English
English version What is a Middle-Nirvana Pudgala (Pudgala refers to a person)? Answer: Some Pudgalas, in their present life, have already severed the five lower fetters (five lower fetters refer to the five afflictions that bind beings to the desire realm), but have not yet severed the five higher fetters (five higher fetters refer to the five afflictions that bind beings to the form and formless realms). They create and increase karma that produces dissimilar results (dissimilar results karma refers to karma that brings about results of a different nature), rather than karma that produces similar results. When their body breaks and life ends, after the intermediate state arises in the **heaven (**heaven refers to the form realm heavens), they then obtain such undefiled power of the path (undefiled power of the path refers to wisdom that transcends afflictions), further severing the remaining fetters and attaining Nirvana. This is called a Middle-Nirvana Pudgala. Question: Why is it called a Middle-Nirvana Pudgala? Answer: Because these Pudgalas have extremely sharp faculties and extremely thin afflictions, having already transcended the desire realm but not yet reached **, in the middle of this they obtain such undefiled power of the path, further severing the remaining fetters and attaining Nirvana, therefore they are called Middle-Nirvana Pudgalas. What is a Rebirth-Nirvana Pudgala? Answer: Some Pudgalas, in their present life, have already severed and completely understood the five lower fetters, but have not yet severed or completely understood the five higher fetters. They create and increase karma that produces dissimilar results as well as karma that produces similar results. When their body breaks and life ends, after the intermediate state arises in the **heaven (**heaven refers to the form realm heavens), they are reborn in **. Soon after being born, they obtain such undefiled power of the path, further severing the remaining fetters and attaining Nirvana. This is called a Rebirth-Nirvana Pudgala. Question: Why is it called a Rebirth-Nirvana Pudgala? Answer: Because these Pudgalas obtain such undefiled power of the path soon after being born, further severing the remaining fetters and attaining Nirvana, therefore they are called Rebirth-Nirvana Pudgalas. Furthermore, some say that these Pudgalas obtain such undefiled power of the path soon after being born, further severing the remaining fetters, and thereafter abide until the end of their life, only then entering the realm of Nirvana without remainder (Nirvana without remainder refers to the state of complete liberation), therefore they are called Rebirth-Nirvana Pudgalas. What is an Effort-Nirvana Pudgala? Answer: Some Pudgalas, in their present life, have already severed and completely understood the five lower fetters, but have not yet severed or completely understood the five higher fetters. They create and increase karma that produces dissimilar results as well as karma that produces similar results. When their body breaks and life ends, after the intermediate state arises in the **heaven (**heaven refers to the form realm heavens), they are reborn in **. After being born, relying on the path of effort (path of effort refers to the path of practice that requires effort to achieve), with diligent practice, diligent attention, and cultivating the uninterrupted path of application (path of application refers to the preparatory practice for enlightenment), they further sever the remaining fetters and attain Nirvana. This is called an Effort-Nirv --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
槃补特伽罗。问：何故名有行般涅槃补特伽罗？答：由此补特伽罗，依有行道、以有勤行、有勤作意修不息加行道，进断余结而般涅槃故，名有行般涅槃补特伽罗。复次有说，由此补特伽罗，依有为缘定进断余结而般涅槃故，名有行般涅槃补特伽罗。云何无行般涅槃补特伽罗？答：诸有补特伽罗，即于现法五顺下分结已断已遍知、五顺上分结未断未遍知，造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界，生已后时依无行道，以无勤行、无勤作意修止息加行道进断余结，入无余依般涅槃界，是名无行般涅槃补特伽罗。问：何故名无行涅槃补特伽罗？答：由此补特伽罗依无行道，以无勤行、无勤作意修止息加行道，进断余结而般涅槃故，名无行般涅槃补特伽罗。复次有说，由此补特伽罗依无为缘定，进断余结入无余依般涅槃界故，名无行般涅槃补特伽罗。云何上流补特伽罗？答：诸有补特伽罗，即于现法五顺下分结已断已遍知、五顺上分结未断未遍知，乃至现入杂修世俗第四静虑，将命终时退三静虑住初静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界梵众天中。生已后时现入世俗第二静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界 现代汉语译本 有行般涅槃补特伽罗（Pudgala，人）是什么意思？回答：因为这种人依靠有行道，通过努力修行，以专注的意念不停地修习，从而断除剩余的烦恼而入般涅槃（Parinirvana，完全的涅槃），所以称为有行般涅槃补特伽罗。另外一种说法是，因为这种人依靠有为的因缘，通过禅定来断除剩余的烦恼而入般涅槃，所以称为有行般涅槃补特伽罗。 什么是无行般涅槃补特伽罗？回答：有些人，在今生已经断除并完全了解了五顺下分结（五种束缚众生于欲界的烦恼），但尚未断除或完全了解五顺上分结（五种束缚众生于色界和无色界的烦恼），他们造作、增长并引发了带来异熟果报的业，以及产生异熟果报的业。当他们身坏命终时，在**天中有起已往生**，往生之后，依靠无行道，通过不费力的修行，以不费力的意念修习止息加行道，从而断除剩余的烦恼，进入无余依般涅槃界（没有任何剩余的涅槃境界），这就是无行般涅槃补特伽罗。 为什么称为无行般涅槃补特伽罗？回答：因为这种人依靠无行道，通过不费力的修行，以不费力的意念修习止息加行道，从而断除剩余的烦恼而入般涅槃，所以称为无行般涅槃补特伽罗。另外一种说法是，因为这种人依靠无为的因缘，通过禅定来断除剩余的烦恼，进入无余依般涅槃界，所以称为无行般涅槃补特伽罗。 什么叫做上流补特伽罗？回答：有些人，在今生已经断除并完全了解了五顺下分结，但尚未断除或完全了解五顺上分结，乃至已经进入杂修的世俗第四静虑（Dhyana，禅定），在将要命终时，从第三静虑退回到初静虑，临命终时造作、增长并引发了带来异熟果报的业，以及产生异熟果报的业。当他们身坏命终时，在**天中有起已往生**梵众天中。往生之后，他们进入世俗的第二静虑，临命终时造作、增长并引发了带来异熟果报的业，以及产生异熟果报的业。当他们身坏命终时，在**天中有起已往生**。
English
English version What is meant by 'Pudgala (person) who attains Parinirvana (complete Nirvana) with effort'? Answer: Because this Pudgala, relying on the path of effort, through diligent practice, with focused intention, continuously cultivates the path of exertion, thereby severing the remaining fetters and entering Parinirvana, is called 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana with effort'. Furthermore, some say that because this Pudgala, relying on conditioned causes, through Samadhi (meditative absorption), severs the remaining fetters and enters Parinirvana, is called 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana with effort'. What is a 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana without effort'? Answer: Those Pudgalas who, in this present life, have already severed and fully understood the five lower fetters (five fetters that bind beings to the desire realm), but have not yet severed or fully understood the five higher fetters (five fetters that bind beings to the form and formless realms), create, increase, and generate karma that produces ripening results, as well as karma that generates ripening results. When their bodies are destroyed and their lives end, they are **reborn in the intermediate state of the Devas (gods)**, and after being born, relying on the path without effort, through effortless practice, with effortless intention, cultivate the path of cessation, thereby severing the remaining fetters and entering the realm of Nirvana without remainder (the state of Nirvana without any residue). This is called 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana without effort'. Why is it called 'Pudgala who attains Nirvana without effort'? Answer: Because this Pudgala, relying on the path without effort, through effortless practice, with effortless intention, cultivates the path of cessation, thereby severing the remaining fetters and entering Parinirvana, is called 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana without effort'. Furthermore, some say that because this Pudgala, relying on unconditioned causes, through Samadhi, severs the remaining fetters and enters the realm of Nirvana without remainder, is called 'Pudgala who attains Parinirvana without effort'. What is called a 'Pudgala who ascends upwards'? Answer: Those Pudgalas who, in this present life, have already severed and fully understood the five lower fetters, but have not yet severed or fully understood the five higher fetters, and have even entered the mixed cultivation of the mundane fourth Dhyana (meditative state), when about to die, regress from the third Dhyana and abide in the first Dhyana, and at the time of death, create, increase, and generate karma that produces ripening results, as well as karma that generates ripening results. When their bodies are destroyed and their lives end, they are **reborn in the intermediate state of the Devas** in the Brahma (highest god) realm. After being born, they enter the mundane second Dhyana, and at the time of death, create, increase, and generate karma that produces ripening results, as well as karma that generates ripening results. When their bodies are destroyed and their lives end, they are **reborn in the intermediate state of the Devas**. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
光音天中。生已后时现入世俗第三静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界遍净天中。生已后时现入世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界广果天中。生已后时现入下品杂修世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界无烦天中。生已后时现入中品杂修世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界无热天中。生已后时现入上品杂修世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界善现天中。生已后时入上胜品杂修世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界善见天中。生已后时入上上品最极圆满杂修世俗第四静虑，临命终时造作增长起异熟业及生异熟业，身坏命终彼色界天中有起已往生色界色究竟天。生已后时方得如是无漏道力，进断余结入无余依般涅槃界，是名上流补特伽罗。问：何故名上流补特伽罗？答：有二种流，谓生死业及彼烦恼。彼于此二俱未断未遍知，彼由此因及此缘故，上行随行、上流随流故，名上流补特伽罗。复次有作是 现代汉语译本： 在光音天（Ābhāsvara）中，众生出生后，如果进入世俗的第三禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有（antarābhava）之身生起，然后往生到遍净天（Śubhakṛtsna）中。出生后，如果进入世俗的第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到广果天（Bṛhatphala）中。出生后，如果进入下品杂修的世俗第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到无烦天（Avṛha）中。出生后，如果进入中品杂修的世俗第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到无热天（Atapa）中。出生后，如果进入上品杂修的世俗第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到善现天（Sudṛśa）中。出生后，如果进入上胜品杂修的世俗第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到善见天（Sudarśana）中。出生后，如果进入上上品最极圆满杂修的世俗第四禅定，在临命终时造作、增长能引发异熟果报的业，以及能产生异熟果报的业，那么身坏命终后，他们的天中有之身生起，然后往生到色究竟天（Akaniṣṭha）中。出生后，他们才能获得这样的无漏道力，进而断除剩余的烦恼结，进入无余依涅槃界（nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa-dhātu），这被称为上流补特伽罗（ūrdhvasrotaḥ-pudgala）。 问：为什么称为上流补特伽罗？ 答：有两种流，即生死之业和烦恼。他们对于这两种流都未断除、未完全了知。因为这个原因和这个缘故，他们向上行进、随之上流，所以称为上流补特伽罗。还有一种说法是：