English
English version: Those eggs, if the mother does not forget to think of them, will not decay. If those eggs are not thought of by the mother, they will decay. Such things are called Manas-ahara (thought-food, consciousness-food). What is Vijnana-ahara (consciousness-food, perception-food)? Answer: If consciousness with outflows is the condition, it can cause the roots to grow, the four great elements to increase, and it can also moisten, follow the moistening, and even maintain and follow the maintenance; this is called Vijnana-ahara. How is this the case? Answer: As the World Honored One taught in the Phalgunakirti Sutra: 'Phalgunakirti, you should know that Vijnana-ahara can cause the arising of future existence.' Such things are called Vijnana-ahara. The four Vijnana-sthitayah (four abodes of consciousness) are: first, Rupa-vijnana-sthiti (abode of consciousness in form); second, Vedana-vijnana-sthiti (abode of consciousness in feeling); third, Samjna-vijnana-sthiti (abode of consciousness in perception); fourth, Samskara-vijnana-sthiti (abode of consciousness in mental formations). What is Rupa-vijnana-sthiti? Answer: If form is with outflows, in accordance with various attachments, with regard to those forms, whether past, future, or present, either desire arises, or greed, or hatred, or delusion, or in accordance with each and every mental affliction, this is called Rupa-vijnana-sthiti. The abodes of consciousness in feeling, perception, and mental formations are also explained in the same way in detail. The four kinds of craving are: first, some Bhikkhus (monks), Bhikkhunis (nuns), etc., because of craving for clothing, arise when they should arise, abide when they should abide, and grasp when they should grasp. Second, some Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., because of craving for food and drink, arise when they should arise, abide when they should abide, and grasp when they should grasp. Third, some Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., because of craving for bedding, arise when they should arise, abide when they should abide, and grasp when they should grasp. Fourth, some Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., because of craving for existence and non-existence, arise when they should arise, abide when they should abide, and grasp when they should grasp. What is it that Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., because of craving for clothing, arise when they should arise, abide when they should abide, and grasp when they should grasp? Answer: Here, clothing refers to that which is made of wool, or made of Sana (hemp), or made of Ksauma (linen), or made of hemp, or made of Kambala (woolen cloth), or made of silk, or made of cotton, or made of Valka (bark), or made of Kauseya (silk), or made of Tugula (cotton), or made of Ajalandra (leather). Furthermore, clothing refers to the general covering garment, the outer garment, the inner garment, the single skirt, the double skirt, the single armpit covering, the double armpit covering; with regard to such various kinds of clothing, various kinds of greed, and so on. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
执藏防护坚着染爱，是名苾刍苾刍尼等因衣服爱应生时生应住时住应执时执。云何苾刍苾刍尼等因饮食爱，应生时生应住时住应执时执？答此中饮食者，谓五种应啖、五种应食。五种应啖者，一根、二茎、三叶、四花、五果。五种应食者，一饭、二粥、三饼麨、四鱼肉、五羹臛。于如是等种种饮食，诸贪等贪执藏防护坚着染爱，是名苾刍苾刍尼等因饮食爱应生时生应住时住应执时执。云何苾刍苾刍尼等因卧具爱应生时生应住时住应执时执？答：此中卧具者，谓院宇房堂楼阁台观、长廊圆室龛窟厅庌、草叶等庵、土石等穴。又卧具者，谓床座𣰽褥眠单卧被，𣰽㲣緂罽枕褐机橙。于如是等种种卧具，诸贪等贪执藏防护坚着染爱，是名苾刍苾刍尼等因卧具爱应生时生应住时住应执时执。云何苾刍苾刍尼等因有无有爱应生时生应住时住应执时执？答：此中有者，谓五取蕴，即是色受想行识取蕴。无有者，谓此五取蕴当来断灭。如有一类作是念言：“愿我当来五蕴生起。”复有一类作是念言：“愿我死后五蕴断灭。”于有无有，诸贪等贪执藏防护坚着染爱，是名苾刍苾刍尼等因有无有爱应生时生应住时住应执时执。 四不应行而行者，一、贪欲故不应行而行；二、瞋恚故不应行而行；三、愚痴故不应行而行；四、怖畏故不 现代汉语译本： 执着于积聚、守护、坚定地依恋、迷恋和贪爱，这就是比丘（Bhikkhu，男性出家人）、比丘尼（Bhikkhuni，女性出家人）等因为对衣服的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着。什么是比丘、比丘尼等因为对饮食的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着？回答：这里所说的饮食，指的是五种应该咀嚼的食物和五种应该食用的食物。五种应该咀嚼的食物是：一、根，二、茎，三、叶，四、花，五、果。五种应该食用的食物是：一、饭，二、粥，三、饼麨（bǐng chǎo，磨成粉的饼），四、鱼肉，五、羹臛（gēng huò，肉羹）。对于这些种种饮食，产生贪婪、强烈的贪婪、执着于积聚、守护、坚定地依恋、迷恋和贪爱，这就是比丘、比丘尼等因为对饮食的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着。什么是比丘、比丘尼等因为对卧具的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着？回答：这里所说的卧具，指的是院落、房屋、厅堂、楼阁、台榭、长廊、圆形房间、佛龛、厅堂侧面的小屋、草叶等搭建的简陋住所、土石等构成的洞穴。另外，卧具还包括床、座位、坐垫、褥子、单人卧席、卧被，以及毛织坐垫（𣰽㲣）、毛毯（緂）、毛织地毯（罽）、枕头（枕）、粗布（褐）、矮桌（机橙）。对于这些种种卧具，产生贪婪、强烈的贪婪、执着于积聚、守护、坚定地依恋、迷恋和贪爱，这就是比丘、比丘尼等因为对卧具的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着。什么是比丘、比丘尼等因为对有和无有的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着？回答：这里所说的‘有’，指的是五取蕴（pañcupādānakkhandha），也就是色（rūpa）、受（vedanā）、想（saṃjñā）、行（saṃskāra）、识（vijñāna）这五种取蕴。‘无有’指的是这五取蕴将来断灭。比如，有一类人这样想：‘愿我将来五蕴生起。’又有一类人这样想：‘愿我死后五蕴断灭。’对于有和无有，产生贪婪、强烈的贪婪、执着于积聚、守护、坚定地依恋、迷恋和贪爱，这就是比丘、比丘尼等因为对有和无有的爱，应该生起时生起，应该持续时持续，应该执着时执着。 四种不应该做而去做的事情是：一、因为贪欲而不应该做而去做；二、因为嗔恚而不应该做而去做；三、因为愚痴而不应该做而去做；四、因为恐惧而不应该做而去做。
English
English version: Clinging to accumulation, protection, firm attachment, infatuation, and craving, this is what causes Bhikkhus (male monastic) and Bhikkhunis (female monastic), etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for clothing when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to. What causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for food when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to? Answer: Here, 'food' refers to five types of things that should be chewed and five types of things that should be eaten. The five types of things that should be chewed are: one, roots; two, stems; three, leaves; four, flowers; five, fruits. The five types of things that should be eaten are: one, rice; two, porridge; three, ground cakes (饼麨); four, fish and meat; five, soup (羹臛). Regarding these various types of food, the greed, intense greed, clinging to accumulation, protection, firm attachment, infatuation, and craving, this is what causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for food when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to. What causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for bedding when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to? Answer: Here, 'bedding' refers to courtyards, houses, halls, pavilions, terraces, long corridors, circular rooms, niches, side rooms of halls, simple dwellings made of grass and leaves, and caves made of earth and stone. Also, 'bedding' includes beds, seats, cushions, mattresses, single sleeping mats, blankets, woolen cushions (𣰽㲣), rugs (緂), woolen carpets (罽), pillows (枕), coarse cloth (褐), and low tables (机橙). Regarding these various types of bedding, the greed, intense greed, clinging to accumulation, protection, firm attachment, infatuation, and craving, this is what causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for bedding when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to. What causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for existence and non-existence when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to? Answer: Here, 'existence' refers to the five aggregates of clinging (pañcupādānakkhandha), which are the aggregates of form (rūpa), feeling (vedanā), perception (saṃjñā), mental formations (saṃskāra), and consciousness (vijñāna). 'Non-existence' refers to the future cessation of these five aggregates of clinging. For example, some people think, 'May my five aggregates arise in the future.' And others think, 'May my five aggregates cease after death.' Regarding existence and non-existence, the greed, intense greed, clinging to accumulation, protection, firm attachment, infatuation, and craving, this is what causes Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, etc., to generate, dwell, and cling to love for existence and non-existence when it should arise, dwell, and be clung to. The four things that should not be done but are done are: one, doing what should not be done because of greed; two, doing what should not be done because of hatred; three, doing what should not be done because of ignorance; four, doing what should not be done because of fear. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
应行而行。云何贪欲故不应行而行？答：如有一类，或亲教师、或轨范师、或同亲教、或同轨范、或随一一往还亲友，于僧众中有诤事起。彼作是念：“若与师等共为朋党便堕非法，若与师等不为朋党便堕不义。”虽作是念，而为贪欲所蔽伏故，起恶身语，是名贪欲故不应行而行。云何瞋恚故不应行而行？答：如有一类有怨嫌者，于僧众中有诤事起。彼作是念：“若助怨嫌，于情不可；若为乖反，于理有违。”虽作是念，而为瞋恚所蔽伏故，起恶身语，是名瞋恚故不应行而行。云何愚痴故不应行而行？答：如有一类禀性闇钝，或亲教师、或轨范师、或同亲教、或同轨范、或随一一往还亲友，于僧众中有诤事起。彼作是念：“我今不知是非好恶，但应朋助亲教师等。”彼为愚痴所蔽伏故，起恶身语，是名愚痴故不应行而行。云何怖畏故不应行而行？答：如有一类，或国王亲友、或大臣亲友、或强贼亲友，于僧众中有诤事起。彼作是念：“若我不助有势力者，由是因缘，或失名利、或失衣钵、或失身命，是故我今定应朋助有势力者。”彼由怖畏所蔽伏故，起恶身语，是名怖畏故不应行而行。如世尊说： “诸有贪瞋痴， 怖故违法者， 彼退失名利， 犹如黑分月。” 四记问者，一、应一向记问；二、应 现代汉语译本 应行而行，指的是什么情况下因为贪欲而不应该做的事情却做了呢？回答：比如有一类人，可能是亲教师（Upadhyaya，指戒师）、轨范师（Acharya，指教授师）、同亲教师、同轨范师，或者经常往来的亲友，在僧团中发生了争执。他心里想：‘如果和老师等人结成朋党，就违背了佛法；如果不和老师等人结成朋党，就违背了道义。’虽然这样想，却因为被贪欲蒙蔽，做出了不好的身语行为，这就叫做因为贪欲而不应该做的事情却做了。 什么情况下因为嗔恚而不应该做的事情却做了呢？回答：比如有一类人，和某人有怨仇，在僧团中发生了争执。他心里想：‘如果帮助有怨仇的人，在情理上说不过去；如果反对他，在道理上又有违背。’虽然这样想，却因为被嗔恚蒙蔽，做出了不好的身语行为，这就叫做因为嗔恚而不应该做的事情却做了。 什么情况下因为愚痴而不应该做的事情却做了呢？回答：比如有一类人，天性愚笨迟钝，可能是亲教师、轨范师、同亲教师、同轨范师，或者经常往来的亲友，在僧团中发生了争执。他心里想：‘我现在不知道什么是对是错，什么是好是坏，只能帮助我的亲教师等人。’他因为被愚痴蒙蔽，做出了不好的身语行为，这就叫做因为愚痴而不应该做的事情却做了。 什么情况下因为恐惧而不应该做的事情却做了呢？回答：比如有一类人，可能是国王的亲友、大臣的亲友，或者是强盗的亲友，在僧团中发生了争执。他心里想：‘如果我不帮助有权势的人，就会因此失去名利，或者失去衣服和食物，甚至失去性命，所以我一定要帮助有权势的人。’他因为被恐惧蒙蔽，做出了不好的身语行为，这就叫做因为恐惧而不应该做的事情却做了。 正如世尊所说： ‘那些因为贪婪、嗔恨、愚痴和恐惧而违反法律的人，他们会失去名利，就像黑夜里的月亮一样。’ 四种应该回答的问题：第一种，应该直接回答的问题；第二种，应该
English
English version 'Acting in a way that should be acted.' What is it that should not be done due to greed, yet is done? Answer: For example, there is a person who is either a Preceptor (Upadhyaya, meaning the Ordination Teacher), or a Disciplinarian (Acharya, meaning the Teaching Master), or a fellow Preceptor, or a fellow Disciplinarian, or a close friend with whom they frequently associate. A dispute arises in the Sangha (monastic community). They think: 'If I side with the teacher, etc., I will fall into illegality; if I do not side with the teacher, etc., I will fall into injustice.' Although they think this way, because they are obscured and overcome by greed, they engage in evil bodily and verbal actions. This is called acting in a way that should not be done due to greed. What is it that should not be done due to hatred, yet is done? Answer: For example, there is a person who has a grudge against someone, and a dispute arises in the Sangha. They think: 'If I help the person I have a grudge against, it is unreasonable; if I oppose them, it is against principle.' Although they think this way, because they are obscured and overcome by hatred, they engage in evil bodily and verbal actions. This is called acting in a way that should not be done due to hatred. What is it that should not be done due to delusion, yet is done? Answer: For example, there is a person who is inherently dull and ignorant, either a Preceptor, or a Disciplinarian, or a fellow Preceptor, or a fellow Disciplinarian, or a close friend with whom they frequently associate. A dispute arises in the Sangha. They think: 'I do not know what is right or wrong, good or bad, so I should just support my Preceptor, etc.' Because they are obscured and overcome by delusion, they engage in evil bodily and verbal actions. This is called acting in a way that should not be done due to delusion. What is it that should not be done due to fear, yet is done? Answer: For example, there is a person who is either a friend of the king, or a friend of a minister, or a friend of a powerful thief, and a dispute arises in the Sangha. They think: 'If I do not help the powerful, I will lose fame and profit, or lose my robes and food, or even lose my life. Therefore, I must help the powerful.' Because they are obscured and overcome by fear, they engage in evil bodily and verbal actions. This is called acting in a way that should not be done due to fear. As the World Honored One said: 'Those who violate the law because of greed, hatred, delusion, and fear, they will lose fame and profit, like the dark half of the moon.' The four types of questions to be answered: First, questions that should be answered directly; second, questions that should be --------------------------------------------------------------------------------