English
English version Question: 'If a Bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun) comes within the boundary of the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) during the acceptance of the year (受歲時), requesting to receive the year, should she be allowed to receive it?' Answer: 'Two or more Bhikkhunis are allowed. One is not allowed, because a Bhikkhuni traveling alone outside the boundary commits a grave offense.' Question: 'Can one person ordain a Śrāmaṇera (novice monk)?' Answer: 'It requires two people to ordain.' Question: 'When ordaining a Śrāmaṇera, can the Upadhyaya (preceptor) be invited remotely?' Answer: 'No.' Question: 'What offense does a Bhikkhu (monk) who has not completed five Vassas (rain retreats) commit if he ordains someone? Does his disciple receive the precepts?' Answer: 'If he knows it is unlawful and ordains someone, he commits a Pāṭayantika (an offense requiring confession). If he does not stop after three admonitions, he commits a Saṃghādisesa (an offense requiring a meeting of the Sangha). If the disciple does not know whether it is lawful or unlawful, he receives the precepts. If he knows, he does not.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu does not recite the precepts at all, nor does he know various Sangha matters, yet he ordains many people or acts as one of the three teachers (Trīṇi śikṣāṇi, three trainings: morality, concentration, and wisdom), does he commit any offense?' Answer: 'This person should not even accept offerings from people's faith, let alone ordain others!' Question: 'If someone's parents or the law of the king do not allow him to leave home, and a Bhikkhu secretly takes him away and ordains him, what offense does he commit?' Answer: 'He commits a Prāyश्चittika (an offense requiring expiation). If a fugitive slave from the government seeks refuge with a Bhikkhu to become a monk, and the Bhikkhu knows this and shelters him without ordaining him, he still commits a grave offense.' Question: 'If a son ordains first, and the parents ordain later and seek refuge with their son, can the son ordain them?' Answer: 'Yes.' Question: 'Can a Bhikkhu who has violated the precepts ordain others?' Answer: 'One who has committed a grave offense has no right to ordain others. If he has committed a Saṃghādisesa offense, the same applies. If a Bhikkhu who has not completed five Vassas has committed other minor precepts, he must first confess before he can ordain others.' Question: 'A layperson seeks refuge with a Bhikkhu wanting to leave home, and the Bhikkhu accepts him, then invites an Upadhyaya and an Acarya (teacher) . Is the Bhikkhu who accepted him the teacher?' Answer: 'He is not the teacher. If the person later follows him to learn the Dharma, he can be considered a Dharma teacher. If he merely relies on and follows him, he can be considered a supporting teacher.' Question: 'If a Bhikkhu ordains many disciples or acts as one of the three teachers, but does not instruct them at all, what offense does he commit?' Answer: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
“犯堕。昔迦叶佛时有一比丘，度弟子不教诫。弟子多作非法，命终生龙中。龙法七日一受对，时火烧其身，肉尽骨在，寻复还复，复则复烧。不能堪苦，便自思惟：‘我宿何罪致苦如此耶？’便观宿命，自见本作沙门，不持禁戒，师亦不教。便作毒念，恚其本师，念欲伤害。会后其师与五百人乘船渡海，龙便出水捉船。众人即问：‘汝为是谁？’答：‘我是龙。’问：‘汝何以捉船？’答：‘汝若下此比丘，放汝使去。’问：‘此比丘何豫汝事？都不索余人，独索此比丘者何？’龙曰：‘此比丘本是我师，不教诫我，使我今日受如此苦痛，是以索之。’众人事不得止，便欲捉此比丘下着水中。比丘曰：‘我自入水，不须见捉。’即便投水丧灭身命，生诸苦处受罪无量。以此验之，度人事大，不可不教诫。” 问受戒事品第七 问：“沙弥犯十戒，或一二三不悔，受大戒得不？”答：“若忆而不忏，不得。都不忆，又不知法，已受得。夫受戒法师应问沙弥：‘汝犯戒不？’若言：‘犯。’即应教忏。若本师不问，坛上师应问。若都不问，师犯堕。” 问：“已受大戒，得悔沙弥时所犯不？”答：“得悔，悔法同沙弥时悔法。” 问：“沙弥坛上欲受大戒，或着俗服脚着履屣、或衣钵不具假借 现代汉语译本 ‘犯堕’（犯戒）。过去迦叶佛（Kāśyapa Buddha）时期，有一位比丘（bhikkhu，佛教僧侣）度化弟子却不教导告诫。弟子做了很多不合佛法的事情，死后转生为龙。龙每七天要接受一次惩罚，那时火会焚烧它的身体，肉烧尽只剩骨头，随即又恢复原状，恢复后又继续被烧。它无法忍受痛苦，便自己思量：‘我前世犯了什么罪导致现在如此痛苦呢？’于是观照宿命，看到自己前世是沙门（śrāmaṇa，出家求道者），不持守戒律，师父也不教导。因此产生了恶毒的念头，怨恨他的本师，想要加害。后来他的师父与五百人乘船渡海，龙便从水中出来抓住船。众人便问：‘你是谁？’回答：‘我是龙。’问：‘你为什么要抓船？’回答：‘你们如果把这个比丘放下船，我就放你们走。’问：‘这个比丘与你有什么关系？为什么不找其他人，唯独找这个比丘？’龙说：‘这个比丘原本是我的师父，他不教导告诫我，使我今日遭受如此痛苦，所以我要找他。’众人阻止不了，便想把这个比丘抓起来丢到水里。比丘说：‘我自己入水，不需要你们抓。’随即跳入水中丧失了性命，转生到各种痛苦的地方遭受无量的罪。由此可见，度化人是大事，不可不教导告诫。 问受戒事品第七 问：‘沙弥（śrāmaṇera，佛教出家男子）犯了十戒，或者犯了一两条三条，没有忏悔，受大戒可以吗？’答：‘如果记得而不忏悔，不可以。如果完全不记得，又不懂得戒律，已经受了戒也可以。’受戒的法师应该问沙弥：‘你犯戒了吗？’如果说：‘犯了。’就应该教他忏悔。如果本师不问，坛上的师父应该问。如果都不问，师父就犯了堕罪（pattita，一种较轻的罪）。’ 问：‘已经受了大戒，可以忏悔做沙弥时所犯的戒吗？’答：‘可以忏悔，忏悔的方法与做沙弥时的忏悔方法相同。’ 问：‘沙弥在坛上将要受大戒，或者穿着世俗的衣服，脚上穿着鞋子，或者衣钵（kasaya，佛教僧侣的袈裟和钵）不齐全，是借来的’
English
English version ‘Committing a transgression.’ In the past, during the time of Kāśyapa Buddha, there was a bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) who ordained disciples but did not teach or admonish them. The disciples committed many un-dharmic acts, and after death, they were reborn as dragons. The dragon had to endure a punishment every seven days, during which fire would burn its body, consuming its flesh and leaving only bones, which would then be restored, only to be burned again. Unable to bear the suffering, it pondered, ‘What sins did I commit in my past life that have led to such suffering?’ It then observed its past lives and saw that it had been a śrāmaṇa (ascetic), who did not uphold the precepts, and his teacher did not instruct him. Thus, it developed a poisonous thought, resenting its original teacher and desiring to harm him. Later, its teacher and five hundred others were crossing the sea in a boat, and the dragon emerged from the water and seized the boat. The people asked, ‘Who are you?’ It replied, ‘I am a dragon.’ They asked, ‘Why are you seizing the boat?’ It replied, ‘If you throw this bhikkhu off the boat, I will let you go.’ They asked, ‘What does this bhikkhu have to do with you? Why are you not seeking others, but only this bhikkhu?’ The dragon said, ‘This bhikkhu was originally my teacher, and he did not teach or admonish me, causing me to suffer such pain today, so I am seeking him.’ The people could not stop it and wanted to seize the bhikkhu and throw him into the water. The bhikkhu said, ‘I will enter the water myself; you do not need to seize me.’ He then jumped into the water, losing his life and being reborn in various places of suffering, enduring immeasurable sins. From this, it can be seen that ordaining people is a great matter, and one must not fail to teach and admonish them. Chapter 7: Questions on Ordination Question: ‘If a śrāmaṇera (Buddhist novice) violates the ten precepts, or one, two, or three of them, and does not repent, can he receive the full ordination?’ Answer: ‘If he remembers and does not repent, he cannot. If he does not remember at all and does not understand the precepts, he can receive the ordination.’ The Dharma master giving the ordination should ask the śrāmaṇera, ‘Have you violated any precepts?’ If he says, ‘I have,’ then he should be taught to repent. If the original teacher does not ask, the teacher on the altar should ask. If neither asks, the teacher commits a transgression (pattita, a minor offense).’ Question: ‘Having already received the full ordination, can one repent for the precepts violated when one was a śrāmaṇera?’ Answer: ‘One can repent; the method of repentance is the same as the method of repentance when one was a śrāmaṇera.’ Question: ‘When a śrāmaṇera is about to receive full ordination on the altar, and is wearing secular clothes, shoes on his feet, or his robes and bowl (kasaya, the robes and bowl of a Buddhist monk) are incomplete, or borrowed’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
。当时为得戒不？”答：“唯俗服，师不问，不得。其除尽得，师僧犯堕。” 问：“若有比丘不舍戒，或作沙弥、或即大道人而更受戒，为得戒不？”答：“不得。”问：“若不得戒，前所受戒故在不？”答：“在。”问：“后师故是师不？”答：“非。” 问：“多人受戒，而并请一人为师。可得十人五人一时受戒不？”答：“无此理。” 问：“沙弥受大戒，请一比丘为大戒师。而此比丘不知羯磨及受戒法，更转请一人与受戒。以何当为师？”答：“与受戒者是师，无戒法与者非师。” 问：“坛上师僧，或着俗服、或犯戒。受戒者得戒不？”答：“若受戒人知是非法，不得。不知，便得。” 问：“受戒时众僧不和、或相打骂，为得戒不？”答：“若坛上僧和得，不和不得。” 问：“受戒为有时节不？”答：“唯后夜不得，初夜中夜无灯烛亦不得。要须相睹形色乃得。” 问：“受戒时或值天雨，更移戒场屋下受戒，得戒不？”答：“不得。若欲移戒场，当先解大界更结戒场，乃得受戒。不尔者不得。” 问：“受戒时或有事难不得究竟，是大比丘非？”答：“但三羯磨讫便是。” 问：“受戒尽十三事，后诸戒师和上不续教诫，得具戒不？”答 现代汉语译本 问：‘当时这样能得到戒吗？’答：‘如果穿着俗家衣服，戒师不询问，就不能得戒。如果脱去俗服，其他情况都符合，就能得戒，但如果戒师或僧人犯了堕罪，就不能得戒。’ 问：‘如果有比丘（Bhikkhu，佛教出家男众）不舍弃戒律，或者去做沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，佛教出家男众预备阶段）、或者直接成为大道人（指在家修行者）然后重新受戒，能得到戒吗？’答：‘不能。’问：‘如果不能得戒，之前所受的戒律还在吗？’答：‘在。’问：‘后来的戒师还是戒师吗？’答：‘不是。’ 问：‘多人一起受戒，却只请一个人做戒师，可以十个人或五个人同时受戒吗？’答：‘没有这个道理。’ 问：‘沙弥（Śrāmaṇera，佛教出家男众预备阶段）受大戒（指比丘戒），请一位比丘（Bhikkhu，佛教出家男众）做大戒师。而这位比丘不懂羯磨（Karma，业）以及受戒的仪轨，又转请另一个人来帮助受戒。应该以谁为戒师呢？’答：‘帮助受戒的人是戒师，没有传授戒法的人不是戒师。’ 问：‘戒坛上的戒师或僧人，如果穿着俗家衣服，或者犯了戒律，受戒的人能得戒吗？’答：‘如果受戒的人知道这是不如法的，就不能得戒。如果不知道，就能得戒。’ 问：‘受戒的时候，众僧不和合，或者互相打骂，能得戒吗？’答：‘如果戒坛上的僧人和合，就能得戒，不和合就不能得戒。’ 问：‘受戒有时间限制吗？’答：‘只有后半夜不可以，前半夜和中半夜没有灯烛也不可以。一定要能够互相看清楚形貌才可以。’ 问：‘受戒的时候，如果遇到下雨，改到屋檐下受戒，能得戒吗？’答：‘不能。如果要移动戒坛，应当先解除大界（Sīmā，结界范围），重新结戒坛，才能受戒。否则就不能得戒。’ 问：‘受戒的时候，如果遇到困难无法完成所有程序，还能算是大比丘（Bhikkhu，佛教出家男众）吗？’答：‘只要三次羯磨（Karma，业）完成就可以了。’ 问：‘受戒完成了十三事，之后诸位戒师和和尚（Upādhyāya，亲教师）没有继续教诫，能得到具足戒吗？’答