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t85n2804 essential explanation of thirty verses on consciousness only.g2.0f

Chinese

情心无悲愍损恼为性。能障不害逼恼为业。谓有害者逼恼他故。云何为憍。于自盛事深生染着醉傲为性。能障不憍染依为业。谓憍醉者生长一切杂染法故 云何无惭。不顾自法轻拒贤善为性。能障碍惭生长恶行为业。谓于自法无所顾者轻拒贤善不耻过恶。障惭生长诸恶行故 云何无愧。不顾世间崇重暴恶为性。能障碍愧生长恶行为业。谓于世间无所顾者崇重暴恶不耻过罪。障愧生长诸恶行故。通别等相百法疏明 云何掉举。令心于境不寂静为性。能障行舍奢摩他为业。谓由掉举自性嚣动。令俱生法不寂静故 云何惛沈。令心于境无堪任为性。能障轻安毗钵舍那为业。谓由惛沈自性瞢重。令俱生法无堪任故 云何不信。于实德能不忍乐欲心秽为性。能障净信惰依为业。谓不信者多懈怠故。于实德能不忍乐欲。及于余事邪忍乐欲。是此因果。非此自性 云何懈怠。于善恶品修断事中懒惰为性。能障精进增染为业。谓懈怠者滋长染故。于诸染事而策勤者亦名懈怠。退善法故。于无记事而策勤者于诸善恶无进退故。是欲胜解。非别自性 云何放逸。于染净品不能防修纵荡为性。障不放逸增恶损善所依为业。谓由懈怠及贪嗔痴于染净品不能防修。总名放逸。无别自性 云何失念。谓于所缘不能明记为性。能障正念散乱所依为业。 现代汉语译本 ‘情心无悲愍损恼为性’:指的是以缺乏悲悯之心,造成损害和恼怒作为其本质特性。其作用是阻碍不伤害(不害)和逼迫恼乱(逼恼),因为有害的人会逼迫和恼乱他人。 ‘云何为憍’(什么是憍慢)?对于自身的兴盛之事,深深地产生染着,并因此而醉心傲慢,这是憍慢的本质特性。其作用是阻碍不憍慢(不憍)和产生染污的所依(染依),因为沉醉于憍慢的人会滋长一切杂染之法。 ‘云何无惭’(什么是无惭)?不顾及自身的法则,轻视和拒绝贤良和善良,这是无惭的本质特性。其作用是阻碍惭愧(惭),并滋长恶行,因为对于自身法则毫无顾忌的人,会轻视和拒绝贤良善良,不以自己的过错和罪恶为耻,从而阻碍惭愧的产生,并滋长各种恶行。 ‘云何无愧’(什么是无愧)?不顾及世间的道德规范,崇尚和看重暴虐和邪恶,这是无愧的本质特性。其作用是阻碍愧(愧),并滋长恶行,因为对于世间道德规范毫无顾忌的人,会崇尚和看重暴虐和邪恶,不以自己的过错和罪恶为耻,从而阻碍愧的产生,并滋长各种恶行。关于‘通别等相’(共同和个别的相),在《百法疏》中有详细说明。 ‘云何掉举’(什么是掉举)?使心对于所缘境不能保持寂静,这是掉举的本质特性。其作用是阻碍行舍(行舍)和奢摩他(止),因为由于掉举的自性是嚣动不安的,所以使与之俱生的法也不能保持寂静。 ‘云何惛沈’(什么是惛沉)?使心对于所缘境失去堪能性,这是惛沉的本质特性。其作用是阻碍轻安(轻安)和毗钵舍那(观),因为由于惛沉的自性是昏昧沉重的,所以使与之俱生的法失去堪能性。 ‘云何不信’(什么是不信)?对于真实(实)、功德(德)、能力(能)不忍可、不喜好、不欲求,并且内心污秽,这是不信的本质特性。其作用是阻碍净信(净信),并成为懈怠的所依(惰依),因为不信的人大多懈怠。对于真实、功德、能力不忍可、不喜好、不欲求,以及对于其他事情邪僻地忍可、喜好、欲求,这是不信的因和果,而不是不信的自性。 ‘云何懈怠’(什么是懈怠)?对于善和恶的修习和断除之事,表现出懒惰,这是懈怠的本质特性。其作用是阻碍精进(精进),并增长染污,因为懈怠的人会滋长染污。对于各种染污之事却努力勤奋,这也叫做懈怠,因为这会使人退失善法。对于无记之事却努力勤奋,因为对于善和恶既无进步也无退步。这是欲(欲)和胜解(胜解),而不是单独的自性。 ‘云何放逸’(什么是放逸)?对于染污和清净之事,不能防护和修习,任其放纵,这是放逸的本质特性。其作用是阻碍不放逸(不放逸),并成为增长恶和损害善的所依,因为由于懈怠以及贪嗔痴,对于染污和清净之事不能防护和修习,总称为放逸,没有单独的自性。 ‘云何失念’(什么是失念)?对于所缘境不能清楚地忆念,这是失念的本质特性。其作用是阻碍正念(正念),并成为散乱的所依。

English

English version 'Emotional mind without compassion, its nature is to harm and annoy.' This refers to the characteristic of lacking compassion, causing harm and annoyance. Its function is to obstruct non-harming (not harming) and to compel annoyance (compelling annoyance), because harmful people compel and annoy others. 'What is arrogance?' (Yunhe wei jiao). To deeply attach to and become intoxicated with pride in one's own prosperity is the essential characteristic of arrogance (jiao). Its function is to obstruct non-arrogance (bu jiao) and to be the basis of defilement (ran yi), because those who are intoxicated with arrogance cultivate all kinds of defiled dharmas. 'What is shamelessness?' (Yunhe wu can). Disregarding one's own principles and lightly rejecting the virtuous and good is the essential characteristic of shamelessness (wu can). Its function is to obstruct shame (can) and cultivate evil deeds, because those who disregard their own principles lightly reject the virtuous and good, and are not ashamed of their faults and sins, thus obstructing the arising of shame and cultivating various evil deeds. 'What is impudence?' (Yunhe wu kui). Disregarding worldly morality and valuing violence and evil is the essential characteristic of impudence (wu kui). Its function is to obstruct remorse (kui) and cultivate evil deeds, because those who disregard worldly morality value violence and evil, and are not ashamed of their faults and sins, thus obstructing the arising of remorse and cultivating various evil deeds. The 'common and distinct characteristics' (tong bie deng xiang) are explained in detail in the 'Commentary on the Hundred Dharmas' (Bai Fa Shu). 'What is restlessness?' (Yunhe diao ju). Causing the mind to be unable to remain tranquil with regard to the object of attention is the essential characteristic of restlessness (diao ju). Its function is to obstruct equanimity (xing she) and shamatha (zhi), because the nature of restlessness is agitation, causing the co-arising dharmas to be unable to remain tranquil. 'What is lethargy?' (Yunhe hun chen). Causing the mind to be unable to be competent with regard to the object of attention is the essential characteristic of lethargy (hun chen). Its function is to obstruct lightness and ease (qing an) and vipassana (guan), because the nature of lethargy is dullness and heaviness, causing the co-arising dharmas to be unable to be competent. 'What is disbelief?' (Yunhe bu xin). Not tolerating, not enjoying, not desiring, and having a defiled mind with regard to reality (shi), virtue (de), and ability (neng) is the essential characteristic of disbelief (bu xin). Its function is to obstruct pure faith (jing xin) and to be the basis of laziness (duo yi), because those who disbelieve are mostly lazy. Not tolerating, not enjoying, not desiring reality, virtue, and ability, and perversely tolerating, enjoying, and desiring other things are the causes and effects of disbelief, but not the nature of disbelief itself. 'What is indolence?' (Yunhe xie dai). Being lazy in the practice and cessation of good and evil is the essential characteristic of indolence (xie dai). Its function is to obstruct diligence (jing jin) and increase defilement, because indolent people cultivate defilement. Diligently striving in various defiled matters is also called indolence, because it causes one to regress from good dharmas. Diligently striving in neutral matters, because there is neither progress nor regression in good and evil. This is desire (yu) and ascertainment (sheng jie), but not a separate nature. 'What is heedlessness?' (Yunhe fang yi). Being unable to protect and cultivate defiled and pure things, and letting them run wild, is the essential characteristic of heedlessness (fang yi). Its function is to obstruct heedfulness (bu fang yi) and to be the basis for increasing evil and harming good, because due to indolence and greed, anger, and delusion, one is unable to protect and cultivate defiled and pure things, which is collectively called heedlessness, and has no separate nature. 'What is forgetfulness?' (Yunhe shi nian). Being unable to clearly remember the object of attention is the essential characteristic of forgetfulness (shi nian). Its function is to obstruct right mindfulness (zheng nian) and to be the basis of distraction. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chinese

谓失念者心散乱故。痴令念失故名失念。故以痴念而为自性 云何散乱。于诸所缘令心流荡为性。能障正念恶慧所依为业。谓由散乱自性躁动令俱生法皆流荡故。掉举易解。散乱易缘。差别之义如百法疏 云何不正知。于所观境谬解为性。能障正知毁犯为业。谓不正知者多所毁犯故。知即是慧。谓由痴故令知不正名不正知。故以痴慧合为自性。与并及言显随烦恼非唯二十。杂事等说贪等多种随烦恼故。随烦恼名亦摄烦恼。是前烦恼等流性故。烦恼同类余染污法但名随烦恼。非烦恼摄故。唯说二十随烦恼者。谓非烦恼。唯染粗故。此余染法或此分位或此等流。皆此所摄。随其类别如理应知。此唯染故非第八俱。第七识中唯有大八。第六意识容有一切。小十粗猛五识中无。中大相通五识容有。诸门分别百法疏明。更有余义。非要不述。己说二十随烦恼相。不定有四其相云何。颂曰。  不定谓悔眠  寻伺二各二   释曰。此显第六不定位相。文中三节。言不定者举不定名。谓悔眠等举不定相。二各二者显不定义。悔眠寻伺于善染等皆不定故。非如触等定遍心故。非如欲等定遍地故。立不定故 悔谓恶作。恶所作业追悔为性。障止为业。此即于果假立因名。先恶所作业后方追悔故。悔先不作亦恶作摄。如追悔言。我 现代汉语译本: 所谓的‘失念’,是因为心散乱的缘故。愚痴(痴,Moha)使正念(念,Smṛti)丧失,所以称为‘失念’。因此,以愚痴和不正念作为其自性。 什么是‘散乱’?对于所缘境(所缘,Ālambana),使心流荡不定为其自性。能够障碍正念,是恶慧(慧,Prajñā)的所依处为其作用。因为散乱的自性躁动不安,使得俱生法(俱生法,Sahaja-dharma)都流荡不定。 掉举(掉举,Auddhatya)容易理解。散乱容易攀缘。它们之间的差别,可以参考《百法疏》。 什么是不正知(不正知,Asamprajanya)?对于所观察的境,产生错误的理解为其自性。能够障碍正知(正知,Samprajanya),导致毁犯为其作用。因为具有不正知的人,常常会做出很多毁犯的事情。‘知’就是智慧。因为愚痴的缘故,使得知变得不正,所以称为‘不正知’。因此,以愚痴和恶慧合在一起作为其自性。‘与’和‘并’等词语,显示随烦恼(随烦恼,Upakleśa)不仅仅只有二十种。《杂事》等论典中说到贪(贪,Lobha)等多种随烦恼。随烦恼这个名称也包括了烦恼(烦恼,Klesha),因为它是前面烦恼的等流性。与烦恼同类的其他染污法,只称为随烦恼,不属于烦恼的范畴。所以只说二十种随烦恼,是因为它们不是根本烦恼,只是染污性比较粗重。其余的染污法,或者是这些随烦恼的分位,或者是这些随烦恼的等流,都包含在这些随烦恼之中。根据它们的类别,应该如理如实地了解。 这些随烦恼只是染污的,所以不与第八识(阿赖耶识,Ālaya-vijñāna)同时生起。第七识(末那识,Manas-vijñāna)中只有大八随烦恼。第六意识(意识,Mano-vijñāna)中可以容纳一切随烦恼。小十随烦恼过于粗猛,所以在前五识(眼识,耳识,鼻识,舌识,身识)中没有。中随烦恼和大随烦恼相通,所以前五识中可以容纳。各种门类的分别,在《百法疏》中已经说明。还有其他的意义,这里就不详细叙述了。 已经说完了二十种随烦恼的相状。不定有四种,它们的相状是什么呢?颂文说: ‘不定谓悔眠,寻伺二各二’ 解释说:这显示了第六意识的不定心所的相状。颂文分为三节。‘言不定者’,是举出‘不定’这个名称。‘谓悔眠等’,是举出不定的相状。‘二各二者’,是显示不定的定义。悔(悔,Kaukṛtya)、眠(眠,Middha)、寻(寻,Vitarka)、伺(伺,Vicāra)这四种心所,对于善(善,Kuśala)和染(染,Kliṣṭa)等都是不定的。不像触(触,Sparśa)等心所,一定是普遍存在于心中。也不像欲(欲,Chanda)等心所,一定是普遍存在于某个地(地,Bhūmi)中。所以安立为‘不定’。 ‘悔’就是恶作(恶作,Kaukṛtya),对于所作的恶业追悔为其自性,障碍止(止,Śamatha)为其作用。这是对于结果假立原因的名称。先有恶业的造作,然后才会有追悔。对于先前没有做的事情也追悔,也属于恶作的范畴。比如追悔说:‘我…’