English
The Division of Cases 1. The Division of Overturning, etc. 340. There are four cases. A case of dispute, a case of accusation, a case of offense, a case of duty – these are the four cases. Of these four cases, how many overturnings are there? Of these four cases, there are ten overturnings. For a case of dispute, two overturnings; for a case of accusation, four overturnings; for a case of offense, three overturnings; for a case of duty, one overturning – these are the ten overturnings of these four cases. When overturning a case of dispute, by how many settlements does one overturn it? When overturning a case of accusation, by how many settlements does one overturn it? When overturning a case of offense, by how many settlements does one overturn it? When overturning a case of duty, by how many settlements does one overturn it? When overturning a case of dispute, one overturns it by two settlements. When overturning a case of accusation, one overturns it by four settlements. When overturning a case of offense, one overturns it by three settlements. When overturning a case of duty, one overturns it by one settlement. 341. How many overturnings are there? In how many ways does overturning arise? Endowed with how many factors does a person overturn a case? How many persons, when overturning a case, incur an offense? There are twelve overturnings. Overturning arises in ten ways. A person endowed with four factors overturns a case. Four persons, when overturning a case, incur an offense. What are the twelve overturnings? An undone act, a badly done act, an act to be done again; an unremoved, a badly removed, to be removed again; an undecided, a badly decided, to be decided again; an unsettled, a badly settled, to be settled again – these are the twelve overturnings. In what ten ways does overturning arise? One overturns a case that arose there, one overturns a case that arose there and was settled; one overturns a case on the way, one overturns a case settled on the way. He reopens that case, he reopens a case that has gone there, he reopens a case that has gone there and been settled, he reopens a 'recollection' procedure, he reopens an 'unbewildered' procedure, he reopens a 'confession of guilt' procedure, he reopens a 'covering with grass' procedure – by these ten ways, he causes reopening. By what four factors endowed is a person one who reopens a case? Going by desire, he reopens a case, going by hatred, he reopens a case, going by delusion, he reopens a case, going by fear, he reopens a case – by these four factors endowed is a person one who reopens a case. What four persons, reopening a case, incur an offense? One who was ordained on that day reopens, incurring a pācittiya for reopening, an arriving monk reopens, incurring a pācittiya for reopening, one who performs the act reopens, incurring a pācittiya for reopening, one who gives consent reopens, incurring a pācittiya for reopening – these four persons, reopening a case, incur an offense. 2. Origin of Cases, etc. 342. What is the origin, what is the source, what is the nature, what is the cause, what is the material, what is the arising of a dispute case? What is the origin, what is the source, what is the nature, what is the cause, what is the material, what is the arising of a censure case? What is the origin, what is the source, what is the nature, what is the cause, what is the material, what is the arising of an offense case? What is the origin, what is the source, what is the nature, what is the cause, what is the material, what is the arising of a duty case? A dispute case has dispute as its origin, dispute as its source, dispute as its nature, dispute as its cause, dispute as its material, dispute as its arising. A censure case has censure as its origin, censure as its source, censure as its nature, censure as its cause, censure as its material, censure as its arising. An offense case has offense as its origin, offense as its source, offense as its nature, offense as its cause, offense as its material, offense as its arising. Arising. A matter of business has business as its origin, has business as its source, is of the nature of business, arises from business, has business as its requisites, has business as its cause of arising. A dispute matter, what is its origin? what is its source? what is its kind? what is its arising? what are its requisites? what is its cause of arising? A recrimination matter... An offense matter... A business matter, what is its origin? what is its source? what is its kind? what is its arising? what are its requisites? what is its cause of arising? A dispute matter has a cause as its origin, has a cause as its source, is of the nature of a cause, arises from a cause, has a cause as its requisites, has a cause as its cause of arising. A recrimination matter... An offense matter... A business matter has a cause as its origin, has a cause as its source, is of the nature of a cause, arises from a cause, has a cause as its requisites, has a cause as its cause of arising. A dispute matter, what is its origin? what is its source? what is its kind? what is its arising? what are its requisites? what is its cause of arising? A recrimination matter... An offense matter... A business matter, what is its origin? what is its source? what is its kind? what is its arising? what are its requisites? what is its cause of arising? A dispute matter has a condition as its origin, has a condition as its source, is of the nature of a condition, arises from a condition, has a condition as its requisites, has a condition as its cause of arising. A recrimination matter... An offense matter... A business matter has a condition as its origin, has a condition as its source, is of the nature of a condition, arises from a condition, has a condition as its requisites, has a condition as its cause of arising. 3. Origins of Matters, etc. 343. Of the four matters, how many roots? how many causes of arising? Of the four matters, thirty-three roots, thirty-three causes of arising. Of the four matters, which are the thirty-three roots? Of a dispute matter, twelve roots. Of a recrimination matter, fourteen roots. Of an offense matter, six roots. Of a business matter, one root, the Sangha. These are the thirty-three roots of the four matters. Of the four matters, which are the thirty-three causes of arising? Of a dispute matter, eighteen... Unresolvable matters are the origins. For the accusation case, four failures are the origins. For the offense case, seven groups of offenses are the origins. For the duty case, four acts are the origins. These thirty-three are the origins of the four cases. 4. Offense due to a case 344. Is a dispute case an offense or not an offense? A dispute case is not an offense. But can one incur an offense due to a dispute case? Yes, one can incur an offense due to a dispute case. How many offenses does one incur due to a dispute case? One incurs two offenses due to a dispute case. If one insults an ordained monk, it is an offense of pācittiya. If one insults an unordained person, it is an offense of dukkaṭa. These two offenses are incurred due to a dispute case. How many failures of the four failures do these offenses fall into? Which case of the four cases? By how many groups of offenses of the seven groups of offenses are they included? By how many origins of the six origins of offenses do they arise? By how many cases, in how many places, by how many settlements are they settled? These offenses fall into one failure of the four failures – the failure of conduct. Of the four cases, the offense case. They are included by two groups of offenses of the seven groups of offenses – namely, the pācittiya group of offenses, and the dukkaṭa group of offenses. They arise from three origins of the six origins of offenses. By one case – the duty case; in three places – in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, in the presence of an individual; they are settled by three settlements – namely, by settlement in the presence and by acknowledgment, and by settlement in the presence and by covering with grass. 345. Is an accusation case an offense or not an offense? An accusation case is not an offense. But can one incur an offense due to an accusation case? Yes, due to an accusation case... Due to a cause, one might incur an offense. Due to a dispute-case, how many offenses does one incur? Due to a dispute-case, one incurs three offenses. If one accuses a bhikkhu of a baseless pārājika offense, there is an offense of saṅghādisesa; if one accuses of a baseless saṅghādisesa, there is an offense of pācittiya; if one accuses of a baseless misconduct, there is an offense of dukkaṭa – due to a dispute-case, these three offenses are incurred. These offenses, of the four failures, how many failures do they share? Of the four cases, which case is it? Of the seven groups of offenses, by how many groups of offenses are they included? Of the six origins of offenses, by how many origins do they arise? By how many cases, in how many places, by how many settlements are they settled? These offenses, of the four failures, share two failures – they may be a failure of morality, they may be a failure of conduct. Of the four cases, it is the offense-case. Of the seven groups of offenses, they are included by three groups of offenses – they may be the saṅghādisesa group of offenses, they may be the pācittiya group of offenses, they may be the dukkaṭa group of offenses. Of the six origins of offenses, they arise from three origins. Those offenses that are grave, those offenses are settled by one case – the business-case; in one place – in the midst of the Saṅgha; by two settlements – by settlement in the presence and by settlement by acknowledgement. Those offenses that are light, those offenses are settled by one case – the business-case; in three places – in the midst of the Saṅgha, in the midst of a group,