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t32n1640 deva bodhisattva explanation of nirvana theory of heretics hinayana in lankavatara sutra.g2.0f

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Chinese

大正藏第 32 册 No. 1640 提婆菩萨释楞伽经中外道小乘涅槃论   No. 1640   提婆菩萨释楞伽经中外道小乘涅槃论   提波菩萨造   后魏北印度三藏菩提流支译   问曰。何者外道所谓涅槃。   答曰。外道所说涅槃有二十种。是诸外道等虚妄分别。如是等因能生六道。如来为遮是等邪见故说涅槃因果正义。何等二十。一者小乘外道论师。二者方论师。三者风论师。四者违陀论师。五者伊赊那论师。六者裸形外道论师。七者毗世师论师。八者苦行论师。九者女人眷属论师。十者行苦行论师。十一者净眼论师。十二者摩陀罗论师。十三者尼犍子论师。十四者僧佉论师。十五者摩醯首罗论师。十六者无因论师。十七者时论师。十八者服水论师。十九者口力论师。二十者本生安荼论师。   问曰。何者外道说诸受阴尽如灯火灭种坏风止名涅槃。答曰。第一小乘外道论师说。   问曰。何等外道说方名涅槃。答曰。第二外道方论师说。最初生诸方。从诸方生世间人。从人生天地。天地灭没还入彼处名为涅槃。是故方论师说方是常名涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说风为涅槃因。答曰。第三外道风仙论师说。风能生长命物能杀命物。风造万物能坏万物。名 现代汉语译本 提婆菩萨释《楞伽经》中外道小乘涅槃论 提婆菩萨 造 后魏北印度三藏菩提流支 译 问:什么样的涅槃是外道所说的涅槃? 答:外道所说的涅槃有二十种。这些外道等都是虚妄分别。像这些因能生六道。如来为了遮止这些邪见,所以说了涅槃的因果正义。哪二十种呢?一是小乘外道论师,二是方论师,三是风论师,四是违陀(Veda,吠陀)论师,五是伊赊那(Ishana,自在天)论师,六是裸形外道论师,七是毗世师(Vaisheshika,胜论)论师,八是苦行论师,九是女人眷属论师,十是行苦行论师,十一是净眼论师,十二是摩陀罗(Matara,母神)论师,十三是尼犍子(Nigantha,耆那教)论师,十四是僧佉(Samkhya,数论)论师,十五是摩醯首罗(Maheshvara,大自在天)论师,十六是无因论师,十七是时论师,十八是服水论师,十九是口力论师,二十是本生安荼(Andha, অন্ধ, 盲)论师。 问:什么样的外道说诸受阴灭尽,就像灯火熄灭,种子坏烂,风停止一样,叫做涅槃? 答:第一种小乘外道论师这样说。 问:什么样的外道说方(空间)是涅槃? 答:第二种外道方论师这样说。最初产生诸方,从诸方产生世间人,从人产生天地。天地灭没后还入彼处,叫做涅槃。所以方论师说方是常,是涅槃的因。 问:什么样的外道说风是涅槃的因? 答:第三种外道风仙论师这样说。风能生长命物,能杀死命物。风创造万物,能破坏万物。

English

English version Treatise on Nirvana According to Heretical and Hinayana Schools in the *Lankavatara Sutra*, Explained by Bodhisattva Deva Composed by Bodhisattva Deva Translated by Tripitaka Bodhiruchi from Northern India of the Later Wei Dynasty Question: What kind of Nirvana is described by the heretics? Answer: The Nirvana described by the heretics is of twenty kinds. These heretics and others engage in false discriminations. Such causes can generate the six realms of existence. The Tathagata, in order to prevent these heretical views, explained the correct meaning of the causes and effects of Nirvana. What are the twenty? First, the Hinayana heretical theorists; second, the space theorists; third, the wind theorists; fourth, the Veda (违陀) theorists; fifth, the Ishana (伊赊那) theorists; sixth, the naked ascetic heretical theorists; seventh, the Vaisheshika (毗世师) theorists; eighth, the ascetic theorists; ninth, the women and retinue theorists; tenth, the practitioners of asceticism theorists; eleventh, the pure eye theorists; twelfth, the Matara (摩陀罗) theorists; thirteenth, the Nigantha (尼犍子) theorists; fourteenth, the Samkhya (僧佉) theorists; fifteenth, the Maheshvara (摩醯首罗) theorists; sixteenth, the causeless theorists; seventeenth, the time theorists; eighteenth, the water-drinking theorists; nineteenth, the oral power theorists; twentieth, the Andha (安荼) by birth theorists. Question: What kind of heretics say that the exhaustion of all skandhas of sensation, like the extinguishing of a lamp, the decay of a seed, and the cessation of wind, is called Nirvana? Answer: The first kind, the Hinayana heretical theorists, say this. Question: What kind of heretics say that space is Nirvana? Answer: The second kind, the space theorists, say this. Initially, all directions are produced; from all directions, the people of the world are produced; from people, heaven and earth are produced. When heaven and earth are destroyed, they return to that place, which is called Nirvana. Therefore, the space theorists say that space is constant and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: What kind of heretics say that wind is the cause of Nirvana? Answer: The third kind, the wind-immortal theorists, say this. Wind can grow living beings, and wind can kill living beings. Wind creates all things and can destroy all things. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chinese

风为涅槃。是故风仙论师说风为常是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说梵天是涅槃因。答曰。第四外道围陀论师说。从那罗延天脐中生大莲华。从莲华生梵天祖公。彼梵天作一切命。无命物从梵天口中生。婆罗门两臂中生。刹利两髀中生。毗舍从两脚跟生。首陀一切大地。是修福德戒场生一切华草。以为供养。化作山野禽兽人中猪羊驴马等。于界场中杀害供养梵天。得生彼处名涅槃。是故违陀论师说梵天名常是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说不见分别见常无常是涅槃。答曰。第五外道伊赊那论师眷属作如是说。伊赊那论师尊者形相不可见遍一切处。以无形相而能生诸有命无命一切万物。名为涅槃。是故伊赊那论师眷属作如是说。伊赊那是常名涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道。分别见种种异相名涅槃。答曰。第六裸形外道论师说。   问曰。何等外道说见一切法自相同相名涅槃。答曰。第七外道毗世师论师作如是说。谓地水火风虚空微尘物功德业胜等十种法常故。和合而生一切世间知无知物。从二微尘次第生一切法。无彼者无和合者。无和合者即是离散。散者即是涅槃。是故毗世师论师说。微尘是常能生一切物。是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说身尽福德尽名为涅槃。答曰。第八苦行论师说。    问曰。何等外道说自性人命转变名涅槃。   答曰。第九外道女人眷属论师说。摩醯首罗作八女人。一名阿提𠊷。二名提𠊷。三名苏罗婆。四名毗那多。五名迦毗罗。六名摩㝹。七名伊罗。八名歌头。阿提𠊷生诸天。提𠊷作阿修罗。苏罗婆生诸龙。毗那多生诸鸟。迦毗罗生四足。摩㝹生人。伊罗生一切谷子。歌头生一切蛇蝎蚊虻蝇蚤蚰蜒百足等。如是知者名为涅槃。是故女人眷属论师说。女人是常名涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说罪福尽德亦尽故名涅槃。   答曰。第十外道行苦行论师说。   问曰。何等外道说烦恼尽故依智名涅槃。   答曰。第十一外道净眼论师作如是说。   问曰。何等外道说见自在天造作众生名涅槃。   答曰。第十二外道摩陀罗论师言。那罗延论师说。我造一切物。我于一切众生中最胜。我生一切世间有命无命物。我是一切山中大须弥山王。我是一切水中大海。我是一切药中谷。我是一切仙人中迦毗罗牟尼。若人至心以水草华果供养我。我不失彼人。彼人不失我。摩陀罗论师说。那罗延论师言。一切物从我作生。还没彼处名为涅槃。是故名常。是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说众生递共因生名涅槃。   答曰。第十三外道尼犍子论师作如是说。初生一 现代汉语译本 问:哪些外道认为,自性、人命转变就叫做涅槃(Nirvana)? 答:第九种外道,女人眷属论师说:摩醯首罗(Maheshvara,大自在天)创造了八个女人。第一个叫阿提𠊷(Atik),第二个叫提𠊷(Tik),第三个叫苏罗婆(Surobha),第四个叫毗那多(Vinata),第五个叫迦毗罗(Kapila),第六个叫摩㝹(Manu),第七个叫伊罗(Ila),第八个叫歌头(Kadru)。阿提𠊷生了诸天,提𠊷创造了阿修罗(Asura),苏罗婆生了诸龙,毗那多生了诸鸟,迦毗罗生了四足动物,摩㝹生了人,伊罗生了一切谷物,歌头生了一切蛇、蝎、蚊、虻、蝇、蚤、蚰蜒、百足等。像这样了解的人就叫做涅槃。所以女人眷属论师说,女人是常,是涅槃的原因。 问:哪些外道认为,罪和福都穷尽,德行也穷尽,就叫做涅槃? 答:第十种外道,行苦行论师这样认为。 问:哪些外道认为,烦恼穷尽,依靠智慧就叫做涅槃? 答:第十一种外道,净眼论师这样说。 问:哪些外道认为,看见自在天(Ishvara)创造众生就叫做涅槃? 答:第十二种外道,摩陀罗(Madhara)论师说:那罗延(Narayana)论师说,‘我创造一切事物。我在一切众生中最为殊胜。我创造一切世间有生命和无生命的物体。我是一切山中的大须弥山王(Sumeru)。我是一切水中的大海。我是一切药物中的谷物。我是一切仙人中的迦毗罗牟尼(Kapila Muni)。如果有人至诚地用水、草、花、果供养我,我不会舍弃这个人,这个人也不会舍弃我。’摩陀罗论师说:那罗延论师说,‘一切事物从我这里产生,最终又回到我这里,这叫做涅槃。’所以说是常,是涅槃的原因。 问:哪些外道认为,众生互相递相为因产生,就叫做涅槃? 答:第十三种外道,尼犍子(Nigantha)论师这样说:最初产生一

English

English version Question: Which heretics say that the transformation of self-nature and human life is called Nirvana? Answer: The ninth heretic, the Woman Retinue Philosopher, says: Maheshvara (the Great Lord) created eight women. The first is called Atik, the second is called Tik, the third is called Surobha, the fourth is called Vinata, the fifth is called Kapila, the sixth is called Manu, the seventh is called Ila, and the eighth is called Kadru. Atik gave birth to the Devas (gods), Tik created the Asuras (demons), Surobha gave birth to the Nagas (dragons), Vinata gave birth to the birds, Kapila gave birth to the quadrupeds, Manu gave birth to humans, Ila gave birth to all grains, and Kadru gave birth to all snakes, scorpions, mosquitoes, gadflies, flies, fleas, centipedes, millipedes, etc. Those who understand this are called Nirvana. Therefore, the Woman Retinue Philosopher says that woman is eternal and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: Which heretics say that the exhaustion of sins and merits, and also the exhaustion of virtues, is called Nirvana? Answer: The tenth heretic, the Ascetic Practice Philosopher, says this. Question: Which heretics say that the exhaustion of afflictions, relying on wisdom, is called Nirvana? Answer: The eleventh heretic, the Pure Eye Philosopher, says this. Question: Which heretics say that seeing Ishvara (the自在天, the自在天) creating sentient beings is called Nirvana? Answer: The twelfth heretic, the Madhara Philosopher, says: Narayana (那罗延) Philosopher says, 'I create all things. I am the most superior among all sentient beings. I create all living and non-living things in the world. I am the Great Sumeru (须弥山) Mountain King among all mountains. I am the Great Ocean among all waters. I am the grain among all medicines. I am Kapila Muni (迦毗罗牟尼) among all immortals. If someone sincerely offers me water, grass, flowers, and fruits, I will not abandon that person, and that person will not abandon me.' The Madhara Philosopher says: Narayana Philosopher says, 'All things arise from me and eventually return to me, this is called Nirvana.' Therefore, it is said to be eternal and is the cause of Nirvana. Question: Which heretics say that sentient beings arise from each other as causes, is called Nirvana? Answer: The thirteenth heretic, the Nigantha (尼犍子) Philosopher, says this: Initially, one arises. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chinese

男共一女。彼二和合能生一切有命无命等物。后时离散还没彼处名为涅槃。是故尼犍子论师说。男女和合生一切物。名涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说证谛道名涅槃因。   答曰。第十四外道僧佉论师说。二十五谛自性因生诸众生是涅槃因。自性是常故从自性生大。从大生意。从意生智。从智生五分。从五分生五知根。从五知根生五业根。从五业根生五大。是故论中说。随何等何等性修行二十五谛。如实知从自性生还入自性能离一切生死得涅槃。如是从自性生一切众生。是故外道僧佉说。自性是常能生诸法。是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说有作所作而共和合名涅槃。   答曰。第十五外道摩醯首罗论师作如是说。果是那罗延所作。梵天是因。摩醯首罗一体三分。所谓梵天那罗延摩醯首罗。地是依处。地主是摩醯首罗天。于三界中所有一切命非命物。皆是摩醯首罗天生。摩醯首罗身者。虚空是头。地是身。水是尿。山是粪。一切众生是腹中虫。风是命。火是暖。罪福是业。是八种是摩醯首罗身。自在天是生灭因。一切从自在天生。从自在天灭。名为涅槃。是故摩醯首罗论师说。自在天常生一切物。是涅槃因。   问曰。何等外道说一切物自然而生名涅槃。答曰。第十六外道无因论师作如是说。无 现代汉语译本:一个男人和一个女人。他们两个结合能够产生一切有生命和无生命的物体。之后,当他们分离并返回到原来的地方时,这被称为涅槃(Nirvana)。因此,尼犍子(Nigantha)论师说,男女结合产生一切事物,是涅槃的原因。 问:什么样的外道(Tirthika)说,证悟真谛的道路是涅槃的原因? 答:第十四种外道,僧佉(Samkhya)论师说,二十五谛(twenty-five Tattvas)的自性(Prakriti)是产生所有众生的原因,是涅槃的原因。自性是永恒的,因此从自性产生大(Mahat),从大产生意(Ahamkara),从意产生智(Buddhi),从智产生五分(Tanmatras),从五分产生五知根(Jnana-indriyas),从五知根产生五业根(Karma-indriyas),从五业根产生五大(Mahabhutas)。因此,论中说,无论以何种方式修行二十五谛,如实地了解一切从自性产生,并返回到自性,就能脱离一切生死,获得涅槃。一切众生都是从自性产生的。因此,外道僧佉说,自性是永恒的,能够产生一切法(Dharma),是涅槃的原因。 问:什么样的外道说,有作者和被作者共同结合是涅槃? 答:第十五种外道,摩醯首罗(Maheshvara)论师这样说:果(Phala)是那罗延(Narayana)所作,梵天(Brahma)是因(Hetu)。摩醯首罗是一体三分,即梵天、那罗延和摩醯首罗。地(Prithvi)是依靠之处,地主是摩醯首罗天。在三界(Triloka)中,所有一切有生命和无生命的物体,都是摩醯首罗天所生。摩醯首罗的身是:虚空(Akasha)是头,地是身,水(Ap)是尿,山(Parvata)是粪,一切众生是腹中虫,风(Vayu)是命,火(Agni)是暖,罪福是业。这八种是摩醯首罗的身。自在天(Ishvara)是生灭的原因。一切从自在天生,从自在天灭,这被称为涅槃。因此,摩醯首罗论师说,自在天是永恒的,产生一切事物,是涅槃的原因。 问:什么样的外道说,一切事物自然而生是涅槃? 答:第十六种外道,无因论师这样说:无

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