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the monk at that time dwells contemplating feelings..." He dwells ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. For what reason? I say, Ananda, that this is a certain feeling, that is, the proper attention to in-breaths and out-breaths. Therefore, Ananda, at that time, a monk dwells contemplating feelings in feelings, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. Ananda, when a monk trains thus: 'I shall breathe in experiencing the mind,' he trains thus: 'I shall breathe out experiencing the mind;' 'I shall breathe in gladdening the mind,' 'I shall breathe out gladdening the mind,' 'I shall breathe in concentrating the mind,' 'I shall breathe out concentrating the mind,' 'I shall breathe in liberating the mind,' he trains thus: 'I shall breathe out liberating the mind' – at that time, Ananda, a monk dwells contemplating mind in mind, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. For what reason? Ananda, I do not say that the development of mindfulness of breathing concentration is for one who is forgetful and not clearly comprehending. Therefore, Ananda, at that time, a monk dwells contemplating mind in mind, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. Ananda, when a monk trains thus: 'I shall breathe in contemplating impermanence,' 'I shall breathe out contemplating impermanence,' 'I shall breathe in contemplating fading away,' 'I shall breathe out contemplating fading away,' 'I shall breathe in contemplating cessation,' 'I shall breathe out contemplating cessation,' 'I shall breathe in contemplating relinquishment,' he trains thus: 'I shall breathe out contemplating relinquishment' – at that time, Ananda, a monk dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. He, having seen with wisdom the abandoning of covetousness and distress, properly looks on with equanimity. Therefore, Ananda, at that time, a monk dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and distress concerning the world. Ananda, when mindfulness of breathing concentration is thus developed, thus made much of, it fulfills the four foundations of mindfulness. And how, Ananda, are the four foundations of mindfulness developed, how are they made much of, so as to fulfill the seven factors of enlightenment? how? When, Ananda, a monk dwells observing the body in the body, his mindfulness is established at that time, unconfused. When, Ananda, a monk's mindfulness is established, unconfused, the enlightenment factor of mindfulness is aroused in him at that time, he develops the enlightenment factor of mindfulness at that time, the enlightenment factor of mindfulness comes to its culmination by development in him at that time. Dwelling thus mindful, he investigates that dhamma with wisdom, he examines it, he makes a thorough investigation of it. When, Ananda, a monk, dwelling thus mindful, investigates that dhamma with wisdom, examines it, makes a thorough investigation of it, the enlightenment factor of investigation of dhammas is aroused in him at that time, he develops the enlightenment factor of investigation of dhammas at that time, the enlightenment factor of investigation of dhammas comes to its culmination by development in him at that time. As he investigates that dhamma with wisdom, examines it, makes a thorough investigation of it, unflagging energy is aroused in him. When, Ananda, as a monk investigates that dhamma with wisdom, examines it, makes a thorough investigation of it, unflagging energy is aroused in him, the enlightenment factor of energy is aroused in him at that time, he develops the enlightenment factor of energy at that time, the enlightenment factor of energy comes to its culmination by development in him at that time. In one with aroused energy, unworldly joy arises. When, Ananda, in a monk with aroused energy, unworldly joy arises, the enlightenment factor of joy is aroused in him at that time, he develops the enlightenment factor of joy at that time, the enlightenment factor of joy comes to its culmination by development in him at that time. In one with a joyful mind, the body also... ...calms down, the mind also calms down. At that time, Ānanda, when a monk's body, filled with joy, calms down, and his mind also calms down – the enlightenment factor of tranquility is aroused in the monk at that time, the monk develops the enlightenment factor of tranquility at that time, the enlightenment factor of tranquility reaches full development in the monk at that time. For one whose body is tranquil and happy, the mind becomes concentrated. At that time, Ānanda, when a monk's mind becomes concentrated, his body tranquil and happy – the enlightenment factor of concentration is aroused in the monk at that time, the monk develops the enlightenment factor of concentration at that time, the enlightenment factor of concentration reaches full development in the monk at that time. He then observes that concentrated mind well with equanimity. At that time, Ānanda, when a monk observes that concentrated mind well with equanimity – the enlightenment factor of equanimity is aroused in the monk at that time, the monk develops the enlightenment factor of equanimity at that time, the enlightenment factor of equanimity reaches full development in the monk at that time. At that time, Ānanda, when a monk dwells observing phenomena in feelings... in mind... in phenomena – mindfulness is established in the monk at that time, unforgotten. At that time, Ānanda, when mindfulness is established in the monk, unforgotten – the enlightenment factor of mindfulness is aroused in the monk at that time, the monk develops the enlightenment factor of mindfulness at that time, the enlightenment factor of mindfulness reaches full development in the monk at that time. He then observes that concentrated mind well with equanimity. At that time, Ānanda, when a monk observes that concentrated mind well with equanimity – the enlightenment factor of equanimity is aroused in the monk at that time, the enlightenment factor of equanimity at that time... at that time a monk develops the equanimity enlightenment factor; at that time the monk's development goes to completion. Thus developed, Ananda, the four foundations of mindfulness, thus made much of, complete the seven enlightenment factors. "How developed, Ananda, are the seven enlightenment factors, how made much of, do they complete knowledge and liberation? Here, Ananda, a monk develops the mindfulness enlightenment factor dependent on seclusion, dependent on dispassion, dependent on cessation, culminating in relinquishment; develops the investigation-of-states enlightenment factor ...and so on... develops the equanimity enlightenment factor dependent on seclusion, dependent on dispassion, dependent on cessation, culminating in relinquishment. Thus developed, Ananda, are the seven enlightenment factors, thus made much of, do they complete knowledge and liberation." The third. 4. The Second Discourse to Ananda 990. Then indeed, Venerable Ananda approached the Blessed One; having approached, having paid homage to the Blessed One, he sat down to one side. To Venerable Ananda, sitting to one side, the Blessed One said this: "Is there, Ananda, one quality developed and made much of, that completes four qualities? Are four qualities developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities? Are seven qualities developed and made much of, that complete two qualities?" "Our teachings have the Blessed One as their root, venerable sir...and so on..." "There is, Ananda, one quality developed and made much of, that completes four qualities; four qualities developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities; seven qualities developed and made much of, that complete two qualities. "Which, Ananda, is the one quality developed and made much of, that completes four qualities? Four qualities developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities? Seven qualities developed and made much of, that complete two qualities? Mindfulness of breathing concentration, Ananda, is the one quality developed and made much of, that completes the four foundations of mindfulness; the four foundations of mindfulness developed and made much of, complete the seven enlightenment factors; the seven enlightenment factors... developed, made much of, complete knowledge and liberation.” “How, Ananda, is the concentration on in-and-out breathing developed, how made much of, so that it completes the four foundations of mindfulness?” “Here, Ananda, a monk gone to the forest... ...Thus developed, Ananda, are the seven factors of awakening, thus made much of, so that they complete knowledge and liberation.” The Fourth. 5. The First Discourse to Monks 991. Then many monks approached the Blessed One; having approached and saluted the Blessed One, they sat down to one side. Seated to one side, those monks said to the Blessed One: “Is there, Venerable Sir, one quality, developed and made much of, that completes four qualities? Are there four qualities, developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities? Are there seven qualities, developed and made much of, that complete two qualities?” “There is, monks, one quality, developed and made much of, that completes four qualities. There are four qualities, developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities. There are seven qualities, developed and made much of, that complete two qualities.” “But which, Venerable Sir, is that one quality, developed and made much of, that completes four qualities? Which are those four qualities, developed and made much of, that complete seven qualities?