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and his livelihood is corrupt – Indeed, Upāli, for a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors, his act should not be revoked. Furthermore, Upāli, for a bhikkhu endowed with five factors, his act should not be revoked. Which five? He is shameless, he is foolish, he is unskillful, he is one who crushes others, and he is not a fulfiller of the training in duties – Indeed, Upāli, for a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors, his act should not be revoked. 421. "Venerable Sir, how many qualities should a bhikkhu who is a 'battlefield-dweller' establish within himself before approaching the Saṅgha?" [pari. 365] "Upāli, a bhikkhu who is a 'battlefield-dweller' should establish five qualities within himself before approaching the Saṅgha. Which five? Upāli, a bhikkhu who is a 'battlefield-dweller' should approach the Saṅgha with a humble mind, with a mind like a dust-remover, he should be skilled in seating, skilled in sitting, not pressing upon senior bhikkhus, not pushing away junior bhikkhus from their seats, he should sit in an appropriate seat, he should not be one who speaks various talks, nor one who speaks street talk, he should himself speak Dhamma, or invite another to speak, noble Or silence should not be disregarded, If, Upāli, the Saṅgha performs acts for concord, And if, Upāli, a bhikkhu does not agree with it, He should make his view known and declare his agreement. For what reason? "Lest I be at variance with the Saṅgha." Upāli, by a bhikkhu who frequents the Saṅgha, These five qualities should be established within himself, And then the Saṅgha should be approached. 422. "By how many factors, indeed, venerable sir, is a bhikkhu endowed, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, and displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many?" "Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, and displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Which five? He is one who speaks haughtily, and one who chatters idly, and is not skilled in connecting speech, and does not admonish according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, and does not make others act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense – Indeed, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, and displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, and pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. Which five? He is not one who speaks haughtily, and not one who chatters idly, and is skilled in connecting speech, and admonishes according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, and makes others act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense – Indeed, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, and pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. "Furthermore, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors, who, speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, and displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Which five? He is one who exalts himself, and disparages others, and grasps what is not Dhamma, and obstructs the Dhamma, and speaks much idle talk." Indeed, Upāli, a monk endowed with these five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Upāli, a monk endowed with five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. Which five? He does not exalt himself, nor does he disparage others, he grasps the Dhamma, he rejects what is not Dhamma, and he does not speak much idle chatter. Indeed, Upāli, a monk endowed with these five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. Furthermore, Upāli, a monk endowed with these five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Which five? He acts by force, he acts without asking for permission, he does not admonish according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he does not make others act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he does not declare according to his own view. Indeed, Upāli, a monk endowed with these five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is disliked by many, displeasing to many, and disagreeable to many. Upāli, a monk endowed with five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. Which five? He does not act by force, he acts after asking for permission, he admonishes according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he makes others act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he declares according to his own view. Indeed, Upāli, a monk endowed with these five qualities, when speaking in the Saṅgha, is liked by many, pleasing to many, and agreeable to many. How many benefits, venerable sir, are there in learning the Vinaya? Upāli, there are these five benefits in learning the Vinaya. Which five? One's own aggregate of virtue is well-guarded, well-protected, k It is a refuge for those prone to remorse, He speaks confidently in the midst of the Sangha, He thoroughly suppresses adversaries with the Dhamma, He is committed to the establishment of the True Dhamma – These, Upāli, are the five advantages of learning the Vinaya. The second chapter, "Not Ceasing," is finished. Its summary – Fallen, and of bad reputation, Shameless, and by conflict; Exalted, and exalting, Forcibly, and by learning. The First Twin-Declaration. 3. The Chapter on Speaking "By how many factors, venerable sir, should a bhikkhu endowed with them not speak in the Sangha?" "Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors should not speak in the Sangha. Which five? He does not know the offense, He does not know the origin of the offense, He does not know the application of the offense, He does not know the cessation of the offense, He is not skilled in the judgment of the offense – Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors should not speak in the Sangha. Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors should speak in the Sangha. Which five? He knows the offense, He knows the origin of the offense, He knows the application of the offense, He knows the cessation of the offense, He is skilled in the judgment of the offense – Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors should speak in the Sangha. "And further, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors should not speak in the Sangha. Which five? He does not know the legal question, He does not know the origin of the legal question, He does not know the application of the legal question, He does not know the cessation of the legal question, He is not skilled in the judgment of the legal question – Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five factors should not speak in the Sangha. Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five factors should speak in the Sangha. Which five? He knows the legal question, He knows the origin of the legal question, He knows the application of the legal question, He knows the cessation of the legal question, knows the disparity, is skilled in settling disputes – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should speak in the Sangha. And again, Upāli, with five other qualities, a bhikkhu should not speak in the Sangha. Which five? He acts by force, he acts without obtaining permission, he is not admonished according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he is not made to act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he does not declare according to his view – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should not speak in the Sangha. With five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should speak in the Sangha. Which five? He does not act by force, he acts after obtaining permission, he is admonished according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he is made to act according to Dhamma, according to Vinaya, according to the offense, he declares according to his view – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should speak in the Sangha. And again, Upāli, with five other qualities, a bhikkhu should not speak in the Sangha. Which five? He does not know what is an offense and what is not an offense, he does not know light and heavy offenses, he does not know offenses with residue and without residue, he does not know grave and not grave offenses, he does not know offenses with remedy and without remedy – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should not speak in the Sangha. With five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should speak in the Sangha. Which five? He knows what is an offense and what is not an offense, he knows light and heavy offenses, he knows offenses with residue and without residue, he knows grave and not grave offenses, he knows offenses with remedy and without remedy – with these five qualities, Upāli, a bhikkhu should speak in the Sangha. And again, Upāli, with five other qualities, a bhikkhu in the Sangha Should not speak. By which five? He does not know the act, he does not know the performance of the act, he does not know the basis of the act, he does not know the procedure of the act, he does not know the appeasement of the act – Indeed, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five qualities should not speak in the Sangha. Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities should speak in the Sangha. By which five? He knows the act, he knows the performance of the act, he knows the basis of the act, he knows the procedure of the act, he knows the appeasement of the act – Indeed, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with these five qualities should speak in the Sangha. Again, Upāli, a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities should not speak in the Sangha. By which five? He does not know the case,