English
If, bhikkhus, in an action requiring a motion and three proclamations, one performs the action with four proclamations, and does not establish the motion – that is an unlawful action. This, bhikkhus, is called an unlawful action. And what, bhikkhus, is a factional action? If, in an action requiring a motion and a proclamation, Monks, if in an act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are not present, the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. Monks, if in a ñatti-second act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. Monks, if in a ñatti-second act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. Monks, if in a ñatti-fourth act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are not present, the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. Monks, if in a ñatti-fourth act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. Monks, if in a ñatti-fourth act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, those present object – this is a schismatic act. This, monks, is called a schismatic act. And what, monks, is a harmonious act? Monks, if in a ñatti-second act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not object – this is a harmonious act. Monks, if in a ñatti-fourth act, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not object – this is a harmonious act. This, monks, is called a harmonious act. And what, monks, is a schismatic act resembling the Dhamma? Monks, if in a ñatti-second act, first the formal motion is recited, then the motion is laid down, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act, they are not present, the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, and those present ob- They protest – a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-second act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, and those present protest – this is a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-second act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present protest – this is a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-fourth act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are not present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, and those present protest – this is a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-fourth act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is not brought, and those present protest – this is a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-fourth act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present protest – this is a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. This, O bhikkhus, is called a schismatic act by a semblance of Dhamma. And what, O bhikkhus, is a unanimous act by a semblance of Dhamma? If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-second act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act are present, and the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not protest – this is a unanimous act by a semblance of Dhamma. If, O bhikkhus, in a motion-fourth act, he recites the first proclamation, then lays down the motion, and as many bhikkhus as are qualified for the act He announces, then sets forth the motion. As many bhikkhus as are competent for the act are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not object – this is an act of concord resembling the Dhamma. This is called, bhikkhus, an act of concord resembling the Dhamma. And what, bhikkhus, is an act of concord according to the Dhamma? If, bhikkhus, in an act with a motion and one declaration, first he sets forth the motion, then he performs the act with one declaration. As many bhikkhus as are competent for the act are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not object – this is an act of concord according to the Dhamma. If, bhikkhus, in an act with a motion and three declarations, first he sets forth the motion, then he performs the act with three declarations. As many bhikkhus as are competent for the act are present, the consent of those entitled to consent is brought, and those present do not object – this is an act of concord according to the Dhamma. This is called, bhikkhus, an act of concord according to the Dhamma. The discourse on acts flawed by the motion, etc., is finished. 237. The discourse on the performance by a quorum of four, etc. 388. There are five kinds of Sangha: a Sangha of four bhikkhus, a Sangha of five bhikkhus, a Sangha of ten bhikkhus, a Sangha of twenty bhikkhus, a Sangha of more than twenty bhikkhus. Among these, bhikkhus, the Sangha of four bhikkhus, excluding three acts – ordination, invitation, and rehabilitation – being in concord according to the Dhamma, is competent for all acts. Among these, bhikkhus, the Sangha of five bhikkhus, excluding two acts – ordination in the central regions and rehabilitation – being in concord according to the Dhamma, is competent for all acts. Among these, bhikkhus, the Sangha of ten bhikkhus, excluding one act – rehabilitation – being in concord according to the Dhamma, is competent for all acts. Among these, bhikkhus, the Sangha of twenty bhikkhus, being in concord according to the Dhamma, is competent for all acts. Among these, bhikkhus, the Sangha of more than twenty bhikkhus... The Sangha, united by Dhamma, is fit for all acts. 389. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a bhikkhuni as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a sikkhamana as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a samanera as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a samaneri as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one who has renounced the training as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one who has fallen into a final offense as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one suspended for not seeing an offense as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one suspended for not atoning for an offense as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one suspended for not relinquishing a bad view as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a pandaka as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a thief-in-disguise as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one who has gone over to another sect as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with an animal as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a matricide as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a parricide as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with an arahant-killer as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a bhikkhuni-defiler as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a schismatic as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one who has drawn blood from a Buddha as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with a hermaphrodite as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one of different communion as the fourth, it is not an act, and should not be done. If, monks, a four-person act, is performed with one standing in a different boundary as the fourth, it is not not an act, and should not be done. A fourth person, standing in the air by wisdom, should perform an act. But it is not a valid act, and it should not be done. If the Sangha performs an act for someone, that fourth person should perform an act. But it is not a valid act, and it should not be done. The fourfold exclusion. 390. If, monks, an act requiring five,