English
English version When the multitude abandons their true nature and speaks falsely at any of the three times (past, present, future) or two times (past, future), this is called the root (fundamental false speech). If, beforehand, they elaborately prepare, embellish their words, or receive instructions from others and go elsewhere to spread rumors, this is called expedient (expedient false speech, i.e., preparation for achieving the goal). If, after the matter is accomplished, they receive wealth, give it away at will, enjoy it with delight, have no shame, feel no remorse, praise themselves, and become arrogant, this is called accomplished (completed false speech). In false speech, if there is mixed divisive language that can destroy harmony, this is called the root (fundamental divisive speech). If one speaks of others' faults and other bad things, saying that those who are harmonious will surely have problems, and that if discord is successfully sown, good things will happen, this is called expedient (expedient divisive speech, i.e., preparation for sowing discord). If harmony is broken, they receive wealth from others, give it away at will, enjoy it with delight, have no shame, feel no remorse, praise themselves, and become greatly arrogant, this is called accomplished (completed divisive speech). If one changes their expression and curses with harsh words, this is called the root (fundamental harsh speech). If one hears of others' sins, embellishes their words, and goes elsewhere intending to speak of these evils, this is called expedient (expedient harsh speech, i.e., preparation for cursing). If, after cursing, they receive wealth from others, give it away at will, enjoy it with delight, have no shame, feel no remorse, praise themselves, and become greatly arrogant, this is called accomplished (completed harsh speech). If one speaks of lustful matters or untimely words, this is called the root (fundamental frivolous speech). If one sings or chants meaningless verses, creating all sorts of things to please others, this is called expedient (expedient frivolous speech, i.e., preparation for pleasing others). If, after instigating others, they receive wealth, give it away at will, enjoy it with delight, have no shame, feel no remorse, praise themselves, and become greatly arrogant, this is called accomplished (completed frivolous speech). If one develops a greedy desire to obtain others' wealth, this is called the root (fundamental greed). Arousing a mind of affliction is called expedient (expedient greed, i.e., preparation for obtaining wealth). After acting and obtaining wealth, giving it away at will, enjoying it with delight, and boasting to others, having no shame, feeling no remorse, praising themselves, and becoming greatly arrogant, this is called accomplished (completed greed). If one beats and scolds others, this is called the root (fundamental anger). If one takes up a stick or stone and questions their faults, this is called expedient (expedient anger, i.e., preparation for beating others). After beating them and feeling joy, receiving wealth, giving it away at will, enjoying it with delight, having no shame, feeling no remorse, praising themselves, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
憍慢，是名成已。若诽谤业、因果、真谛、贤圣之人，是名根本。若读诵、书写、信受邪书，赞叹称誉，是名方便。受已、向他分别演说，增其邪见，受邪财物，任意施与，欢喜受乐，无有惭愧，不生悔恨，自赞其身，生大憍慢，是名成已。 “或复有人，于十业道一时作二：妄语、两舌。或一时三：所谓妄语、两舌、恶口。又复有三：所谓邪见、恶口、妄语。如是说者，即是无义，是名为四。瞋之与贪，不得一时。其余八事，可得一时。云何一时？六处遣使，自作二事：一者、淫他妻妇，二者、谓无业果；先作期要，一时得业。是十恶业，或得作色无无作色，或有作色及无作色。若无方便及成已者，则得作色无无作色；若有庄严及成已者，则得作色及无作色。是十业道有轻有重：若杀父母及辟支佛，偷三宝物，于所生母及罗汉尼作非梵行，妄说坏僧，是名为重。 “善男子！是十业道，各有三种：一、从贪生，二、从瞋生，三、从痴生。若为贪利故害命者，是名从贪；若杀怨家，是名从瞋；杀老父母，是名从痴。劫盗他财，亦复三种：自为己身、妻子、眷属，贪他财物而往劫夺，是名从贪；盗怨家物，是名从瞋；劫夺下姓，是名从痴。邪淫亦三：若为自乐行非梵行，是名从贪；淫怨眷属，是名从瞋；于 现代汉语译本 骄慢，这就叫做‘成已’（完成）。如果诽谤业、因果、真谛（真实不虚的道理）、贤圣之人，这就叫做‘根本’（根本原因）。如果读诵、书写、信受邪书，赞叹称誉，这就叫做‘方便’（手段）。接受了邪说之后，又向他人分别演说，增长他们的邪见，接受邪恶的财物，任意施舍，欢喜享受，没有惭愧之心，不生悔恨之意，自我赞扬，生起大的骄慢，这就叫做‘成已’。 ‘或者又有人，在十种恶业道中，一时做两种：妄语、两舌。或者一时做三种：就是妄语、两舌、恶口。又或者有三种：就是邪见、恶口、妄语。这样说的人，就是没有意义，这叫做四种。嗔恨和贪婪，不能同时产生。其余八种恶业，可以同时产生。怎样同时产生呢？六根（六处）派遣使者，自己做两件事：一是奸淫他人的妻子，二是说没有业报因果；先约定好，一时之间完成恶业。这十种恶业，有的可以产生色（可见的形色），没有无作色（无形的业力），有的有作色也有无作色。如果没有方便和成已，那么就只有作色而没有无作色；如果有庄严（准备）和成已，那么就有作色也有无作色。这十种业道有轻有重：如果杀害父母以及辟支佛（Pratyekabuddha，独觉佛），偷盗三宝（佛、法、僧）的财物，对自己的母亲以及阿罗汉尼（Arhatini，女阿罗汉）做不清净的行为，妄语破坏僧团，这就叫做重罪。 ‘善男子！这十种业道，各有三种：一、从贪欲产生，二、从嗔恨产生，三、从愚痴产生。如果为了贪图利益而杀害生命，这叫做从贪欲产生；如果杀害仇敌，这叫做从嗔恨产生；杀害年老的父母，这叫做从愚痴产生。抢劫盗取他人的财物，也有三种：为了自己、妻子、眷属，贪图他人的财物而去抢劫，这叫做从贪欲产生；盗取仇敌的财物，这叫做从嗔恨产生；抢劫地位低下的人，这叫做从愚痴产生。邪淫也有三种：如果为了自己快乐而行非梵行（不正当的性行为），这叫做从贪欲产生；奸淫仇人的眷属，这叫做从嗔恨产生；于
English
English version Arrogance, this is called ‘accomplished’. If one slanders karma, causality, the true Dharma (ultimate truth), or virtuous and noble people, this is called ‘fundamental’. If one reads, writes, and believes in heretical books, praising and extolling them, this is called ‘expedient means’. After accepting them, one explains and expounds them to others, increasing their wrong views, receiving evil wealth, giving it away arbitrarily, enjoying it with joy, without shame or remorse, praising oneself, and generating great arrogance, this is called ‘accomplished’. ‘Or again, someone may commit two of the ten unwholesome karmic paths at the same time: false speech and divisive speech. Or three at the same time: namely, false speech, divisive speech, and harsh speech. Or again, there are three: namely, wrong views, harsh speech, and false speech. To say it like this is meaningless; this is called four. Anger and greed cannot arise at the same time. The remaining eight can arise at the same time. How can they arise at the same time? The six senses (six entrances) send messengers, and one does two things oneself: first, committing adultery with another's wife, and second, saying there is no karmic consequence; after making a prior agreement, one obtains the karma at the same time. These ten unwholesome karmas, some can produce form (visible form), without non-formative karma (invisible karmic force), and some have formative karma and non-formative karma. If there are no expedient means and accomplishment, then there is only formative karma and no non-formative karma; if there is preparation and accomplishment, then there is formative karma and non-formative karma. These ten karmic paths have lightness and heaviness: if one kills one's parents or a Pratyekabuddha (Solitary Buddha), steals the property of the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), engages in unchaste conduct with one's mother or an Arhatini (female Arhat), or falsely speaks to destroy the Sangha, this is called a heavy offense. ‘Good man! These ten karmic paths each have three types: first, arising from greed; second, arising from anger; third, arising from delusion. If one harms life for the sake of greed, this is called arising from greed; if one kills an enemy, this is called arising from anger; killing one's elderly parents is called arising from delusion. Robbing and stealing others' property also has three types: for oneself, one's wife, and one's family, coveting others' property and robbing it, this is called arising from greed; stealing the property of an enemy, this is called arising from anger; robbing people of lower status, this is called arising from delusion. Sexual misconduct also has three types: if one engages in unchaste conduct (improper sexual behavior) for one's own pleasure, this is called arising from greed; committing adultery with the relatives of an enemy, this is called arising from anger; with --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
所生母作非梵行，是名从痴。妄语三种：若为财利自受快乐，是名从贪；为坏怨故，是名从瞋；若畏他死，是名从痴。两舌三种：为财利故，是名从贪；为坏怨故，是名从瞋；破坏和合邪见之众，是名从痴。恶口三种：为财利故，骂詈妇儿，是名从贪；故向怨家说所恶事，是名从瞋；说他往昔先人过罪，是名从痴。无义语亦三种：若为欢乐，歌叫諠哗，是名从贪；为胜他故，歌叫諠哗，是名从瞋；为增邪见歌叫諠哗，是名从痴。从贪生者，是名为妒；从瞋生者，是名为瞋；从痴生者，是名邪见。 “修十善已，一一事中得三解脱。是十恶业决定当得地狱果报，或有饿鬼，或有畜生；余果则得人中短命，贫穷乏财、妇不贞廉，有所言说人不信受，无有亲厚，常被诽谤，耳初不闻善好之言，能令外物四大衰微，无有真实，恶风暴雨，烂臭败坏，土地不平，无有七宝，多有石沙荆棘恶刺，时节转变，无有常定，果蓏少实，味不具足。若欲破坏如是等事，应当至心修行十善。是十善法，三天下具，或有戒摄，或非戒摄；北郁单曰唯有四事；地狱有五；饿鬼、畜生、天中具十，非戒所摄。欲界六天无有方便，唯有根本、成已二事。 “夫业道者，一念中得。如其杀者，可杀、俱死，是则不得根本业果。若作庄严，事 现代汉语译本 所生之母行非梵行（不清净的行为），这被称为源于愚痴。妄语有三种：为了财物利益自己享受快乐，这被称为源于贪婪；为了破坏仇敌，这被称为源于嗔恨；如果畏惧他人死亡，这被称为源于愚痴。两舌有三种：为了财物利益，这被称为源于贪婪；为了破坏仇敌，这被称为源于嗔恨；破坏和合的邪见之众，这被称为源于愚痴。恶口有三种：为了财物利益，谩骂妻子儿女，这被称为源于贪婪；故意向仇家说其厌恶的事情，这被称为源于嗔恨；说他人往昔先人的过错罪行，这被称为源于愚痴。无意义的言语也有三种：如果为了欢乐，唱歌叫喊喧哗，这被称为源于贪婪；为了胜过他人，唱歌叫喊喧哗，这被称为源于嗔恨；为了增长邪见而唱歌叫喊喧哗，这被称为源于愚痴。从贪婪产生的，这被称为嫉妒；从嗔恨产生的，这被称为嗔恨；从愚痴产生的，这被称为邪见。 ‘修习十善之后，每一件事中都能得到三种解脱。这十种恶业必定会得到地狱的果报，或者会堕入饿鬼道，或者会堕入畜生道；其余的果报则是在人中得到短命、贫穷缺乏钱财、妻子不贞洁，所说的话没有人相信，没有亲近厚待的人，常常被诽谤，耳朵从来没有听到过善良美好的言语，能够使外在的事物四大衰微，没有真实，恶风暴雨，腐烂臭败，土地不平整，没有七宝，多有石头沙子荆棘恶刺，时节转变，没有常定的规律，果实很少饱满，味道不完整。如果想要破坏这些事情，应当至诚恳切地修行十善。这十善法，在三天下都具备，或者被戒律所摄，或者不被戒律所摄；在北郁单曰（四大部洲之一）只有四件事；地狱有五件；饿鬼、畜生、天道中都具备十件，不被戒律所摄。欲界六天没有方便，只有根本和成就这两件事。 ‘所谓的业道，在一念之间就能产生。比如杀人，如果可杀之人和行杀之人一同死亡，那么就不能得到根本的业果。如果作庄严的事情，’
English
English version The mother who gives birth engages in non-brahmacharya (impure conduct), this is called arising from ignorance. False speech is of three kinds: if for the sake of wealth and enjoyment of pleasure, this is called arising from greed; to destroy enemies, this is called arising from hatred; if fearing the death of others, this is called arising from ignorance. Divisive speech is of three kinds: for the sake of wealth and benefit, this is called arising from greed; to destroy enemies, this is called arising from hatred; destroying the harmonious assembly of wrong views, this is called arising from ignorance. Harsh speech is of three kinds: for the sake of wealth and benefit, scolding wives and children, this is called arising from greed; intentionally speaking evil things to enemies, this is called arising from hatred; speaking of the past faults and sins of others' ancestors, this is called arising from ignorance. Meaningless speech is also of three kinds: if for the sake of joy, singing, shouting, and making noise, this is called arising from greed; to overcome others, singing, shouting, and making noise, this is called arising from hatred; to increase wrong views, singing, shouting, and making noise, this is called arising from ignorance. That which arises from greed is called jealousy; that which arises from hatred is called hatred; that which arises from ignorance is called wrong view. 'Having cultivated the ten good deeds, in each matter, one obtains three liberations. These ten evil deeds will definitely result in the retribution of hell, or one may fall into the realm of hungry ghosts, or one may fall into the realm of animals; the remaining retributions are obtaining a short life in the human realm, being poor and lacking wealth, having an unchaste wife, one's words not being believed by others, having no close and kind people, constantly being slandered, never hearing good and virtuous words, being able to cause the four great elements of external things to decline, having no truth, evil winds and heavy rains, rotting and decaying, uneven land, lacking the seven treasures, having many stones, sand, thorns, and evil prickles, the changes of seasons having no constant pattern, fruits being scarce and unripe, and flavors not being complete. If one wishes to destroy such things, one should sincerely cultivate the ten good deeds. These ten good dharmas are complete in the three worlds, either being included in precepts or not being included in precepts; in Uttarakuru (one of the four continents) there are only four matters; in hell there are five; in the realms of hungry ghosts, animals, and heavens, all ten are complete, not being included in precepts. The six heavens of the desire realm have no expedient means, only the fundamental and accomplished two matters. 'The path of karma arises in a single thought. For example, in killing, if the one who can be killed and the one who kills both die, then one cannot obtain the fundamental karmic result. If one performs decorative matters,' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------