English
English version What is Ignorance Fire (痴火)? The answer is: it refers to ignorance regarding the past (former existence), ignorance regarding the future (later existence), and ignorance regarding both the past and the future (former and later existences). Broadly speaking, it encompasses all kinds of ignorance, the arising of ignorance, changes in categories, and changes in arising. All of these are collectively called 'Ignorance'. Due to the obscuration and concealment of this ignorance, various forms of bodily heat, mental heat, and both bodily and mental heat arise; the body burns, the mind burns, and both body and mind burn; the body is afflicted, the mind is afflicted, and both body and mind are afflicted. Furthermore, due to the entanglement of ignorance as a condition, one endures for a long time the Vipaka (异熟) results that are unlovable, unpleasant, undesirable, and disagreeable. This is what is called Ignorance Fire. As the World Honored One said: 'Those foolish beings are burned by the fires of greed, hatred, and ignorance, successively indulging in the realms of desire, harming life, and hating the sacred Dharma. If one does not truly understand these three poisonous fires, one will cling to the existence of a physical body and will not be able to approach the stillness of Nirvana. Therefore, they embark on evil paths, fall into the three evil realms, endure intense suffering, sink into Samsara (轮回), and cannot escape the bonds of Mara (魔).' 'The disciples of the Perfectly Enlightened One constantly strive day and night, using contemplation of impurity and wisdom of loving-kindness to extinguish the three fires in sequence. From this, they enter the holy path, subdue all the armies of Mara, attain the two Nirvanas, and are cool and still, without the leakage of afflictions.' What are the latter three fires? First, the Fire of Service (应奉事火); second, the Fire of Giving (应给施火); and third, the Fire of Offering (应供养火). What is the Fire of Service? The answer is: parents are those whom children should serve. As the World Honored One said to the tall and upright Brahmin, what is called the Fire of Service? It means that parents should receive from their children various kinds of joyful implements, serving and attending to them at all times and in all places without any inversion. How do children use various joyful implements to serve and attend to the Fire of Service at all times and in all places without any inversion? It means that children of good families use the power of diligence, the strength of their hands and feet, or the strength of their sweat and blood, to righteously obtain wealth and joyful implements, and serve and offer to their parents at all times and in all places without any inversion. Why is it called the Fire of Service? Because children of good families are born from their parents, nurtured and raised by them, and thus established. Therefore, parents are called the Fire of Service by all the Buddhas. What is the Fire of Giving? The answer is: wives, servants, hired workers, relatives, and friends are those whom the head of the household should give... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
施。如世尊为高直身形婆罗门说，云何名为应给施火？谓世妻子奴婢作使及诸亲友，应受家主种种乐具随处随时无倒给施。云何家主以诸乐具随处随时无倒给施应给施火？谓族姓子以精进力及手足力若汗血力如法所得财物乐具，随处随时无倒给施妻子奴婢作使亲友。何故名为应给施火？谓族姓子如法居家，其妻子等无倒承事，如教为作所应作业，令无匮乏速得成办。是故妻子奴婢作使及诸亲友，诸佛说为应给施火。应供养火云何？答：真沙门婆罗门，是诸施主所应供养。如世尊为高直身形婆罗门说，云何名为应供养火？谓沙门婆罗门，若已离贪或复修行调伏贪行、若已离瞋或复修行调伏瞋行、若已离痴或复修行调伏痴行，如是沙门及婆罗门应受施主种种乐具随处随时无倒供养。云何施主以诸乐具随处随时无倒供养应供养火？谓族姓子以精进力及手足力若汗血力如法所得财物乐具，随处随时无倒供养。如前所说诸沙门婆罗门，何故名为应供养火？谓族姓子供养阿罗汉及诸有学者，彼是世间真福田故，能令施主于中树福，感得最胜此世他世富乐异熟及解脱果，是故真沙门及真婆罗门诸佛说为应供养火。余世间火非应奉事给施供养，彼不能令诸有情类得胜果故。如世尊说： “智者能如法， 祭事前三火， 生有乐世 现代汉语译本： 世尊为高直身形的婆罗门解释说，什么叫做‘应给施火’呢？就是说，对于妻子、儿女、奴婢、佣人以及亲朋好友，应该根据家里的实际情况，在适当的时候，给予他们各种生活所需，不要有所遗漏或偏颇。 那么，家主应该如何根据实际情况，在适当的时候，毫无遗漏地给予‘应给施火’呢？就是说，作为一家之主，应该通过自己的努力，包括体力劳动和脑力劳动，合法地获取财富和生活用品，然后根据实际情况，在适当的时候，毫无遗漏地给予妻子、儿女、奴婢、佣人以及亲朋好友。 为什么称之为‘应给施火’呢？因为一家之主如果能够合法地经营家庭，他的妻子儿女等就能尽心尽力地服侍他，按照他的教导完成应该做的事情，使家庭生活没有匮乏，一切都能迅速办好。所以，妻子、儿女、奴婢、佣人以及亲朋好友，诸佛都称之为‘应给施火’。 什么叫做‘应供养火’呢？答：真正的沙门（Śrāmaṇa，出家修行者）和婆罗门（Brāhmaṇa，祭司），是施主应该供养的对象。世尊为高直身形的婆罗门解释说，什么叫做‘应供养火’呢？就是说，那些已经脱离贪欲或者正在修行调伏贪欲的沙门和婆罗门，那些已经脱离嗔恨或者正在修行调伏嗔恨的沙门和婆罗门，那些已经脱离愚痴或者正在修行调伏愚痴的沙门和婆罗门，这样的沙门和婆罗门应该接受施主根据实际情况，在适当的时候，毫无遗漏地供养的各种生活所需。 那么，施主应该如何根据实际情况，在适当的时候，毫无遗漏地供养‘应供养火’呢？就是说，作为施主，应该通过自己的努力，包括体力劳动和脑力劳动，合法地获取财富和生活用品，然后根据实际情况，在适当的时候，毫无遗漏地供养前面所说的那些沙门和婆罗门。 为什么称这些沙门和婆罗门为‘应供养火’呢？因为施主供养阿罗汉（Arhat，已证悟者）以及那些正在修行的有学之人，他们是世间真正的福田，能够让施主在其中培植福德，从而获得最殊胜的今生和来世的富乐果报以及解脱的果实。所以，真正的沙门和真正的婆罗门，诸佛都称之为‘应供养火’。 其他的世间之火，不应该去奉事、给予和供养，因为它们不能让众生获得殊胜的果报。正如世尊所说： ‘智者能如法，祭事前三火，生有乐世’
English
English version: The Blessed One said to the high-statured Brāhmaṇa, 'What is called the 'fire that should be given to'? It refers to one's wife, children, servants, employees, and relatives and friends, who should receive various comforts from the householder, given appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail.' 'How does the householder give the 'fire that should be given to' with various comforts, appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail? It means that the son of a good family, through diligence and the strength of his limbs, or the strength of his sweat and blood, righteously obtains wealth and comforts, and gives them appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail, to his wife, children, servants, employees, relatives, and friends.' 'Why is it called the 'fire that should be given to'? It is because the son of a good family righteously manages his household, and his wife and others serve him without fail, performing the tasks they should as instructed, ensuring there is no lack and that everything is accomplished quickly. Therefore, wife, children, servants, employees, relatives, and friends are called the 'fire that should be given to' by the Buddhas.' 'What is called the 'fire that should be venerated'? Answer: True Śrāmaṇas (wandering ascetics) and Brāhmaṇas (priests) are those whom donors should venerate. As the Blessed One said to the high-statured Brāhmaṇa, 'What is called the 'fire that should be venerated'? It refers to Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas who have already abandoned greed or are practicing to subdue greed, who have already abandoned hatred or are practicing to subdue hatred, who have already abandoned delusion or are practicing to subdue delusion. Such Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas should receive various comforts from donors, given appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail.' 'How does the donor venerate the 'fire that should be venerated' with various comforts, appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail? It means that the son of a good family, through diligence and the strength of his limbs, or the strength of his sweat and blood, righteously obtains wealth and comforts, and offers them appropriately according to circumstances and time, without fail, to the aforementioned Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas.' 'Why are these Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas called the 'fire that should be venerated'? It is because the son of a good family makes offerings to Arhats (enlightened beings) and those who are still learning, for they are the true fields of merit in the world, enabling the donor to plant blessings within them, resulting in the most excellent fruits of wealth and happiness in this life and the next, as well as the fruit of liberation. Therefore, true Śrāmaṇas and true Brāhmaṇas are called the 'fire that should be venerated' by the Buddhas.' 'Other worldly fires should not be served, given to, or venerated, for they cannot bring superior results to sentient beings. As the Blessed One said:' 'The wise can, according to the Dharma, sacrifice to the three fires beforehand, to have a happy world of existence.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 间， 证无苦解脱。”
Chinese
三福业事者，一、施类福业事；二、戒类福业事；三、修类福业事。施类福业事者，云何施类、云何福、云何业、云何事而说施类福业事耶？答：施类者，谓施主布施诸沙门婆罗门贫穷苦行道行乞者，饮食汤药衣服华鬘涂散等香。房舍卧具灯烛等物，是名施类。复次或由身布施，谓或施身、或施身业；或施所舍物或由语布施，谓或施语、或施语业；或施所舍物或由意布施，谓或施意、或施意业、或施舍心，是名施类。福者，谓施俱行身律仪、语律仪、命清净，是名福。业者，谓施俱行诸思，等思现等思已思思类，作心意业，是名业。事者，谓施主、受者及所施物，是名事。此中施类名施类，亦名福、亦名业、亦名事。此中福名为福，亦名业、亦名事、亦名施类。此中业名为业，亦名事、亦名施类、亦名福。此中事唯名事。戒类福业事者，云何戒类、云何福、云何业、云何事而说戒类福业事耶？答：戒类者，谓离害生命、离不与取、离欲邪行、离虚妄语、离饮窣罗迷丽耶末陀放逸处酒，是名戒类。福者，谓戒俱行身律仪、语律仪、命清净，是名福。业者，谓戒俱行诸思，等思现等思已思思类，作心意业，是名业。事者，谓若防若止若遮若离害生命事，是离害生命事。若防若止若遮若离不 现代汉语译本： ‘间’，证得无苦解脱。 三种福业事是：一、布施类福业事；二、持戒类福业事；三、修习类福业事。什么是布施类福业事呢？如何是布施类、如何是福、如何是业、如何是事，而称为布施类福业事呢？回答：布施类，是指施主布施给各位沙门（Śrāmaṇa，指佛教出家修行者）、婆罗门（Brāhmaṇa，指古印度教的祭司阶层）、贫穷的人、苦行的人、修行的人、乞讨者饮食、汤药、衣服、花鬘、涂香、散香等，以及房舍、卧具、灯烛等物品，这称为布施类。此外，或者通过身体布施，即或者布施身体、或者布施身体的行为；或者布施所舍弃的物品；或者通过语言布施，即或者布施语言、或者布施语言的行为；或者布施所舍弃的物品；或者通过意念布施，即或者布施意念、或者布施意念的行为、或者布施舍弃的心，这称为布施类。福，是指与布施同时产生的身律仪、语律仪、命清净，这称为福。业，是指与布施同时产生的各种思，等思、现等思、已思、思类，产生的心意业，这称为业。事，是指施主、受施者以及所施之物，这称为事。其中，布施类称为布施类，也称为福、也称为业、也称为事。其中，福称为福，也称为业、也称为事、也称为布施类。其中，业称为业，也称为事、也称为布施类、也称为福。其中，事仅仅称为事。什么是持戒类福业事呢？如何是持戒类、如何是福、如何是业、如何是事，而称为持戒类福业事呢？回答：持戒类，是指远离杀害生命、远离不予而取、远离邪淫行为、远离虚妄的言语、远离饮用窣罗（Surā，酒类名）、迷丽耶（Maireya，酒类名）、末陀（Madya，酒类名）等导致放逸的酒，这称为持戒类。福，是指与持戒同时产生的身律仪、语律仪、命清净，这称为福。业，是指与持戒同时产生的各种思，等思、现等思、已思、思类，产生的心意业，这称为业。事，是指如果防护、如果制止、如果遮蔽、如果远离杀害生命的行为，这就是远离杀害生命的事。如果防护、如果制止、如果遮蔽、如果远离不