Chinese
得。后坐法要五月十五日也 问。安居中有父母师偻病诸难。破安居去。有罪不 答。无罪。但是破安居可 问。一人说竟。为众都竟名自恣竟耶 一人三说竟白羯磨竟。应遮非比丘 问。加缔那衣时得不受残食及长钵不 答。不受残食。不得受长钵 问。后安居亦有一月时不 答。同有 问。若犯四重戒故在不 答。戒故在 问。欲时不得楷露刑人。若得含勒得相楷不 答。得 问。得受毡作尼师檀不 答 得 问。若优婆塞犯同四重得出家不 答。得与出家 问。若贵人不肯从比丘。三自归可得像前自受不 答。得 问。若隔慢与女人受戒得不 答。若闻声得 问。次戒虽欲受戒羯磨时不能专心听。又不解羯磨。当得戒不 答。得下品戒 问。沙弥无和上。一人得与受戒不 前人得我师。得师罪 问。沙弥遥请和上受十戒。得戒不答。得戒 问。授沙弥戒时不求和上。得不 答。不须求 问。先以授三归戒后受八戒时。不说前三归总后说三归得不 答。不得□□尽前三归 问。尼应白僧。自恣已还房。尼得从自恣人游受不 答。应更集僧受 问。二三尼共住亦应受八敬法不 答。受六法。尼不作本事。直大僧中受大戒得戒不 答。不得戒。异部有得处 问。尼僧不羯磨。差人直遣从比丘受八敬法得不 答。不得。 要应羯磨。比丘僧中受六法。尼戒得不 答。得 问。尼界内独宿得何罪 答。若界内有余尼而别房宿犯偷兰罪。若界内都无尼僧伽婆尸沙 问。若一比丘尼僧中为六法。尼作羯磨。得戒不 答。不得 问。比丘授沙弥尼戒。而尼作和上。得戒不 答。得 问。若不受六法便与大戒。得不 答。不得戒 问。若受六法而不二岁。便受大戒。得戒不 答。前人得戒。僧得罪 问。中衣作大衣。受得着入聚落不 答。贫不能得总。中衣受作大衣得无罪。若曼不得入 问。直缝衣得受持不 答。不能。好受亦无罪 问。求和上时不捉足得不 答。随安□不必须捉 问。界内有比丘。得向沙弥说净不 答。向不得。余部律中得 问。释比丘得心念口言。结安居不 答。得 问。若独安居云何说 答。如常共人说法。若先受三十九夜。尽复得受七日不 答。得 问。小比丘得暂就二和上得一二宿不 答。和上遣行彼无好师无罪 问。律中云。无惭无愧比丘独食净。何名无惭无愧 答。犯四重名无惭无愧 问。亡比丘卧缛长床钱米谷应分不 答。卧缛长床小床不应分。在重物中。钱米入僧食用。不应分 问。若贵人别请十人。给钱米作食。若长得分不 答。得分 问。终身药已受着器中。白中衣捉物不更受而服。犯何罪 答。不须 现代汉语译本 问：应该按照羯磨（Karma，佛教术语，意为‘业’）的程序，在比丘僧团中接受六法（Siksa-mana，式叉摩那，指出家女众在正式受比丘尼戒前，需要遵守的六项戒律）。尼姑是否能因此得到戒律？答：能。 问：尼姑在戒律规定的范围（尼界）内独自睡觉，会犯什么罪？答：如果在尼界内还有其他尼姑，而她独自在别的房间睡觉，就犯偷兰罪（Sthullatyaya，一种较轻的罪过）。如果尼界内完全没有尼姑，就犯僧伽婆尸沙（Sanghavasesa，僧残，一种较重的罪过）。 问：如果由一位比丘在比丘尼僧团中为一位要受六法的尼姑做羯磨，这位尼姑能得到戒律吗？答：不能。 问：如果比丘传授沙弥尼（Sramaneri，见习女尼）戒，而尼姑作为和尚（Upadhyaya，亲教师），这样能得到戒律吗？答：能。 问：如果不接受六法就授予大戒（比丘尼戒），能得到戒律吗？答：不能得到戒律。 问：如果接受了六法，但不到两年就接受大戒，能得到戒律吗？答：接受戒律的人能得到戒律，但僧团有罪。 问：将中衣（Antarvasa，内衣）改制成大衣（Sanghati，僧伽梨，大衣），受持后可以穿着进入村落吗？答：如果贫穷无法得到总衣（指全套僧衣），将中衣改制成大衣是可以的，没有罪过。但如果不是因为贫穷，就不可以进入村落。 问：用直线缝制的衣服可以受持吗？答：不可以。如果已经很好地受持了，也没有罪过。 问：在请求和尚时，不触摸他的脚可以吗？答：可以随顺情况，不一定必须触摸。 问：在戒律范围内有比丘，可以向沙弥（Sramanera，见习男僧）说净（指告知食物或物品是清净的，可以食用或使用）吗？答：不可以向沙弥说净。其他律部中可以。 问：释迦族比丘可以在心中默念，口中说出，来结夏安居（Varsa，雨季安居）吗？答：可以。 问：如果独自安居，应该怎么说？答：像平常和大家一起说法一样说。如果先前已经接受了三十九个夜晚的安居，结束后还可以再接受七天的安居吗？答：可以。 问：小比丘可以暂时去两位和尚那里，住一两个晚上吗？答：如果和尚派遣他去，而他在那里又没有好的老师，就没有罪过。 问：律中说，‘无惭无愧的比丘独自食用净食’，什么是‘无惭无愧’？答：犯了四重罪（Parajika，波罗夷，最严重的罪过）就叫做‘无惭无愧’。 问：去世的比丘遗留下的卧缛（华丽的褥子）、长床、钱、米、谷物应该分配吗？答：卧缛、长床、小床不应该分配，因为它们属于贵重物品。钱和米应该归僧团使用，不应该分配。 问：如果有贵人特别邀请十位比丘，并提供钱和米作为食物，如果长老（年长的比丘）能多分一份吗？答：可以多分一份。 问：已经接受的终身药，放在容器中，在白衣（在家居士）中拿着东西，不重新接受就服用，犯什么罪？答：不需要重新接受。
English
English version Question: Should one perform Karma (ritual act) to receive the six Dharmas (Siksa-mana, six rules to be observed by female novices before full ordination) in the Bhikkhu Sangha (monk community)? Can a nun obtain the precepts in this way? Answer: Yes. Question: What offense does a nun commit if she sleeps alone within the boundary of the Nuns' Quarter (Ni-kshetra)? Answer: If there are other nuns within the boundary and she sleeps in a separate room, she commits a Sthullatyaya (a minor offense). If there are no nuns at all within the boundary, she commits a Sanghavasesa (a serious offense requiring community penance). Question: If a Bhikkhu (monk) performs Karma for a nun receiving the six Dharmas in the Bhikkhuni Sangha (nun community), does the nun obtain the precepts? Answer: No. Question: If a Bhikkhu gives the Sramaneri (female novice) precepts and the nun acts as the Upadhyaya (preceptor), does she obtain the precepts? Answer: Yes. Question: If one is given the full precepts (Bhikkhuni precepts) without receiving the six Dharmas, does one obtain the precepts? Answer: No, one does not obtain the precepts. Question: If one receives the six Dharmas but receives the full precepts before two years, does one obtain the precepts? Answer: The person receiving the precepts obtains them, but the Sangha commits an offense. Question: Can one alter the Antarvasa (inner robe) into a Sanghati (outer robe) and wear it into a village after receiving it? Answer: If one is too poor to obtain a complete set of robes, altering the Antarvasa into a Sanghati is permissible without offense. However, if it is not due to poverty, one should not enter the village. Question: Can a straight-sewn robe be accepted and worn? Answer: No. If it has already been well-received, there is no offense. Question: Is it permissible not to touch the feet when requesting an Upadhyaya? Answer: It is permissible to follow the situation; touching is not always required. Question: If there is a Bhikkhu within the boundary, can one declare purity (of food or items) to a Sramanera? Answer: One cannot declare purity to a Sramanera. It is permissible in other Vinaya (monastic discipline) schools. Question: Can a Sakyan Bhikkhu mentally contemplate and verbally declare the beginning of the Vassa (rain retreat)? Answer: Yes. Question: If one is observing the Vassa alone, how should one declare it? Answer: Declare it as one would when teaching the Dharma with others. If one has already observed thirty-nine nights, can one observe another seven days after it ends? Answer: Yes. Question: Can a junior Bhikkhu temporarily stay with two Upadhyayas for one or two nights? Answer: If the Upadhyaya sends him and there is no good teacher there, there is no offense. Question: The Vinaya says, 'A shameless Bhikkhu eats pure food alone.' What is meant by 'shameless'? Answer: Committing the four Parajika (defeats, the most severe offenses) is called 'shameless'. Question: Should the ornate bedding, long bed, money, rice, and grains left by a deceased Bhikkhu be distributed? Answer: The ornate bedding, long bed, and small bed should not be distributed because they are valuable items. The money and rice should be used by the Sangha and not distributed. Question: If a noble person specially invites ten Bhikkhus and provides money and rice for food, can the elder (senior Bhikkhu) receive a larger share? Answer: Yes, he can receive a larger share. Question: If one has already received lifelong medicine, placed it in a container, and is holding items among laypeople (white-robed laity), what offense is committed if one takes the medicine without re-receiving it? Answer: There is no need to re-receive it. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
更受。七日药亦如是 问。捉七日饮食药移动。更应受七日。终身已手受未口受。移亦应更受 问。律中云。不得着皮。除摩筏鹿摩筏。鹿皮定着不 答。不得 问。尼依比丘安居。而不在比丘界内。得不 答。不须在比丘界内 问。僧中常等行食上坐。复须教等与不 答。知不须教。若不知应教 问。不嚼杨枝而食有犯不 答。突吉罗 问。尽日障得眠不 答。得 问。长衣离衣宿过一月衣。长钵过十日。阿练若六夜。过七日药有六事舍与。一人向一人悔应还。犯戒比丘从非亲理尼取衣。从非亲理居士居士妇取衣。非亲理居士居士妇与衣。长取劝非亲理居士居士妇置衣。劝织师作衣。与他人还夺取知物与僧回向已。是八事应还财主。向一人悔。余十六事。余尽应舍与僧悔。异部中向一人悔。若入僧物中。是三衣数者必应还。若余衣还者彼比丘亦得取。若不还无罪 问。若出家人贩卖物。如法比丘得受不 答。若于贩卖边随喜心不得受。不生随喜心得受。若知不知能断彼。令不作者不得受。若以不受俱不能令彼断者得受。不如法施僧一切得受 问。若用如法物易彼不如法物。衣食得如法不 答。尽得名如法 问。长床一人不奉胜容四人坐者。虽腊数不同多少尽得共坐不 答。若别坐具别内衣。得通覆共床卧 问。若住 处僧无食。得令比丘乞作不 答。不得。若乞者得罪 问。若住比丘于乞比丘边生随喜心尽不得食。若作方便往索者得受用无罪。若不作方便尽不得为僧乞。唯有十诵律中得为僧乞取。乃至塔寺房舍床褥尽同上 问。比丘得即用死比丘衣覆去不 答。得用一泥洹僧一饭行一覆残衣。亦云三衣中取一覆去 问。若为僧乞食。房舍卧具净人诸众生类者。乃至佛事精舍。尽令比丘往檀越。所言众僧欲散去檀越言。何以散去可随事 答。之少故是名方便 问。若比丘随犯可悔。罪众多无量而忘不忆罪名。欲忏悔时。但于编中得忆罪名者。余同编诸罪悉得除。若都不忆者不得悔。重则兼轻罗 问。若比丘死。净施主比丘应于僧中舍彼死比丘物。已僧乃得作羯磨可。若净施主不舍。僧不得作羯磨。僧亦不得从净施主索。得突吉罗。若净施主不舍与僧者亦得突吉罗 问。若净施主远方。而是比丘于此死。应将比丘物与净施主人同意。比丘使比丘得已还。僧已羯磨。若知净施主持比丘者亦得羯磨不 须求与净施同意比丘 问。百九十二大豆轻重敌十六少钱。此十六小钱盗满此五钱犯波罗夷。羯磨刹沙槃。以金钱流离。作外国直二十大钱。至广州直一两银 问。布萨贼难处。先当闭僧房大门使人守之。若无净人使三四比丘守应与僧欲 问 现代汉语译本 问：如果僧人没有食物，允许比丘去乞讨食物吗？ 答：不允许。如果乞讨，会犯戒。 问：如果居住的比丘对比丘乞讨食物的行为生起随喜心，是否就不能得到食物？如果想办法去索取，可以接受享用而没有罪过吗？如果不采取任何办法，就完全不能为僧众乞讨食物吗？ 答：只有在《十诵律》中允许为僧众乞讨食物。甚至包括塔寺、房舍、床铺等，都与上述情况相同。 问：比丘可以直接用已故比丘的衣服覆盖（尸体）然后离开吗？ 答：可以用一件泥洹僧（nivanasamgha，一种僧衣）、一件饭行衣（用于乞食的衣服）或一件覆盖残破的衣服。也可以从三衣（tricivara，比丘的三件主要僧衣）中取一件来覆盖。 问：如果为了僧众乞讨食物、房舍、卧具、净人（kappiyakaraka，为僧侣处理事务的居士）、各类众生，乃至佛事精舍，都让比丘去告诉檀越（danapati，施主），说众僧将要离散，檀越问：‘为什么要离散？’可以随便回答吗？ 答：因为物资缺少，这可以称为方便（upaya，善巧）。 问：如果比丘所犯的可悔罪众多且无法记清罪名，想要忏悔时，只要在戒本中能够回忆起罪名，那么同一篇章中的其他罪过是否都能消除？如果完全无法回忆，就不能忏悔吗？ 答：重的罪过会连带影响轻的罪过。 问：如果比丘去世，净施主（为比丘提供财务支持的施主）应该在僧众中舍弃已故比丘的财物。僧众才能进行羯磨（kamma，仪式）。如果净施主不舍弃，僧众就不能进行羯磨。僧众也不能向净施主索要，否则会犯突吉罗（dukkhata，一种轻罪）。如果净施主不舍弃给僧众，也会犯突吉罗。 问：如果净施主在远方，而这位比丘在此地去世，应该将比丘的财物交给净施主，并征得净施主的同意。比丘派比丘取回财物后，僧众才能进行羯磨。如果知道净施主支持比丘，也可以进行羯磨吗？ 答：需要征求净施主同意的比丘。 问：一百九十二大豆的重量等于十六小钱。盗窃满五钱就犯波罗夷（parajika，断头罪）。羯磨刹沙槃（karshapana，古印度货币单位）。用金钱、琉璃，在外国价值二十大钱，在广州价值一两银子。 问：在布萨（uposatha，斋戒日）有盗贼的危险时，应该先关闭僧房的大门，派人守护。如果没有净人，就派三四个比丘守护，应该给僧众表达意愿（欲，chanda）吗？
English
English version Question: If a monk has no food, is it permissible for a bhikkhu (monk) to beg for food? Answer: It is not permissible. If one begs, one commits an offense. Question: If a resident bhikkhu develops sympathetic joy (mudita) towards a begging bhikkhu, will he not be able to obtain food? If he devises a way to solicit, can he accept and enjoy it without offense? If he does not devise any means, can he not beg for food for the Sangha (monastic community) at all? Answer: Only in the Dasavargika-vinaya (Ten-Section Vinaya) is it permissible to beg for food for the Sangha. Even stupas (pagodas), monasteries, dwellings, beds, and so on are the same as above. Question: Is it permissible for a bhikkhu to immediately cover (a corpse) with the robe of a deceased bhikkhu and leave? Answer: It is permissible to use one nivanasamgha (undergarment), one alms-round robe, or one covering for tattered robes. Alternatively, one can take one from the tricivara (three robes) to cover it. Question: If one begs for food, dwellings, bedding, kappiyakaraka (one who makes things allowable), all kinds of beings, and even Vihara (monastery) for Buddhist affairs for the Sangha, and all bhikkhus go to the danapati (donor) and say that the Sangha is about to disperse, and the danapati asks, 'Why disperse?' Is it permissible to answer casually? Answer: Because of the lack of resources, this can be called upaya (skillful means). Question: If a bhikkhu has committed many minor offenses (pattaniya) and cannot remember the names of the offenses, when he wants to confess, if he can recall the name of an offense in the Patimokkha (monastic code), will all other offenses in the same section be removed? If he cannot recall any at all, can he not confess? Answer: A serious offense will affect minor offenses. Question: If a bhikkhu dies, the kappiya-karaka (lay supporter) should relinquish the deceased bhikkhu's belongings to the Sangha. Only then can the Sangha perform the kamma (act). If the kappiya-karaka does not relinquish them, the Sangha cannot perform the kamma. The Sangha also cannot demand them from the kappiya-karaka, otherwise, they will commit a dukkata (wrongdoing). If the kappiya-karaka does not relinquish them to the Sangha, he will also commit a dukkata. Question: If the kappiya-karaka is far away, and the bhikkhu dies here, should the bhikkhu's belongings be given to the kappiya-karaka with his consent? After the bhikkhu sends a bhikkhu to retrieve the belongings, can the Sangha perform the kamma? If it is known that the kappiya-karaka supports the bhikkhu, can the kamma be performed? Answer: It is necessary to seek the consent of the bhikkhu who is the kappiya-karaka. Question: The weight of one hundred and ninety-two large beans is equal to sixteen small coins. Stealing five coins constitutes a parajika (defeat). Karshapana (ancient Indian currency unit). With gold coins and lapis lazuli, it is worth twenty large coins in a foreign country, and one tael of silver in Guangzhou. Question: When there is a danger of thieves during uposatha (observance day), the main doors of the monastery should be closed first, and people should be assigned to guard them. If there are no kappiya-karaka, three or four bhikkhus should be assigned to guard them. Should the Sangha be given chanda (consent)? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------