English
English version: A man and a woman. The union of these two can produce all things, animate and inanimate. Later, when they separate and return to their original place, this is called Nirvana. Therefore, the Nigantha (Nigantha - a Jain ascetic) teachers say that the union of man and woman produces all things and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: Which Tirthika (Tirthika - a generic term for non-Buddhist ascetics) says that the path of realizing the truth is the cause of Nirvana? Answer: The fourteenth Tirthika, the Samkhya (Samkhya - one of the six major schools of Hindu philosophy) teachers, say that Prakriti (Prakriti - primordial substance), the self-nature of the twenty-five Tattvas (Tattvas - principles or elements of reality), is the cause of the production of all beings and is the cause of Nirvana. Prakriti is eternal, therefore from Prakriti is produced Mahat (Mahat - the great principle), from Mahat is produced Ahamkara (Ahamkara - ego or self-consciousness), from Ahamkara is produced Buddhi (Buddhi - intellect or reason), from Buddhi are produced the five Tanmatras (Tanmatras - subtle elements), from the five Tanmatras are produced the five Jnana-indriyas (Jnana-indriyas - sense organs), from the five Jnana-indriyas are produced the five Karma-indriyas (Karma-indriyas - organs of action), from the five Karma-indriyas are produced the five Mahabhutas (Mahabhutas - gross elements). Therefore, it is said in the treatise that whichever way one practices the twenty-five Tattvas, truly knowing that everything arises from Prakriti and returns to Prakriti, one can be liberated from all birth and death and attain Nirvana. All beings arise from Prakriti. Therefore, the Samkhya Tirthikas say that Prakriti is eternal, able to produce all Dharmas (Dharmas - phenomena or elements of existence), and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: Which Tirthika says that the joint union of the agent and the object is Nirvana? Answer: The fifteenth Tirthika, the Maheshvara (Maheshvara - a name for Shiva) teachers, say this: the fruit (Phala) is made by Narayana (Narayana - a name for Vishnu), and Brahma (Brahma - the creator god) is the cause (Hetu). Maheshvara is one entity with three aspects, namely Brahma, Narayana, and Maheshvara. The earth (Prithvi) is the place of reliance, and the lord of the earth is the Maheshvara Deva. In the three realms (Triloka), all things, animate and inanimate, are born from Maheshvara Deva. The body of Maheshvara is: space (Akasha) is the head, earth is the body, water (Ap) is urine, mountains (Parvata) are feces, all beings are worms in the belly, wind (Vayu) is life, fire (Agni) is warmth, and sin and merit are karma. These eight are the body of Maheshvara. Ishvara (Ishvara - the supreme lord) is the cause of birth and death. Everything is born from Ishvara and ceases from Ishvara, and this is called Nirvana. Therefore, the Maheshvara teachers say that Ishvara is eternal, producing all things, and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: Which Tirthika says that all things arise naturally and this is Nirvana? Answer: The sixteenth Tirthika, the Ahetuvada (Ahetuvada - the doctrine of no cause) teachers, say this: No --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
因无缘生一切物。无染因无净因。我论中说。如棘刺针无人作。孔雀等种种画色皆无人作。自然而有不从因生名为涅槃。是故无因论师说。自然是常生一切物。是涅槃因。 问曰。何等外道说诸物皆是时作名涅槃。 答曰。第十七外道时散论师作如是说时熟一切大。时作一切物。时散一切物。是故我论中说。如被百箭射时不到不死。时到则小草触即死。一切物时生。一切物时熟。一切物时灭。时不可过。是故时论师说。时是常生一切物。名涅槃因。 问曰。何等外道说见有物名涅槃。 答曰。第十八外道服水论师作如是说。水是万物根本。水能生天地。生有命无命一切物。下至阿鼻地狱上至阿迦尼吒天。皆水为主。水能生物。水能坏物。名为涅槃。是故外道服水论师说。水是常名涅槃因。 问曰。何等外道说见无物名涅槃因。答曰。第十九外道口力论师说。虚空是万物因。最初生虚空。从虚空生风。从风生火。从火生暖。暖生水。水即冻凌坚作地。从地生种种药草。从种种药草生五谷。从五谷生命。是故我论中说。命者是食后时还没。虚空名涅槃。是故外道口力论师说。虚空是常。名涅槃因。 问曰。何等外道说见有无物是涅槃因。 答曰。第二十外道本生安荼论师说。 现代汉语译本：因为没有产生一切事物的‘缘’（hetu，原因），没有染污的‘因’（hetu，原因），也没有清净的‘因’（hetu，原因）。我的理论中说，就像荆棘上的刺不是人制造的，孔雀等各种各样的彩色图案都不是人制造的，自然而有，不从‘因’（hetu，原因）产生，这叫做‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）。所以，无因论师说，自然是永恒的，产生一切事物，是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）。 问：什么样的外道说一切事物都是时间制造的，这叫做‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）？ 答：第十七种外道，时间散论师，这样说：时间成熟一切‘大’（maha，要素），时间制造一切事物，时间消散一切事物。所以我的理论中说，就像被一百支箭射中，时间不到就不会死，时间到了，即使被小草碰到也会死。一切事物由时间产生，一切事物由时间成熟，一切事物由时间灭亡，时间不可超越。所以，时间论师说，时间是永恒的，产生一切事物，是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）。 问：什么样的外道说看见有形之物就是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）？ 答：第十八种外道，服水论师，这样说：水是万物的根本，水能产生天地，产生有生命和无生命的一切事物，下至‘阿鼻地狱’（Avici hell，无间地狱），上至‘阿迦尼吒天’（Akanistha heaven，色界顶天），都以水为主。水能产生事物，水能毁灭事物，这叫做‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）。所以，外道服水论师说，水是永恒的，是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）。 问：什么样的外道说看见无形之物就是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）？ 答：第十九种外道，口力论师说：虚空是万物的‘因’（hetu，原因）。最初产生虚空，从虚空产生风，从风产生火，从火产生暖，暖产生水，水冻结凝固成土地，从土地产生各种各样的药草，从各种各样的药草产生五谷，从五谷产生生命。所以我的理论中说，生命是饭后一时辰就消失的东西，虚空叫做‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）。所以，外道口力论师说，虚空是永恒的，是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）。 问：什么样的外道说看见有和无之物是‘涅槃’（Nirvana，解脱）的‘因’（hetu，原因）？ 答：第二十种外道，本生安荼论师说。
English
English version: Because there is no 'hetu' (cause) for the arising of all things, no defiled 'hetu' (cause), and no pure 'hetu' (cause). In my theory, it is said that just as the thorns on a bramble are not made by anyone, and the various colored patterns of peacocks and the like are not made by anyone, they exist naturally, not arising from a 'hetu' (cause). This is called 'Nirvana' (liberation). Therefore, the proponents of causelessness say that nature is eternal, gives rise to all things, and is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation). Question: What kind of non-Buddhist says that all things are made by time, and this is called 'Nirvana' (liberation)? Answer: The seventeenth non-Buddhist, the Time-Scatterer, says this: Time ripens all 'mahas' (elements), time makes all things, and time scatters all things. Therefore, in my theory, it is said that just as one may not die even when shot by a hundred arrows if the time has not come, but one may die even from being touched by a small blade of grass when the time has come. All things arise from time, all things ripen from time, and all things perish from time. Time cannot be surpassed. Therefore, the proponents of time say that time is eternal, gives rise to all things, and is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation). Question: What kind of non-Buddhist says that seeing tangible things is 'Nirvana' (liberation)? Answer: The eighteenth non-Buddhist, the Water-Worshiper, says this: Water is the root of all things. Water can produce heaven and earth, and all things, both sentient and insentient. From the 'Avici hell' (uninterrupted hell) to the 'Akanistha heaven' (the highest heaven in the Realm of Form), water is the master. Water can produce things, and water can destroy things. This is called 'Nirvana' (liberation). Therefore, the non-Buddhist Water-Worshiper says that water is eternal and is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation). Question: What kind of non-Buddhist says that seeing intangible things is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation)? Answer: The nineteenth non-Buddhist, the Mouth-Power Proponent, says: Space is the 'hetu' (cause) of all things. First, space arises. From space, wind arises. From wind, fire arises. From fire, warmth arises. Warmth produces water. Water freezes and solidifies into earth. From earth, various medicinal herbs arise. From various medicinal herbs, the five grains arise. From the five grains, life arises. Therefore, in my theory, it is said that life is something that disappears one 'muhurta' (a unit of time) after eating. Space is called 'Nirvana' (liberation). Therefore, the non-Buddhist Mouth-Power Proponent says that space is eternal and is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation). Question: What kind of non-Buddhist says that seeing both tangible and intangible things is the 'hetu' (cause) of 'Nirvana' (liberation)? Answer: The twentieth non-Buddhist, the Original-Birth Andha Proponent, says: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
本无日月星辰虚空及地。唯有大水。时大安荼生如鸡子周匝金色时熟。破为二段。一段在上作天。一段在下作地。彼二中间生梵天名一切众生祖公。作一切有命无命物。如是有命无命等物散没。彼处名涅槃。是故外道安荼论师说。大安荼出生梵天是常。名涅槃因。 提婆菩萨释楞伽经中外道小乘涅槃论 现代汉语译本： 最初没有日月星辰、虚空和大地，只有一片汪洋。当时，一个巨大的安荼（Aṇḍa，卵）诞生，形状像鸡蛋，周围呈现金色，时机成熟后破裂为两段。上面的一段形成了天，下面的一段形成了地。这两段之间诞生了梵天（Brahmā），他被称为一切众生的祖先，创造了一切有生命和无生命的物体。这些有生命和无生命的物体最终消散于一处，那个地方被称为涅槃（Nirvāṇa）。因此，外道安荼论师说，巨大的安荼生出了梵天，梵天是永恒的，是涅槃的原因。 提婆菩萨在《楞伽经》中对外道和小乘的涅槃理论进行了评述。
English
English version: In the beginning, there were no sun, moon, stars, space, or earth; there was only a vast expanse of water. At that time, a great Aṇḍa (egg) was born, shaped like a chicken egg and golden all around. When the time was ripe, it broke into two parts. The upper part formed the heavens, and the lower part formed the earth. Between these two parts, Brahmā (the creator god) was born, known as the ancestor of all beings, who created all animate and inanimate objects. These animate and inanimate objects eventually dispersed and disappeared in a place called Nirvāṇa (liberation). Therefore, the heretical Aṇḍa philosophers say that the great Aṇḍa gave birth to Brahmā, who is eternal and the cause of Nirvāṇa. Deva Bodhisattva's commentary on the Nirvāṇa theories of heretics and the Hinayana in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------