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大正藏第 24 册 No. 1452 根本说一切有部尼陀那目得迦 No. 1452 根本说一切有部尼陀那卷第一 大唐三藏法师义净奉 制译 大门总摄颂曰： 初明受近圆， 次分亡人物， 圆坛并户钩， 菩萨像五门。 别门初总摄颂曰： 近圆知日数， 界别不入地， 界边五众居， 不截皮生肉。 第一子摄颂曰： 近圆男女状， 非近圆为师， 难等十无师， 莫授我七岁。 尔时薄伽梵在室罗伐城逝多林给孤独园。具寿邬波离来诣佛所，礼双足已在一面坐，合掌恭敬白佛言：“世尊！若苾刍与他受近圆时，彼若根转，得名善受不？”佛言：“是受近圆，应可移向苾刍尼处。” “复次世尊！若苾刍与他男子受近圆时，而此男子作女人音声、女人意乐及形状法式，此人得名为受近圆不？”佛言：“邬波离！是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若苾刍尼与他女人受近圆时，而此女人作男子音声、男子意乐及形状法式，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“是受近圆，诸苾刍尼得越法罪。” “若以不受近圆人为亲教师，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若人 现代汉语译本 大正藏第 24 册 No. 1452 根本说一切有部尼陀那目得迦 No. 1452 根本说一切有部尼陀那卷第一 大唐三藏法师义净奉 旨译 大门总摄颂曰： 初明受近圆， 次分亡人物， 圆坛并户钩， 菩萨像五门。 别门初总摄颂曰： 近圆知日数， 界别不入地， 界边五众居， 不截皮生肉。 第一子摄颂曰： 近圆男女状， 非近圆为师， 难等十无师， 莫授我七岁。 尔时，薄伽梵（Bhagavan，世尊）在室罗伐城（Śrāvastī）逝多林给孤独园（Jetavana-anāthapindika-ārāma）。具寿邬波离（Upāli）来诣佛所，礼双足已在一面坐，合掌恭敬白佛言：‘世尊！若苾刍（bhikṣu，比丘）与他受近圆（upasampadā，受具足戒）时，彼若根转，得名善受不？’佛言：‘是受近圆，应可移向苾刍尼（bhikṣuṇī，比丘尼）处。’ ‘复次，世尊！若苾刍与他男子受近圆时，而此男子作女人音声、女人意乐及形状法式，此人得名为受近圆不？’佛言：‘邬波离！是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。’ ‘若苾刍尼与他女人受近圆时，而此女人作男子音声、男子意乐及形状法式，此人得名受近圆不？’佛言：‘是受近圆，诸苾刍尼得越法罪。’ ‘若以不受近圆人为亲教师，此人得名受近圆不？’佛言：‘是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。’ ‘若人
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English version T24 No. 1452 Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-nidāna-mātṛkā No. 1452 Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-nidāna, Volume 1 Translated under Imperial Order by the Tripiṭaka Master Yijing of the Great Tang Dynasty Summary Verse for the Main Section: First, explain upasampadā, then divide deceased persons, Circular altar and door hook, Bodhisattva image with five doors. Initial Summary Verse for the Separate Section: Know the number of days for upasampadā, boundaries separate, not entering the ground, Five assemblies reside at the edge of the boundary, not cutting skin to produce flesh. Summary Verse for the First Subsection: Appearance of male and female for upasampadā, one who has not received upasampadā as a teacher, Difficulties, etc., ten without a teacher, do not ordain me at seven years old. At that time, the Bhagavan (世尊) was in Śrāvastī (室羅伐城) in the Jetavana-anāthapindika-ārāma (逝多林給孤獨園). The Venerable Upāli (鄔波離) came to the Buddha's place, bowed at his feet, sat to one side, and, with palms joined respectfully, said to the Buddha: 'Bhagavan, if a bhikṣu (苾芻, monk) gives upasampadā (近圓, full ordination) to another, and that person's gender changes, is it considered a valid ordination?' The Buddha said: 'It is upasampadā, and should be transferred to the bhikṣuṇī (苾芻尼, nun) order.' 'Furthermore, Bhagavan, if a bhikṣu gives upasampadā to a man, but this man acts with the voice, inclinations, and mannerisms of a woman, is this person considered to have received upasampadā?' The Buddha said: 'Upāli, it is upasampadā, and the bhikṣus incur a transgression.' 'If a bhikṣuṇī gives upasampadā to a woman, but this woman acts with the voice, inclinations, and mannerisms of a man, is this person considered to have received upasampadā?' The Buddha said: 'It is upasampadā, and the bhikṣuṇīs incur a transgression.' 'If a person who has not received upasampadā is taken as the preceptor, is this person considered to have received upasampadā?' The Buddha said: 'It is upasampadā, and the bhikṣus incur a transgression.' 'If a person --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
身有难事，自言我有，诸苾刍为受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“不名受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若人身无难事，自言我有，诸苾刍为受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若人实有难事，自言我无诸难，苾刍为受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“不名受近圆，诸苾刍无犯。” “若人实无难事，复自言无，诸苾刍为受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“此名善受。” “若苾刍与出家者未受十戒而受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“是受，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若人受近圆时，亲教师不现前，诸苾刍为受近圆，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“是受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “若人受近圆时，作如是语：‘莫授我近圆。’诸苾刍为受，此人得名受近圆不？”佛言：“非受近圆，诸苾刍得越法罪。” “如世尊说：‘若人年满七岁能驱乌鸟，应与出家。’者，大德！若有童子年始六岁，于僧食厨能驱乌鸟，此人应与出家不？”佛言：“许满七岁，此不应与。”“若满七岁不能驱乌，与出家不？”佛言：“不应，许能驱乌故。” 第二子摄颂曰： 日数每应知、 告白夜须减、 六日十八日、 现代汉语译本 ‘如果一个人身有残疾，却谎称自己没有，比丘（Bhikkhu，佛教僧侣）们为他授近圆戒（Upasampada，佛教中的高级出家仪式），这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘不算受了近圆戒，比丘们犯了越法罪。’ ‘如果一个人身无残疾，却谎称自己有，比丘们为他授近圆戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘算是受了近圆戒，比丘们犯了越法罪。’ ‘如果一个人确实有残疾，却谎称自己没有残疾，比丘们为他授近圆戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘不算受了近圆戒，比丘们没有犯戒。’ ‘如果一个人确实没有残疾，也如实说自己没有，比丘们为他授近圆戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘这算是善受。’ ‘如果比丘为尚未受过十戒（Dasasila，沙弥应守的十条戒律）的出家人授近圆戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘算是受了，比丘们犯了越法罪。’ ‘如果一个人受近圆戒时，亲教师（Upajjhaya，戒师）没有在场，比丘们为他授近圆戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘算是受了近圆戒，比丘们犯了越法罪。’ ‘如果一个人受近圆戒时，说：‘不要给我授近圆戒。’比丘们还是为他授戒，这个人算是受了近圆戒吗？’佛说：‘不算受了近圆戒，比丘们犯了越法罪。’ ‘如世尊（Bhagavan，佛的尊称）所说：‘如果一个人年满七岁能驱赶乌鸦，就应该允许他出家。’那么，大德（Bhadanta，对僧侣的尊称）！如果有个童子年仅六岁，能在僧众的厨房里驱赶乌鸦，这个人应该允许他出家吗？’佛说：‘允许的是满七岁，这个人不应该允许。’‘如果满七岁却不能驱赶乌鸦，允许他出家吗？’佛说：‘不应该，因为允许的是能驱赶乌鸦的。’ 第二子摄颂说： 日数每应知、 告白夜须减、 六日十八日、
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English version ‘If a person has difficulties but claims they do not, and the Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks) administer Upasampada (higher ordination) to them, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They are not considered to have received Upasampada, and the Bhikkhus commit an offense against the Dharma.’ ‘If a person has no difficulties but claims they do, and the Bhikkhus administer Upasampada to them, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They are considered to have received Upasampada, and the Bhikkhus commit an offense against the Dharma.’ ‘If a person actually has difficulties but claims they have none, and the Bhikkhus administer Upasampada to them, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They are not considered to have received Upasampada, and the Bhikkhus commit no offense.’ ‘If a person actually has no difficulties and truthfully says they have none, and the Bhikkhus administer Upasampada to them, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘This is considered a good reception.’ ‘If a Bhikkhu administers Upasampada to a renunciant who has not yet received the ten precepts (Dasasila, the ten precepts for novices), is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They are considered to have received it, and the Bhikkhus commit an offense against the Dharma.’ ‘If a person is receiving Upasampada and the Preceptor (Upajjhaya, ordination teacher) is not present, and the Bhikkhus administer Upasampada to them, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They are considered to have received Upasampada, and the Bhikkhus commit an offense against the Dharma.’ ‘If a person, while receiving Upasampada, says, ‘Do not administer Upasampada to me,’ and the Bhikkhus still administer it, is this person considered to have received Upasampada?’ The Buddha said, ‘They have not received Upasampada, and the Bhikkhus commit an offense against the Dharma.’ ‘As the Bhagavan (Buddha's title) said, ‘If a person is seven years old and can drive away crows, they should be allowed to renounce.’ Then, Venerable (Bhadanta, a respectful term for monks)! If a child is only six years old but can drive away crows in the monastic kitchen, should this person be allowed to renounce?’ The Buddha said, ‘What is permitted is seven years old; this person should not be allowed.’ ‘If they are seven years old but cannot drive away crows, should they be allowed to renounce?’ The Buddha said, ‘They should not, because what is permitted is being able to drive away crows.’ The summary verse of the second son says: Days should always be known, Announcement nights must be reduced, Six days, eighteen days, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 说戒不应频。
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尔时佛在室罗伐城，有婆罗门居士等至苾刍所问言：“阿离耶！今是何日？”答言：“不知。”诸人告曰：“圣者！外道之类于诸日数及以星历悉皆善识，仁等亦应知日数星历。云何不解而为出家？”遂默不答。诸苾刍以缘白佛，佛言：“我今听诸苾刍知日数星历。”时诸苾刍悉皆学数星历及以算法，便生扰乱废修善业，佛言：“应令一人学数。”虽闻佛教，不知谁当合数？佛言：“应令众首上座数之。”是时上座忘失其数，使知事人亦不能忆，佛言：“可作泥珠、或作竹筹，满十五枚，每日移一。”如此作时被风吹乱，佛言：“应取十五枚竹片，可长四五指，一头穿孔以绳贯之，挂壁要处，每日移一。”时彼举众皆共移筹，佛言：“上座及知事者应移。”时有婆罗门居士至苾刍所问言：“圣者！今是何日？”彼便报曰：“仁今可问上座及知事人。”诸人告曰：“仁等亦有计番当直知日人耶？”时诸苾刍默然无答。以缘白佛，佛言：“应可作白普告众人。”时诸苾刍随处告白，佛言：“不应随处作白，然于众集，在上座前而为秉白：‘大众应知：今是月一日。’”诸俗闻说复云：“仁等岂可不说半月黑白分耶？”答言：“不作。”苾刍白佛，佛言：“当称黑白月分。应如是说：若于晡后大众 现代汉语译本 不应频繁地说戒。 当时，佛陀在室罗伐城（Śrāvastī，古印度城市）时，有一些婆罗门（Brahmin，印度教祭司）居士来到比丘（bhiksu，佛教僧侣）处问道：‘阿离耶（Arya，圣者）！今天是什么日子？’比丘回答说：‘不知道。’那些人责备说：‘圣者！外道（非佛教徒）之类的人对各种日子以及星象历法都非常熟悉，你们也应该知道日子和星象历法。为什么不了解这些而出家呢？’比丘们沉默不语。这些比丘将此事禀告佛陀，佛陀说：‘我现在允许比丘们学习日子和星象历法。’当时，比丘们都学习数字、星象历法以及算法，于是产生了扰乱，荒废了修行善业。佛陀说：‘应该让一个人学习数字。’虽然听闻了佛陀的教诲，但不知道谁应当负责计算。佛陀说：‘应该让僧团的首座（上座）来计算。’当时，上座忘记了数字，让知事者（负责僧团事务的人）也无法记住。佛陀说：‘可以制作泥珠，或者制作竹筹，满十五枚，每天移动一枚。’这样做的时候，被风吹乱了。佛陀说：‘应该取十五枚竹片，可以长四五指，一头穿孔用绳子串起来，挂在墙壁要紧的地方，每天移动一枚。’当时，整个僧团都一起移动竹筹。佛陀说：‘上座和知事者应该移动。’当时，有婆罗门居士来到比丘处问道：‘圣者！今天是什么日子？’比丘便回答说：‘您可以去问上座和知事者。’那些人责备说：‘你们也有负责轮流当值知道日子的人吗？’当时，比丘们沉默不语，没有回答。他们将此事禀告佛陀，佛陀说：‘应该发布公告告知众人。’当时，比丘们随处发布公告。佛陀说：‘不应该随处发布公告，而应该在僧团集会时，在上座面前禀告：‘大众应该知道：今天是某月一日。’’一些在家信徒听了之后又说：‘你们难道不应该说半月的黑白（指阴历的上半月和下半月）吗？’比丘回答说：‘不作说明。’比丘将此事禀告佛陀，佛陀说：‘应当说明黑白月分。应该这样说：如果在傍晚之后，大众……’
English
English version One should not frequently recite the precepts. At that time, the Buddha was in Śrāvastī (an ancient Indian city). Some Brahmin (Hindu priests) householders came to the bhiksus (Buddhist monks) and asked: 'Arya (noble one)! What day is it today?' The bhiksus replied: 'We do not know.' Those people reproached them, saying: 'Venerable ones! Those of other (non-Buddhist) religions are skilled in all kinds of dates and astronomical calendars. You should also know the dates and astronomical calendars. Why are you ignorant of these things after having renounced the world?' The bhiksus remained silent and did not answer. The bhiksus reported this matter to the Buddha, and the Buddha said: 'I now allow the bhiksus to learn dates and astronomical calendars.' At that time, all the bhiksus learned numbers, astronomical calendars, and arithmetic, which caused disturbances and neglected the cultivation of good deeds. The Buddha said: 'One person should be assigned to learn numbers.' Although they heard the Buddha's teachings, they did not know who should be responsible for the calculations. The Buddha said: 'The sangha's leader (the senior monk) should calculate it.' At that time, the senior monk forgot the numbers, and the person in charge of affairs (the one responsible for sangha affairs) could not remember either. The Buddha said: 'You can make mud beads or bamboo tallies, fifteen in total, and move one each day.' When they did this, they were blown away by the wind. The Buddha said: 'You should take fifteen bamboo pieces, about four or five fingers long, pierce a hole in one end, string them together with a rope, and hang them in an important place on the wall, moving one each day.' At that time, the entire sangha moved the tallies together. The Buddha said: 'The senior monk and the person in charge of affairs should move them.' At that time, a Brahmin householder came to the bhiksus and asked: 'Venerable ones! What day is it today?' The bhiksus then replied: 'You can ask the senior monk and the person in charge of affairs.' Those people reproached them, saying: 'Do you also have someone assigned to be on duty to know the date?' At that time, the bhiksus remained silent and did not answer. They reported this matter to the Buddha, and the Buddha said: 'You should make a public announcement to inform everyone.' At that time, the bhiksus made announcements everywhere. The Buddha said: 'You should not make announcements everywhere, but rather when the sangha gathers, you should announce before the senior monk: 'The sangha should know: Today is the first day of the month.'' Some lay followers, after hearing this, said: 'Should you not also say the dark and white halves of the month (referring to the waxing and waning halves of the lunar month)?' The bhiksus replied: 'We do not make such announcements.' The bhiksus reported this matter to the Buddha, and the Buddha said: 'You should state the dark and white halves of the month. You should say it like this: If after dusk, the sangha...' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------