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grasping the limit of his own speech, grasping the limit of others' speech, he acts righteously, with acknowledgement. And further, a Vinaya-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as a "fool": He does not know the offense, he does not know the root of the offense, he does not know the origin of the offense, he does not know the cessation of the offense, he does not know the path leading to the cessation of the offense. A Vinaya-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as a "wise one": He knows the offense, he knows the root of the offense, he knows the origin of the offense, he knows the cessation of the offense, he knows the path leading to the cessation of the offense. And further, a Vinaya-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as a "fool": He does not know the legal question, he does not know the root of the legal question, he does not know the origin of the legal question, he does not know the cessation of the legal question, he does not know the path leading to the cessation of the legal question. A Vinaya-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as a "wise one": He knows the legal question, he knows the root of the legal question, he knows the origin of the legal question, he knows the cessation of the legal question, he knows the path leading to the cessation of the legal question. And further, a Vinaya-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as a "fool": He does not know the basis. he does not know the case, he does not know the origin, he does not know the rule, he does not know the supplementary rule, he does not know the sequence of words. Endowed with five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as wise: he knows the case, he knows the origin, he knows the rule, he knows the supplementary rule, he knows the sequence of words. And endowed with another five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as foolish: he does not know the motion, he does not know the procedure of the motion, he is not skilled in what precedes, he is not skilled in what follows, and he does not know the right time. Endowed with five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as wise: he knows the motion, he knows the procedure of the motion, he is skilled in what precedes, he is skilled in what follows, and he knows the right time. And endowed with another five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as foolish: he does not know offenses and non-offenses, he does not know light and grave offenses, he does not know remaining and non-remaining offenses, he does not know serious and non-serious offenses, and his teacher's tradition is not well-grasped, not well-considered, not well-examined. Endowed with five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as wise: he knows offenses and non-offenses, he knows light and grave offenses, he knows remaining and non-remaining offenses, he knows serious and non-serious offenses, and his teacher's tradition is well-grasped, well-considered, well-examined. And endowed with another five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as foolish: he does not know offenses and non-offenses, he does not know light and grave offenses, he does not know remaining and non-remaining offenses, he knows serious and non-serious offenses, and his two Pātimokkhas are not well-received in detail, not well-analyzed, not well-practiced, not well-determined according to the suttas and their explanations. Endowed with five qualities, a disciplinarian is reckoned as wise: he knows offenses and non-offenses, He knows what is an offence. He knows what is a light or heavy offence. He knows what is an offence with remainder or without remainder. He knows what is a gross or not gross offence. And both Pātimokkhas are well-received by him in detail, well-divided, well-recited, well-determined, by rule and by detail. A discipline-holder endowed with five other qualities is reckoned as a fool: He does not know what is an offence or not an offence. He does not know what is a light or heavy offence. He does not know what is an offence with remainder or without remainder. He does not know what is a gross or not gross offence. And he is not skilled in settling disputes. A discipline-holder endowed with five qualities is reckoned as wise: He knows what is an offence or not an offence. He knows what is a light or heavy offence. He knows what is an offence with remainder or without remainder. He knows what is a gross or not gross offence. And he is skilled in settling disputes. Five forest-dwellers: One is a forest-dweller due to dullness, due to delusion. One is a forest-dweller with evil wishes, overcome by desire. One is a forest-dweller due to madness, due to mental distraction. One is a forest-dweller because it is praised by Buddhas and their disciples. And one is a forest-dweller relying on fewness of wishes, relying on contentment, relying on effacement, relying on seclusion, relying on this very purpose. Five alms-food eaters. Five rag-robe wearers. Five tree-root dwellers. Five charnel-ground dwellers. Five open-air dwellers. Five triple-robe wearers. Five house-to-house alms-gatherers. Five sitters. Five whatever-bed-they-get users. Five one-meal-a-day eaters. Five later-meal-refusers. Five bowl-food eaters: One is a bowl-food eater due to dullness, due to delusion. One is a bowl-food eater with evil wishes, overcome by desire. One is a bowl-food eater due to madness, due to mental distraction. One is a bowl-food eater because it is praised by Buddhas and their disciples. And one is a bowl-food eater relying on fewness of wishes, relying on contentment, relying on effacement, relying on seclusion Relying on others, relying on this very purpose, he is one who lives on almsfood. A monk endowed with five factors should not live independently: he does not know the Uposatha, he does not know the Uposatha ceremony, he does not know the Pātimokkha, he does not know the recitation of the Pātimokkha, he is less than five years ordained. A monk endowed with five factors should live independently: he knows the Uposatha, he knows the Uposatha ceremony, he knows the Pātimokkha, he knows the recitation of the Pātimokkha, he is five years ordained or more than five years ordained. And further, a monk endowed with five factors should not live independently: he does not know the Pavāraṇā, he does not know the Pavāraṇā ceremony, he does not know the Pātimokkha, he does not know the recitation of the Pātimokkha, he is less than five years ordained. A monk endowed with five factors should live independently: he knows the Pavāraṇā, he knows the Pavāraṇā ceremony, he knows the Pātimokkha, he knows the recitation of the Pātimokkha, he is five years ordained or more than five years ordained. And further, a monk endowed with five factors should not live independently: he does not know what is an offence and what is not an offence, he does not know light and heavy offences, he does not know remaining and non-remaining offences, he does not know serious and non-serious offences, he is less than five years ordained. A monk endowed with five factors should live independently: he knows what is an offence and what is not an offence, he knows light and heavy offences, he knows remaining and non-remaining offences, he knows serious and non-serious offences, he is five years ordained or more than five years ordained. A nun endowed with five factors should not live independently: she does not know the Uposatha, she does not know the Uposatha ceremony, she does not know the Pātimokkha, she does not know the recitation of the Pātimokkha, she is less than five years ordained. A nun endowed with five factors should live independently: she knows the Uposatha, she knows the Uposatha ceremony, she knows the Pātimokkha, she knows the recitation of the Pātimokkha, she is five years old, or she is more than five years old. A bhikkhuni endowed with these other five qualities should not dwell without a preceptor – she does not know the Pavāraṇā, she does not know the Pavāraṇā ceremony, she does not know the Pātimokkha, she does not know the recitation of the Pātimokkha, she is less than five years old. A bhikkhuni endowed with these five qualities may dwell without a preceptor – she knows the Pavāraṇā, she knows the Pavāraṇā ceremony, she knows the Pātimokkha, she knows the recitation of the Pātimokkha, she is five years old or more than five years old. A bhikkhuni endowed with these other five qualities should not dwell without a preceptor – she does not know offenses and non-offenses, she does not know light and heavy offenses, she does not know remaining and non-remaining offenses, she does not know gross and non-gross offenses, she is less than five years old. A bhikkhuni endowed with these five qualities may dwell without a preceptor – she knows offenses and non-offenses, she knows light and heavy offenses, she knows remaining and non-remaining offenses, she knows gross and non-gross offenses, she is five years old or more than five years old. Five disadvantages in one who is displeasing – one blames oneself, the wise, having examined, censure one, an evil reputation spreads, one dies bewildered, with the breaking up of the body, after death, one reappears in a state of deprivation, a bad destination, a downfall, hell. Five advantages in one who is pleasing – one does not blame oneself, the wise, having examined, praise one, a good reputation spreads, one dies unbewildered, with the breaking up of the body, after death, one reappears in a good destination, a heavenly world. These other five disadvantages in one who is displeasing – those who are not confident do not become confident, for some of those who are confident, there is a change of heart, the Teacher's dispensation is not fulfilled, later generations do not follow the example, one's mind is not clear. Five advantages in one who is pleasing – those who are not confident become confident, for those who are confident, there is further growth,