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t85n2804 essential explanation of thirty verses on consciousness only.g2.0f

Chinese

性。对治惛沈转依为业。谓此伏除能障定法。令所依止转安适故。故此轻安唯在定地调畅身心。余位无故。由定滋养有调畅故。故唯此一不遍善心。除此余十遍善心起 不放逸者精进三根。于所断修防修为性。对治放逸成满一切世出世间善事为业。谓于四法于修断事皆防修名不放逸。非别有体。无异相故。于防恶事修善事中。离四功能无别用故 云何行舍。精进三根令心平等正直无功用住为性。对治掉举静住为业。谓于四法令心远离掉举等障静住名舍。平等正直无功用住。初中后位辨舍差别。由不放逸先除杂染。舍复令心寂静而住。此无别体如不放逸。离彼四法无相用故。能令寂静即四法故。所令寂静即心等故 云何不害。于诸有情不为损恼无嗔为性。能对治害悲愍为业。谓即无嗔于有情所不为损恼假名不害无嗔翻对断物命嗔。不害正违损恼物害。无嗔与乐不害拔苦。是谓此二粗相差别。理实无嗔实有自性。不害依彼一分假立。为显慈悲二相别故。利乐有情彼二胜故。及显十一义别心所。谓欣厌等善心所法虽义有别说种种名。而体无异故不别立。欣谓欲俱无嗔一分。于所欣境不憎恚故。不忿恨恼嫉等亦然。随应正翻嗔一分故。厌谓慧俱无贪一分。于所厌境不染着故。不悭憍等当知亦然。随应正翻贪一分故。不覆谄诳无 现代汉语译本 ‘性’(Śīla,戒)。以对治‘惛沈’(styāna,昏沉)为目的,通过‘转依’(āśraya-parivṛtti,转依)来实现其功能。这意味着它能消除障碍禅定的因素,使所依赖的事物变得安稳舒适。因此,这种‘轻安’(prasrabdhi,轻安)只存在于禅定状态中,能调和身心,在其他状态下则不存在。因为禅定能滋养身心,使其得到调和。所以,只有这种‘轻安’不普遍存在于所有善心中。除了‘轻安’之外,其余十种善心所都普遍生起。 ‘不放逸’(apramāda,不放逸)是指‘精进’(vīrya,精进)、‘无贪’(alobha,无贪)、‘无嗔’(adveṣa,无嗔)这三种善根。它的性质在于对应该断除的恶行和应该修习的善行进行防护和修习。它的作用是成就一切世间和出世间的善事。也就是说,对于四种法(指身、口、意、命)以及修习和断除之事,都能进行防护和修习,这被称为‘不放逸’。它并非独立存在,因为没有不同的相状。在防止恶事和修习善事中,离开了这四种功能,就没有其他作用。 什么是‘行舍’(upekṣā,行舍)?‘精进’、‘无贪’、‘无嗔’这三种善根使心处于平等正直、无须刻意用力的状态,这就是‘行舍’的性质。它的作用是对治‘掉举’(auddhatya,掉举),使心安住于寂静。也就是说,对于四种法,使心远离‘掉举’等障碍,安住于寂静,这被称为‘舍’。平等正直且无须刻意用力的安住状态,在初、中、后三个阶段有所不同。通过‘不放逸’首先去除杂染,然后‘舍’使心寂静安住。‘行舍’也没有独立的实体,就像‘不放逸’一样。离开了那四种法,就没有相状和作用。能使心寂静的就是这四种法,所使心寂静的就是心等。 什么是不害(avihiṃsā,不害)?对于一切有情,不造成损害和恼害,以‘无嗔’为性质。它的作用是对治损害,生起悲悯。也就是说,‘无嗔’本身就是对有情不造成损害和恼害,这被假名为‘不害’。‘无嗔’直接对治断除众生命根的嗔恚,‘不害’直接违背损害和恼害众生的行为。‘无嗔’是给予快乐,‘不害’是拔除痛苦。这就是这两者粗略的区别。实际上,‘无嗔’具有真实的自性,‘不害’是依其一部分而假立的,为了显示慈悲二者的不同方面,因为利益和快乐有情是这二者的殊胜之处,并且为了显示十一种意义不同的心所。例如,‘欣’(nandi,欣)、‘厌’(pratigha,厌)等善心所法,虽然意义有所不同,有种种不同的名称,但其体性没有差异,所以不单独设立。‘欣’是与‘欲’(chanda,欲)俱生的,也是‘无嗔’的一部分,因为它对所欣乐的境界没有憎恨。‘不忿’(akrodha,不忿)、‘不恨’(upanāha,不恨)、‘不恼’(pradāśa,不恼)、‘不嫉’(īrṣyā,嫉)等也是如此,应当根据情况反过来理解,它们是‘嗔’的一部分。‘厌’是与‘慧’(prajñā,慧)俱生的,也是‘无贪’的一部分,因为它对所厌恶的境界没有染着。‘不悭’(mātsarya,悭)、‘不憍’(māna,憍)等也应当这样理解,根据情况反过来理解,它们是‘贪’的一部分。‘不覆’(ahrīka,不覆)、‘不谄’(māyā,谄)、‘不诳’(śāṭya,诳)等也是如此。

English

English version 'Śīla' (性, morality). Its nature is to counteract 'styāna' (惛沈, sloth), and its function is achieved through 'āśraya-parivṛtti' (转依, transformation of the basis). This means it eliminates factors that hinder meditation, making the object of reliance stable and comfortable. Therefore, this 'prasrabdhi' (轻安, ease) exists only in the state of meditation, harmonizing body and mind, and does not exist in other states. Because meditation nourishes the body and mind, allowing them to be harmonized. Therefore, only this 'prasrabdhi' does not universally arise in all virtuous minds. Apart from 'prasrabdhi', the other ten virtuous mental factors universally arise. 'Apramāda' (不放逸, non-negligence) refers to the three virtuous roots of 'vīrya' (精进, diligence), 'alobha' (无贪, non-attachment), and 'adveṣa' (无嗔, non-hatred). Its nature lies in protecting and cultivating what should be abandoned and what should be cultivated. Its function is to accomplish all virtuous deeds, both worldly and supramundane. That is, being able to protect and cultivate the four dharmas (referring to body, speech, mind, and life) and the matters of cultivation and abandonment is called 'apramāda'. It does not exist independently because it has no different characteristics. In preventing evil deeds and cultivating good deeds, there is no other function apart from these four functions. What is 'upekṣā' (行舍, equanimity)? The nature of 'upekṣā' is that the three virtuous roots of 'vīrya', 'alobha', and 'adveṣa' cause the mind to be in a state of equality, uprightness, and effortless dwelling. Its function is to counteract 'auddhatya' (掉举, restlessness) and to allow the mind to abide in tranquility. That is, with respect to the four dharmas, causing the mind to be free from obstacles such as 'auddhatya' and to abide in tranquility is called 'śama' (舍, calming). The state of abiding in equality, uprightness, and effortlessness differs in the initial, middle, and later stages. Through 'apramāda', defilements are first removed, and then 'śama' causes the mind to abide in tranquility. 'Upekṣā' also has no independent entity, just like 'apramāda'. Apart from those four dharmas, there are no characteristics or functions. What enables the mind to be tranquil are these four dharmas, and what is made tranquil is the mind, etc. What is 'avihiṃsā' (不害, non-harming)? With respect to all sentient beings, not causing harm or annoyance, its nature is 'adveṣa'. Its function is to counteract harm and to generate compassion. That is, 'adveṣa' itself is not causing harm or annoyance to sentient beings, which is nominally called 'avihiṃsā'. 'Adveṣa' directly counteracts the hatred that cuts off the life force of beings, and 'avihiṃsā' directly opposes the actions of harming and annoying beings. 'Adveṣa' is giving happiness, and 'avihiṃsā' is removing suffering. These are the rough differences between the two. In reality, 'adveṣa' has a real self-nature, and 'avihiṃsā' is nominally established based on a part of it, in order to show the different aspects of loving-kindness and compassion, because benefiting and delighting sentient beings are the superior aspects of these two, and to show the eleven mental factors with different meanings. For example, virtuous mental factors such as 'nandi' (欣, joy) and 'pratigha' (厌, aversion), although their meanings are different and have various different names, their essence is not different, so they are not established separately. 'Nandi' arises together with 'chanda' (欲, desire) and is also a part of 'adveṣa', because it has no hatred towards the object of joy. 'Akrodha' (不忿, non-anger), 'upanāha' (不恨, non-resentment), 'pradāśa' (不恼, non-vexation), 'īrṣyā' (嫉, jealousy), etc., are also like this, and should be understood in reverse according to the situation, they are a part of 'dveṣa' (嗔, hatred). 'Pratigha' arises together with 'prajñā' (慧, wisdom) and is also a part of 'alobha', because it has no attachment to the object of aversion. 'Mātsarya' (悭, stinginess), 'māna' (憍, pride), etc., should also be understood in this way, and understood in reverse according to the situation, they are a part of 'lobha' (贪, greed). 'Ahrīka' (不覆, shamelessness), 'māyā' (谄, deceit), 'śāṭya' (诳, dishonesty), etc., are also like this. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chinese

贪痴一分。随应正翻贪痴一分故。不慢即是惭一分摄。若崇重彼不慢彼故。不疑即是正直所摄。以正见者无犹豫故。不散乱体即正定摄。不妄念者即是正念。悔眠寻伺通染不染。如触欲等无别翻对。何缘诸染所翻善中有别翻对有不尔者。相用别者便别立之。余善不然。不应为例。又诸染法遍六识者。胜故翻之别立善法。慢等忿等唯意识俱。害虽亦然。而数现起损恼他故。障无上乘胜因悲故。为了知彼增上过失。翻立不害。失念散乱及不正知翻入别境。善中不说。染净相翻净令少染。净胜染劣少敌多故。又解理通说多同体。迷情事局随相分多。故于染净不应齐责。第七八识随位有无。若前六识定位皆有。若非定位唯阙轻安。由其五识亦有定故。定所善引者亦有调畅故。成所作智俱必有轻安故。诸余门义百法疏明。乐博闻者应学广论。如是已说善位心所。烦恼心所其相云何。颂曰。  烦恼谓贪嗔  痴慢疑恶见   释曰。此显六种根本烦恼。此贪等六性是根本烦恼摄故得烦恼名 云何为贪。于有有具染着为性。能障无贪生苦为业。谓由爱力取蕴生故 云何为嗔。于苦苦具憎恚为性。能障无嗔不安恶行所依为业。谓嗔必令身心热恼起诸恶业。不善性故 云何为痴。于诸理事迷闇为性。能障无痴一切杂染所依为业。谓 由无明起疑邪定贪等烦恼随烦恼业。能招后生杂染法故 云何为慢。持己于他高举为性。能障不慢生苦为业。谓若有慢于德有德心不谦下。由此生死轮转无穷受诸苦故 云何为疑。于诸谛理犹豫为性。能障不疑善品为业。谓由疑故令慧不决。怀犹豫心善不生故 云何恶见。于诸谛理颠倒推度染慧为性。能障善见招苦为业。谓恶见者多受苦故。此见行相差别有五。一萨迦耶见。谓于五取蕴执我我所。一切见趣所依为业。二边执见。谓即于彼随执断常。障处中行出离为业。三邪见。谓谤因果作用实事。及非四见诸余邪执。如增上缘名义遍故。四见取。谓招诸见及所依蕴执为最胜能得清净。一切斗诤所依为业。五戒禁取。谓于随顺诸见戒禁及所依蕴执为最胜能得清净。无利苦勤所依为业。此十烦恼何识相应。藏识全无。末那有四。意识具十。五识唯三。谓贪嗔痴。无分别故。由称量等起慢等故。既与诸识而得相应。皆有相分。其所杖质或有或无。名缘有事无事烦恼。彼亲所缘虽皆有漏。而所杖质亦通无漏。名缘有漏无漏烦恼。缘自地者相分似质。名缘分别所起事境。缘灭道谛及他地者相分与质不相似故。名缘分别所起名境。此十复依性系地等诸门分别如百法疏。已略辨说此无繁举。已说根本六烦恼相。诸随烦恼其相云何。颂 现代汉语译本:由无明(avidyā,对事物真相的无知)生起疑惑、邪定(micchā samādhi,错误的禅定)、贪(lobha,贪婪)等烦恼和随烦恼,以及由此产生的业(karma,行为),能够招感后世的杂染法(saṃklista dharma,不纯净的法)。 什么是慢(māna,骄慢)?以将自己抬高,凌驾于他人之上为特性。能够障碍不慢的产生,其作用是带来痛苦。如果有人心怀骄慢,对于有德之人也不谦虚低下,因此在生死轮回中无尽流转,遭受各种痛苦。 什么是疑(vicikicchā,怀疑)?以对于诸谛理(satya,真理)犹豫不决为特性。能够障碍不疑的善品,其作用是阻碍善法的产生。因为由于怀疑的缘故,使智慧无法决断,心怀犹豫,善法就无法生起。 什么是恶见(mithyā-dṛṣṭi,邪见)?以对于诸谛理颠倒推测,被染污的智慧为特性。能够障碍正确的见解,其作用是招致痛苦。持有恶见的人会遭受很多痛苦。这种见解的行相差别有五种: 一、萨迦耶见(satkāya-dṛṣṭi,身见)。即对于五取蕴(pañc উপādānaskandha,构成个体的五种要素,即色、受、想、行、识)执着为‘我’或‘我的’。是一切见解和倾向所依赖的基础。 二、边执见(antagrāha-dṛṣṭi,边见)。即对于萨迦耶见所执着的‘我’,进一步执着为断灭或常恒。其作用是障碍处于中道,无法出离。 三、邪见(mithyā-dṛṣṭi,邪见)。即诽谤因果(hetuphala,原因和结果)的作用和真实存在的事物,以及并非前四种见解的其他邪恶执着,如增上缘(adhipati-pratyaya,增上缘)的名义普遍存在。 四、见取(dṛṣṭi-parāmarśa,见取见)。即认为自己所执着的各种见解以及作为这些见解所依赖的五蕴是最殊胜的,能够获得清净。是一切争斗的根源。 五、戒禁取(śīla-vrata-parāmarśa,戒禁取见)。即认为遵循与各种见解相应的戒律和禁忌,以及作为这些戒律和禁忌所依赖的五蕴是最殊胜的,能够获得清净。是无益的苦行所依赖的基础。 这十种烦恼与哪些识相应?藏识(ālayavijñāna,阿赖耶识)完全不相应。末那识(manas,末那识)相应四种。意识(manovijñāna,意识)具足十种。五识(pañcavijñāna,眼、耳、鼻、舌、身识)只有三种,即贪、嗔(dveṣa,嗔恨)、痴(moha,愚痴),因为五识没有分别能力。 由于称量等作用而生起慢等烦恼,因此与诸识相应。这些烦恼都有相分(nimitta-bhāga,影像部分)。它们所依赖的质(ālambana,所缘)有时存在,有时不存在,因此称为缘有事或无事的烦恼。它们亲近所缘的虽然都是有漏法(sāsrava dharma,有烦恼的法),但所依赖的质也通于无漏法(anāsrava dharma,没有烦恼的法),因此称为缘有漏或无漏的烦恼。缘自地(svabhūmi,自身所处的层次)的烦恼,其相分类似于质,因此称为缘分别所起的事境。缘灭谛(nirodha-satya,灭谛)、道谛(mārga-satya,道谛)以及他地(parabhūmi,其他层次)的烦恼,其相分与质不相似,因此称为缘分别所起的名境。 这十种烦恼依据自性、所系属的界、地等各种门类的分别,如同《百法疏》中所述。这里已经略微辨说了,不再繁琐地展开。 已经说了根本六烦恼(mūlakleśa,根本烦恼)的相状,那么诸随烦恼(upakleśa,随烦恼)的相状又是如何呢?颂曰: