English
English version: 'For those who do not violate the precepts, it is because they rely on receiving offerings with outstretched hands together.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) is begging for food, and someone asks, 'Are you a good Bhikkhu?' and the Bhikkhu answers, 'Yes,' and receives food as a result, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If he is truly a good Bhikkhu and says he is good, he commits a Pācittiya (an offense requiring confession). If he is not a good Bhikkhu but says he is good, he commits a Nissaggiya Pācittiya (an offense requiring forfeiture and confession).' Question: 'A Bhikkhu gives all his long-term possessions to someone, saying, 'When I need them later, I will take them back myself.' Is this permissible?' Answer: 'It is permissible to give them to a trustworthy person, and then tell another person, 'I have given my possessions to so-and-so Bhikkhu.' If he takes them back, he must inform the person; he must not take them back without permission.' Chapter Nine: Matters Concerning Illness Question: 'If a Bhikkhu is ill, is it permissible to eat without using a bowl?' Answer: 'If he is seriously ill, it is permissible. If he is only slightly ill, it is not permissible.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu is ill and does not carry his three robes, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If he is severely incapacitated and has no awareness, it is permissible. If he has awareness, it is not permissible.' Question: 'If the person caring for the sick Bhikkhu does not inform the sick Bhikkhu and secretly uses money to make food or medicine for other sick people, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If he uses five coins, he commits a Nissaggiya Pācittiya. If he later informs the sick Bhikkhu and the sick Bhikkhu is pleased, no offense is committed. If the sick Bhikkhu is angry, he commits a Nissaggiya Pācittiya if he does not compensate.' Question: 'Because of illness, the host provides one hundred coins per day. If fifty coins are sufficient, is it permissible to give the remaining coins to other sick people to make food?' Answer: 'If the sick person himself gives them, it is permissible.' Question: 'If a sick Bhikkhu has no one to care for him, is it permissible for other Bhikkhus to make food for him?' Answer: 'In a remote wilderness where one cannot travel back and forth during the day, it is permissible to make food for seven days. First, prepare clean firewood and rice, receive them, and then make the food.' Question: 'If a sick person needs one or two pints of wine to take with medicine, is it permissible to give it?' Answer: 'If the doctor says it will definitely cure the illness, it is permissible to take it with medicine. It is not permissible to take it alone.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu is ill, is it permissible to take qi-enhancing medicine?' Answer: 'It is not permissible, because it is the same as the practices of non-Buddhists.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu has a swelling disease, is it permissible to have someone spit and chant incantations to cure it?' Answer: 'It is permissible.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu is severely ill or' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
，衣钵施众，或卖用作福德，犯何事？”答：“若更得弊故，即受得。无有，犯舍堕。” 死亡事品第十 问：“亡比丘物，都不打揵槌、不羯磨而分，犯何事？”答：“界里一人以上，尽得打揵槌羯磨。若不羯磨而打揵槌亦不羯磨，尽犯弃。所以尔者，亡比丘物，尽属四方僧故，不得辄分。若界外五人以上，得羯磨分不打揵槌，以无界故。四人以下，不得羯磨分，若分犯弃。当赍诣僧中，若自取赍去至异众，初入界不犯，出则犯弃。如是复至余众，一出界一犯弃。弟子持师物去亦尔。” 问：“比丘亡，弟子不持师物与众，辄自分处供养僧。僧可食不？”答：“其弟子先知法者，有罪。僧不打槌不羯磨而食，犯舍堕。” 问：“若师亡，僧羯磨分物，弟子应得分不？”答：“应得。即是僧故。” 问：“师亡，更无余僧，唯有弟子，或五戒十戒，得羯磨分此物不？”答：“即是僧故得分，但打揵槌羯磨。不打不羯磨，不得。” 问：“病者无常。供病余物，后人得与余病者不？”答：“此是僧物，不得辄与。直五钱，犯弃。” 问：“师徒父母兄弟死，得哭不？”答：“不得。一举声犯舍堕，可小小泣涕而已。” 问：“或比丘，死时在、羯磨时不在，或死时不 现代汉语译本 问：‘如果将（亡故比丘的）衣钵施舍给大众，或者变卖用作修福，会犯什么戒？’答：‘如果（衣钵）已经破旧不堪，就可以接受施舍。如果没有破损，就犯舍堕。’ 死亡事品第十 问：‘亡故比丘的遗物，不敲犍槌（ghanta，召集僧众的法器）、不羯磨（karma，僧团会议）就进行分配，会犯什么戒？’答：‘在界内，只要有一人以上，就必须敲犍槌并进行羯磨。如果不经过羯磨就敲犍槌，或者既不敲犍槌也不羯磨，都犯弃罪（patayantika，一种较重的罪）。之所以这样，是因为亡故比丘的遗物，都属于四方僧众所有，不得擅自瓜分。如果在界外，有五人以上，可以进行羯磨分配，但不必敲犍槌，因为没有结界。如果只有四人或以下，不得进行羯磨分配，如果分配就犯弃罪。应当将遗物带到僧团中处理。如果自己拿走，带到其他僧团，刚进入结界时不犯戒，一旦离开结界就犯弃罪。像这样再次到其他僧团，每离开一次结界就犯一次弃罪。弟子拿走师父的遗物也是一样。’ 问：‘比丘亡故，弟子不将师父的遗物交给僧众，而是擅自瓜分，用来供养僧众。僧众可以食用这些供养吗？’答：‘如果弟子事先知道（这样做）是违法的，就有罪。僧众不敲犍槌、不羯磨就食用这些供养，犯舍堕。’ 问：‘如果师父亡故，僧团羯磨分配遗物，弟子应该得到一份吗？’答：‘应该得到。因为他也是僧众的一员。’ 问：‘师父亡故，没有其他僧众，只有弟子，或者只有受五戒、十戒的人，可以羯磨分配这些遗物吗？’答：‘因为他们也算是僧众，所以可以分配，但必须敲犍槌并进行羯磨。不敲犍槌、不进行羯磨，就不能分配。’ 问：‘生病的人去世了，供养病人的剩余物品，后来的人可以给其他病人吗？’答：‘这些是僧众的物品，不得擅自给予。超过五钱（古代货币单位），就犯弃罪。’ 问：‘师父、徒弟、父母、兄弟去世，可以哭泣吗？’答：‘不可以。一发出哭声就犯舍堕，只能小声啜泣而已。’ 问：‘如果比丘去世时在（僧团），羯磨时不在（僧团），或者去世时不在’
English
English version Question: 'If the robe and bowl (of a deceased bhikkhu) are given to the community, or sold for meritorious deeds, what offense is committed?' Answer: 'If they are worn out, then it is acceptable to receive them. If they are not worn out, it is a patayantika offense (an offense requiring expiation).' Chapter Ten: Matters Concerning Death Question: 'If the belongings of a deceased bhikkhu are distributed without striking the ghanta (a bell used to summon the Sangha) or performing the karma (formal act of the Sangha), what offense is committed?' Answer: 'Within the boundary, if there is one or more person, the ghanta must be struck and the karma performed. If the ghanta is struck without karma, or if neither the ghanta is struck nor the karma performed, all commit a patayantika offense. The reason is that the belongings of a deceased bhikkhu belong to the Sangha of the four directions, and cannot be arbitrarily distributed. Outside the boundary, if there are five or more people, the karma can be performed to distribute the belongings without striking the ghanta, because there is no boundary. If there are four or fewer people, the karma cannot be performed to distribute the belongings; if they are distributed, a patayantika offense is committed. The belongings should be brought to the Sangha. If one takes them away to another Sangha, there is no offense upon entering the boundary, but there is a patayantika offense upon leaving. If one goes to another Sangha in this way, there is a patayantika offense each time one leaves the boundary. It is the same if a disciple takes away the belongings of his teacher.' Question: 'If a bhikkhu dies and his disciple does not give his teacher's belongings to the Sangha, but instead distributes them himself to support the Sangha, is it permissible for the Sangha to consume these offerings?' Answer: 'If the disciple knew the Dharma beforehand (and knew this was wrong), he is guilty. If the Sangha consumes these offerings without striking the ghanta or performing the karma, a patayantika offense is committed.' Question: 'If a teacher dies and the Sangha performs the karma to distribute his belongings, should the disciple receive a share?' Answer: 'He should receive a share, because he is part of the Sangha.' Question: 'If a teacher dies and there are no other bhikkhus, only disciples, or only those who have taken the five or ten precepts, can they perform the karma to distribute these belongings?' Answer: 'Because they are considered the Sangha, they can distribute them, but the ghanta must be struck and the karma performed. If the ghanta is not struck and the karma is not performed, they cannot distribute them.' Question: 'If a sick person dies, can the remaining items used to care for the sick person be given to other sick people?' Answer: 'These are the belongings of the Sangha and cannot be given arbitrarily. If the value is more than five coins, a patayantika offense is committed.' Question: 'Is it permissible to cry when a teacher, disciple, parent, or sibling dies?' Answer: 'It is not permissible. Making a sound of crying is a patayantika offense; one can only weep quietly.' Question: 'If a bhikkhu is present at the time of death (of another), but not present at the time of the karma, or is not present at the time of death' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
在、羯磨时在。各应得分不？”答：“及羯磨尽得。死时在、羯磨时不在，不得。” 问：“比丘死，后人与买棺木衣服葬埋与者，犯何事？”答曰：“白僧，与泥洹僧僧祇支自覆。自余应入僧。师物一切不得埋，埋过五钱犯弃。若弟子私物，得。亡者知法，已得分处，分者无罪。” 问：“父母诸亲死，比丘与办衣棺木埋不？”答：“不得。若父母亡日，若病无人供养，乞食与半。若自能绳线，不得与食，犯舍堕。与衣，犯舍堕。况复棺木葬埋耶！” 问：“病者无常。衣钵先与看病者，竟不羯磨。看病者卖，为饭僧。得食不？”答：“众未得羯磨食，众犯舍堕。若看病者不知法，已作羯磨得食。若未作，众当语法。” 问：“比丘借人物。前人死，得还自取不？”答：“一切不得自取，取犯突吉罗。白众，众还得取。众不还，犯突吉罗。若众不与，强取，犯舍堕。” 问：“比丘得为亡师起塔不？”答：“自物得用，师物作不得。” 问：“比丘得向师冢礼不？”答：“得。难曰：‘生是我师，已死尚非比丘，唯枯骨而已，何由向礼？’答：‘若佛在世应供养恭敬，泥洹后亦是枯骨，何以供养耶？师生以法益人，后亦应恭敬礼拜，有何过也！’” 问：“分物时羯磨 现代汉语译本 问：‘如果有人在分发食物时在场，但在举行羯磨（Kamma，佛教术语，指行为、业力）仪式时也在场，每个人都应该得到一份吗？’答：‘在羯磨仪式结束时在场的人可以得到。如果死的时候在场，但在举行羯磨仪式时不在场，就不能得到。’ 问：‘如果比丘（Bhiksu，佛教术语，指男性出家人）去世，后人为他购买棺材、衣服并安葬，这样做的人犯了什么戒律？’答：‘应该禀告僧团（Sangha，佛教术语，指僧侣团体），用僧团的财物购买覆盖尸体的布。剩余的财物应该归入僧团。师父的遗物绝对不能埋葬，如果埋葬超过五钱，就犯了舍堕（Nissaggiya Pacittiya，佛教术语，指一种较重的戒律）。如果是弟子的私人物品，可以埋葬。如果死者懂得佛法，已经分配好财物，那么分配的人就没有罪。’ 问：‘父母或亲属去世，比丘可以为他们准备衣服、棺材并安葬吗？’答：‘不可以。如果父母去世当天，或者生病时无人供养，可以乞讨食物给他们一半。如果自己能制作绳线，就不能给他们食物，否则犯舍堕。给他们衣服，也犯舍堕。更何况是棺材和安葬呢！’ 问：‘病人快要去世了。衣钵（Patra，佛教术语，指僧侣的食器）事先给了照顾病人的人，但没有举行羯磨仪式。照顾病人的人把衣钵卖了，用来供养僧众。僧众可以食用这些食物吗？’答：‘僧众在没有举行羯磨仪式之前食用这些食物，僧众犯舍堕。如果照顾病人的人不懂佛法，已经举行了羯磨仪式，僧众就可以食用。如果还没有举行，僧众应该按照佛法处理。’ 问：‘比丘借了别人的东西。那个人去世了，比丘可以自己去取回吗？’答：‘绝对不能自己取回，自己取回就犯了突吉罗（Dukkata，佛教术语，指一种轻微的罪过）。应该禀告僧团，僧团同意后才能取回。如果僧团不归还，就犯了突吉罗。如果僧团不同意，强行取回，就犯了舍堕。’ 问：‘比丘可以为去世的师父建造佛塔（Stupa，佛教术语，指一种佛教建筑物，通常用来存放圣物或高僧的遗骨）吗？’答：‘可以用自己的财物建造，但不能用师父的遗物建造。’ 问：‘比丘可以向师父的坟墓礼拜吗？’答：‘可以。有人反驳说：‘师父活着的时候是我的师父，去世后就不是比丘了，只剩下枯骨而已，为什么要向他礼拜呢？’回答说：‘如果佛陀（Buddha，佛教术语，指觉悟者）在世时应该供养恭敬，涅槃（Nirvana，佛教术语，指解脱）后也只是枯骨，为什么要供养呢？师父活着的时候用佛法利益他人，去世后也应该恭敬礼拜，有什么过错呢！’ 问：‘分发物品时举行羯磨仪式……’