English
English version: Place. Being good to oneself and evil to others. Being overcome by evil laws. Precepts are the place where upholding and violating are based, called 'place'. The general meaning of this passage is that there are differences in their respective appearances. There are five conditions for violating precepts, and turning away from right thought leads to offense. Other precept texts should be interpreted accordingly. The precepts here are named according to their respective subjects. The Second Precept Against Robbing and Stealing from People Sutra: If a Buddha-son steals, even through expedient means, it is a Pārājika offense (fundamental transgression) for a Bodhisattva. Commentary: The first intention of this precept is: to gather through giving, and to widely save sentient beings through the Six Perfections. Stealing destroys giving, resulting in the loss of both self-benefit and benefiting others. The ugliest act in the world is stealing. Because it obstructs practice and widely invites suffering. One should rather give up one's body to avoid this fault. Why tarnish one's reputation in this life and the next for a small amount of wealth? Therefore, first, it is forbidden to harm the dependent environment (living environment), and then it is forbidden to harm the direct reward (oneself). Second, is the explanation of the text. It is also divided into four aspects. First is the 'gate', as the sutra says, from 'stealing oneself' to 'expedient stealing'. Praising and rejoicing in stealing are omitted here, but they should exist in principle. The second 'gate', as mentioned earlier, is the worldly gate. If from the perspective of transcendent precepts, the Mañjuśrī Question Sutra says: If one has the thought of stealing another's property, one commits a Pārājika offense. The object of the boundary, as the sutra says, even the property of ghosts and spirits, must not be stolen. Here, in order to cover important content, it says 'even'. However, there are roughly five types of property with owners: first, the property of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), second, the property belonging to people, third, the property belonging to animals, fourth, the property of ghosts and spirits, and fifth, the property of robbers. The word 'owner' covers all situations before and after. The Saṃghika Vinaya says that if those in charge (those who manage the affairs of the Sangha) use the property of the Three Jewels with each other, the Buddha said that this is a Pārājika offense. The Ratna-Rāśi Sutra says that the property of the Buddha and the Dharma must not be used interchangeably. Because the property of the Buddha and the Dharma has no owner, and there is no one to report to, unlike the property of the Sangha. Permanent monasteries can use property with each other. Bhikshus in charge of affairs can use it with the consent of the Sangha. If the property of the Sangha is used to repair the Buddha's pagoda, if the Sangha does not agree, lay people can be persuaded to repair it. According to this text, the previous Saṃghika Vinaya says that in the case of disharmony in the Sangha, it is considered a serious offense. Mutual use is already like this, let alone stealing with a stealing mind? If so, why does the Nirvana Sutra say that those who steal the Buddha's property, whether they know it or not, commit a Sthūlātyaya offense (medium offense)? Because the Buddha has no attachment to 'mine' for property, so there is no harm. The legend in Han land is based on the Buddha's property without protection, so it is judged as a Sthūlātyaya offense. If there is protected Buddha's property, mutual use is still a serious offense, let alone stealing? Therefore, the Good Life Sutra believes that for those who protect the Buddha's property, stealing the Buddha's property is a serious offense. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。然涅槃经说小乘戒。菩萨不尔。但有主物皆犯重故。凡三宝物难可掌之。制听持犯难可委故。如大集言。佛听二人。一阿罗汉二须陀洹。又有二人。一持戒识知。二畏罪惭愧。然菩萨戒亦用佛物。如瑜伽说。菩萨先于所畜资具。为作净故以净意乐舍与十方诸佛菩萨。见来求者不称道理言此他物耎言发遣。若当正理应作是念。诸佛菩萨无有小物于诸众生而不施者。如是知已取净施物。施来求者令所愿满。由此等教和上云。轨则虽如小乘律说。然如杀生有利应行。诸佛出现皆为兴法。兴法之意皆为众生。兴法利生何所不用。除有染心及无胜利。但小乘戒不得互用。虽佛即法违施意故。然四分云。供养佛塔食治塔人得食。五分云。若白衣入寺僧不与食便起嫌心。佛言应与。又僧祇云。若损者益者应与。十诵供给王大臣贼。小乘狭小犹见损益。何况大乘不可一定。问十诵云。偷佛舍利净心供养。自作念言。于彼亦师于我亦师。如是意者不犯。若盗卖者犯罪。何故盗法律中结重。法亦师故。答佛得遥申敬。法对方生解。然菩萨戒知彼不用。净心盗学理应无犯。知障彼善。盗佛亦重。问瑜伽俱舍云劫夺僧物破僧同类。何故大集盗僧物者罪过五逆。方等经云四重五逆我亦能救。盗僧物者我所不救。答所望各别。破僧暂时。且现前僧 { "translations": [ "现代汉语译本：", "然而《涅槃经》（Nirvana Sutra）所说的是小乘戒律。菩萨并非如此，只要是属于他人的东西，都犯了重罪。一般来说，三宝（佛、法、僧）之物难以管理，制定允许和禁止的规定也很难周全。正如《大集经》（Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra）所说，佛允许两种人管理：一是阿罗汉（Arhat，已证悟的圣者），二是须陀洹（Srotaāpanna，已入流者）。还有两种人：一是持戒且有辨识能力的人，二是畏惧罪过且有惭愧心的人。然而，菩萨戒也使用佛物。如《瑜伽师地论》（Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra）所说，菩萨首先对于自己所拥有的资具，为了使其清净，以清净的意乐布施给十方诸佛菩萨。见到前来乞求的人，如果不合道理，就用委婉的言语说‘这是他人的东西’来打发他们。如果合乎正理，就应当这样想：诸佛菩萨没有一样微小的东西而不布施给众生的。像这样知道后，就取用已经清净的布施之物，施舍给前来乞求的人，使他们愿望满足。", "根据这些教义，和尚说，行为准则虽然如小乘律所说，但如果杀生有利，也应该去做。诸佛出现都是为了弘扬佛法，弘扬佛法的目的是为了众生。弘扬佛法利益众生，有什么不能用的呢？除非有染污的心以及没有利益。但是小乘戒律不得互相混用，即使是佛也不行，因为违背了布施的本意。然而，《四分律》（Dharmaguptaka Vinaya）说，供养佛塔的食物可以给修缮佛塔的人吃。《五分律》（Mahīśāsaka Vinaya）说，如果白衣进入寺庙，僧人不给食物，他们就会心生嫌隙，佛说应该给。《僧祇律》（Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya）说，对于损坏寺庙的人和有益于寺庙的人，都应该给。 《十诵律》（Sarvāstivāda Vinaya）允许供给国王、大臣和盗贼。小乘戒律如此狭隘，尚且知道损益，何况大乘戒律，不可一概而论。", "问：《十诵律》说，偷盗佛舍利，以清净心供养，自己心想：‘对于他们，我也是老师；对于我，他们也是老师。’像这样的意念，不犯戒。如果盗卖，就犯戒。为什么盗戒在法律中被判为重罪，因为佛法也是老师的缘故？", "答：对于佛，可以通过遥远的方式表达敬意；对于法，可以通过相对的方式产生理解。然而，菩萨戒知道对方不会使用，以清净心盗取学习，按道理应该没有罪过。如果知道会障碍对方的善行，盗取佛物也是重罪。", "问：《瑜伽师地论》和《俱舍论》（Abhidharmakośa）说，劫夺僧物会破坏僧团的和谐。为什么《大集经》说盗取僧物的人罪过超过五逆罪（matricide, patricide, Arhat-slaying, wounding a Buddha, and creating schism in the Sangha）？《方等经》（Vaipulya Sutra）说，四重罪（killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and lying）和五逆罪我都能救，盗取僧物的人我不能救？", "答：所期望的不同。破坏僧团只是暂时的，而且是针对眼前的僧团。", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",