Chinese
大正藏第 23 册 No. 1436 十诵比丘波罗提木叉戒本 No. 1436 十诵比丘波罗提木叉戒本 姚秦三藏鸠摩罗什译 “大德僧听！冬时一月过少一夜，余有一夜三月在。老死至近，佛法欲灭。诸大德！为得道故，一心勤精进。所以者何？诸佛一心勤精进故，得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提，何况余善道法！”“未受具戒者已出。”“僧今和合，先作何事？”(一人应言：“布萨说戒。”)“诸大德！不来诸比丘，说欲及清净。” “合十指爪掌， 供养释师子； 我今欲说戒， 僧当一心听！ 乃至小罪中， 心应大怖畏； 有罪一心悔， 后更莫复犯。 心马驰恶道， 放逸难禁制； 佛说切戒行， 亦如利辔勒。 佛口说教诫， 善者能信受； 是人马调顺， 能破烦恼军。 若不受教敕， 亦不爱乐戒； 是人马不调， 没在烦恼军。 若人守护戒， 如牦牛爱尾； 系心不放逸， 亦如猴着锁。 日夜常精进， 求实智慧故； 是人佛法中， 能得清净命。” “大德僧听！今十五日布萨说波罗提木叉。若僧时到僧忍听，僧一心作布萨说波罗提木叉，白如是。” “诸大德！今共作布萨 现代汉语译本 《十诵比丘波罗提木叉戒本》 姚秦三藏鸠摩罗什译 ‘诸位大德僧众请听！冬天已经过去一个月，还剩下只有一夜的三月。老死非常逼近，佛法将要衰灭。各位大德！为了证得道果，应当一心勤奋精进。为什么呢？因为诸佛一心勤奋精进的缘故，才证得了阿耨多罗三藐三菩提（Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi，无上正等正觉），更何况其他的善道之法呢！’‘未受具足戒的人已经离开。’‘现在僧团和合，首先应当做什么事？’（一人应答：‘举行布萨（Posadha，又作“斋戒”）并宣说戒律。’）‘各位大德！没有前来的比丘，应当陈述他们的欲求和清净。’ ‘合起十指，掌心相对，供养释迦牟尼佛；我现在想要宣说戒律，僧众应当一心谛听！乃至对于微小的罪过，心中也应当生起极大的怖畏；如果犯了罪，应当一心忏悔，以后更不要再犯。心如野马奔驰于恶道，放纵难以禁止；佛所说的种种戒行，就像锋利的缰绳。佛口所说的教诫，善良的人能够信受；这样的人就像调顺的马，能够摧破烦恼大军。如果不接受教敕，也不喜爱戒律；这样的人就像不调顺的马，沉没在烦恼大军中。如果有人守护戒律，就像牦牛爱惜自己的尾巴；系缚自己的心念不放逸，就像猴子被锁链束缚。日夜常常精进，为了寻求真实的智慧；这样的人在佛法中，能够得到清净的生命。’ ‘诸位大德僧众请听！今天是十五日，举行布萨并宣说波罗提木叉（Pratimoksha，别解脱戒）。如果僧团认为时机已到，请允许僧团一心举行布萨并宣说波罗提木叉，禀白如上。’ ‘各位大德！现在共同举行布萨。
English
English version The Pratimoksha (戒本) for Bhikshus (比丘) in the Ten Recitations (十誦) Translated by Kumarajiva (鸠摩罗什) of the Yao Qin (姚秦) Dynasty ‘Venerable Sangha (僧) listen! One month of winter has passed, leaving only one night of the three months remaining. Old age and death are approaching closely, and the Buddha's Dharma (佛法) is about to decline. Venerable ones! For the sake of attaining the Path (道), diligently strive with one mind. Why is that? Because all Buddhas (佛) attained Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (阿耨多罗三藐三菩提, unsurpassed perfect enlightenment) through diligent striving with one mind, how much more so for other virtuous practices!’ ‘Those who have not received the full precepts (具戒) have already left.’ ‘Now that the Sangha is assembled in harmony, what should be done first?’ (One person should respond: ‘Hold the Posadha (布萨, fortnightly ceremony) and recite the precepts.’) ‘Venerable ones! Those Bhikshus who have not come should declare their desires and purity.’ ‘Joining the ten fingertips, palms together, offering to Shakyamuni Buddha (释师子); I now wish to recite the precepts, the Sangha should listen attentively with one mind! Even for the smallest offenses, one should have great fear in one's heart; if one has committed an offense, one should repent with one mind, and never repeat it again. The mind is like a wild horse galloping on evil paths, and is difficult to restrain when unrestrained; the various precepts spoken by the Buddha are like sharp reins. The teachings spoken by the Buddha's mouth, the virtuous are able to believe and accept; such a person is like a well-trained horse, able to destroy the army of afflictions. If one does not accept teachings, nor love the precepts; such a person is like an untrained horse, submerged in the army of afflictions. If one guards the precepts, like a yak cherishing its tail; restraining one's mind without negligence, like a monkey bound by chains. Constantly striving day and night, seeking true wisdom; such a person in the Buddha's Dharma, is able to obtain a pure life.’ ‘Venerable Sangha listen! Today is the fifteenth day, holding the Posadha and reciting the Pratimoksha (波罗提木叉, code of monastic discipline). If the Sangha deems the time is right, please allow the Sangha to hold the Posadha and recite the Pratimoksha with one mind, reporting as such.’ ‘Venerable ones! Now, let us together hold the Posadha. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
说波罗提木叉，僧一心善听，有罪者发露，无罪者默然。默然故，当知诸大德清净。如一一比丘问答，是比丘众中三唱亦如是。若有比丘如是比丘众中第三唱，忆有罪不发露，得故妄语罪。诸大德！故妄语罪，佛说遮道法。比丘于此中欲求清净，忆有罪应发露，发露则安隐，不发露罪益深。”“诸大德！已说波罗提木叉序，今问诸大德是中清净不？”第二、第三亦如是问：“是中清净不？” “诸大德！是中清净，默然故，是事如是持。” “诸大德！是四波罗夷法，半月半月波罗提木叉中说。 “若比丘，共诸比丘入戒法中，不还戒、戒羸不出，行淫法乃至共畜生，是比丘得波罗夷罪，不应共事。 “若比丘，若聚落中、若空地，不与取，名盗物。如不与物取故，若王、若王等，若捉、若杀、若缚、若摈，若输金罪，若如是言：‘咄！汝小儿！汝痴！汝贼！’如是相，比丘不与物取，是比丘得波罗夷罪，不应共事。 “若比丘，若人、若似人，故自手夺命，若自持刀与、若教人持与，若教死、若赞死，若如是语：‘咄！人用恶活为？死胜生。’随彼心乐死、种种因缘教死赞死，是人因是事死，是比丘得波罗夷罪，不应共事。 “若比丘，空无所有，不知不见过人法圣利满足， 现代汉语译本：现在宣说《波罗提木叉》（Pratimoksha，戒律），僧团应一心谛听。有罪的比丘应当坦白，无罪的比丘保持沉默。因为沉默，应当知道各位大德是清净的。像一个一个比丘问答一样，在比丘僧团中三次唱诵也是这样。如果有比丘在这样的比丘僧团中第三次唱诵时，记得自己有罪而不坦白，就犯了故意妄语罪。各位大德！佛陀说过，故意妄语罪是遮蔽解脱道的法。比丘在此中想要寻求清净，记得有罪就应当坦白，坦白就能得到安稳，不坦白罪过就会更加深重。”“各位大德！已经宣说了《波罗提木叉》的序言，现在问各位大德，这里面清净吗？”第二次、第三次也这样问：“这里面清净吗？” “各位大德！这里面清净，因为沉默，这件事就这样确定了。” “各位大德！这是四条《波罗夷法》（Parajika，断头罪），每半个月在《波罗提木叉》中宣说。 “如果比丘，与各位比丘一同进入戒律之中，不舍弃戒律、戒行衰弱也不退出，行淫欲之事乃至与畜生行淫，这位比丘就犯了《波罗夷罪》，不应再与他共事。 “如果比丘，在村落中或者空旷之地，不经允许拿取财物，这叫做盗取。因为不经允许拿取财物，如果国王或者与国王地位相等的人，捉拿、杀害、捆绑、驱逐，或者判处罚金，或者这样说：‘呸！你这小儿！你这愚痴之人！你这盗贼！’像这样的情况，比丘不经允许拿取财物，这位比丘就犯了《波罗夷罪》，不应再与他共事。 “如果比丘，无论是人还是像人一样的众生，故意亲手结束其生命，或者亲自递刀给他人，或者教唆他人递刀，或者教唆他人去死，或者赞叹死亡，或者这样说：‘唉！人活着有什么用？死亡胜过生存。’随顺那人喜欢死亡的心意，用种种因缘教唆死亡、赞叹死亡，这个人因为这件事而死，这位比丘就犯了《波罗夷罪》，不应再与他共事。 “如果比丘，实际上空无所有，既没有证知也没有见到超凡的圣法功德，
English
English version: Now I will recite the Pratimoksha (the code of monastic discipline), may the Sangha (community) listen attentively with one mind. Those who have transgressions should confess them; those who are without transgression should remain silent. Because of your silence, know that the venerable ones are pure. Just as questions and answers are made to individual Bhikkhus (monks), so it is done with three recitations in the assembly of Bhikkhus. If any Bhikkhu, after the third recitation in such an assembly of Bhikkhus, remembers having a transgression but does not confess it, he commits the offense of intentional lying. Venerable ones! The Buddha has said that the offense of intentional lying is a Dharma (teaching) that obstructs the path [to liberation]. A Bhikkhu who desires purity in this matter should confess any transgression he remembers. Confession brings peace; non-confession deepens the offense.' 'Venerable ones! The prologue to the Pratimoksha has been recited. Now I ask the venerable ones, are you pure in this matter?' The second and third times, it is asked in the same way: 'Are you pure in this matter?' 'Venerable ones! You are pure in this matter. Because of your silence, this matter is thus confirmed.' 'Venerable ones! These are the four Parajika (defeats) rules, which are recited in the Pratimoksha every half-month. 'If a Bhikkhu, having entered the precepts with other Bhikkhus, does not renounce the precepts, does not leave even with weakened precepts, engages in sexual acts even with animals, that Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. 'If a Bhikkhu, in a village or in an empty place, takes what is not given, which is called stealing. Because of taking what is not given, if the king or someone equal to the king, seizes, kills, binds, banishes, or imposes a fine, or says such things as: 'Bah! You little child! You fool! You thief!' In such cases, if a Bhikkhu takes what is not given, that Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. 'If a Bhikkhu, whether it be a human or a being resembling a human, intentionally takes the life with his own hand, or gives a knife to another, or instructs another to give a knife, or encourages death, or praises death, or says such things as: 'Alas! What is the use of living a miserable life? Death is better than life.' Following that person's desire for death, through various means encouraging death and praising death, and that person dies because of this, that Bhikkhu has committed a Parajika offense and should not be associated with. 'If a Bhikkhu, being actually empty and without any attainment, neither knowing nor seeing the superior human qualities and the satisfaction of sacred benefits, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
若知、若见作是语：‘我如是知、如是见。’是比丘后时若问、若不问，为出罪求清净故，作是言：‘我不知言知、不见言见。’空诳妄语，是比丘得波罗夷罪，不应共事；除增上慢。 “诸大德！已说四波罗夷法，若比丘犯一一法，是比丘不得共住，不得共事，如前后亦如是，是比丘得波罗夷罪，不应共事。”“今问诸大德是中清净不？”第二、第三亦如是问：“是中清净不？”“诸大德！是中清净，默然故，是事如是持。” “诸大德！是十三僧伽婆尸沙法，半月半月波罗提木叉中说。 “若比丘，故出精，是比丘僧伽婆尸沙；除梦中。 “若比丘，淫乱变心，与女人身共合，若捉手、若捉臂、若捉发、若捉一一身分，若上若下摩，着细滑，僧伽婆尸沙。 “若比丘，淫乱变心，淫欲粗恶不善语，呼女人如年少男女相，僧伽婆尸沙。 “若比丘，淫乱变心，于女人前赞自供养己身语：‘姊妹！如我等比丘，持戒、断淫欲、行善法。姊妹！淫欲法供养，是第一供养。’僧伽婆尸沙。 “若比丘，行媒法，持男意至女边、持女意至男边，若为妇事、若私通事，乃至一交会时，僧伽婆尸沙。 “若比丘，无主为身自乞欲作房应量作，是房量：长十二佛磔手、内广七磔 现代汉语译本： 若有人知道或见到某些事情，却说：‘我就是这样知道的，就是这样见到的。’这个比丘之后，无论被问或不被问，为了摆脱罪责、寻求清净，却说：‘我不知道却说知道，没见到却说见到。’这就是虚假的谎言，这个比丘犯了波罗夷罪（Pārājika，断头罪），不应该再一起共事；除非是增上慢（adhimāna，未证言证）。 诸位大德！以上已经说了四条波罗夷法，如果比丘触犯了其中任何一条，这个比丘就不能再一起居住，不能再一起共事，无论之前还是之后都是一样，这个比丘犯了波罗夷罪，不应该再一起共事。现在问诸位大德，这里面是否清净？’第二次、第三次也这样问：‘这里面是否清净？’诸位大德！这里面是清净的，因为大家默然不语，这件事就这样确定了。 诸位大德！以下是十三条僧伽婆尸沙法（Saṃghādisesa，僧残罪），每半个月在波罗提木叉（Prātimokṣa，戒经）中宣说。 如果比丘，故意遗精，这个比丘犯僧伽婆尸沙罪；除非是在梦中。 如果比丘，心生**，与女人身体接触，无论是拉手、拉胳膊、拉头发、还是触摸身体的各个部位，无论是上面还是下面，进行爱抚，犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。 如果比丘，心生**，说出关于淫欲的粗俗、恶劣、不善的言语，像对待年轻男女一样称呼女人，犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。 如果比丘，心生**，在女人面前赞美自己供养自身的话语：‘姐妹！像我们这样的比丘，持戒、断除淫欲、修行善法。姐妹！对淫欲法的供养，是第一等的供养。’犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。 如果比丘，做媒人的事情，把男人的意思带到女人那里，把女人的意思带到男人那里，无论是为了娶妻的事情，还是私通的事情，乃至一次性交合，犯僧伽婆尸沙罪。 如果比丘，没有施主为自己乞求，想要自己建造房屋，应该按照规定的尺寸建造，这个房屋的尺寸是：长度为十二佛磔手（佛的拃），内部宽度为七磔
English
English version: If someone knows or sees something and says: 'I know thus, I see thus,' and later, whether asked or not, in order to be absolved of guilt and seek purity, says: 'I said I knew when I did not know, I said I saw when I did not see,' this is a false lie. This bhikkhu (monk) commits a Pārājika (defeat) offense and should not be associated with; except in the case of adhimāna (exaggerated conceit). Venerable ones! The four Pārājika rules have been stated. If a bhikkhu commits any one of these rules, that bhikkhu cannot live together, cannot associate together, whether before or after. That bhikkhu commits a Pārājika offense and should not be associated with. Now I ask the venerable ones, are you pure in this matter?' The second and third time, he asks in the same way: 'Are you pure in this matter?' Venerable ones! You are pure in this matter, because you are silent. Thus, this matter is settled. Venerable ones! These are the thirteen Saṃghādisesa (formal meeting) rules, recited in the Prātimokṣa (monastic rules) every half month. If a bhikkhu intentionally emits semen, that bhikkhu commits a Saṃghādisesa offense; except in a dream. If a bhikkhu, with **ed mind, engages in physical contact with a woman, whether by holding her hand, holding her arm, holding her hair, or touching any part of her body, whether above or below, with **ing touch, it is a Saṃghādisesa offense. If a bhikkhu, with **ed mind, speaks lewd, crude, and unwholesome words related to sexual desire, addressing a woman as if she were a young man or woman, it is a Saṃghādisesa offense. If a bhikkhu, with **ed mind, praises himself before a woman, speaking of the merits of his own practice: 'Sister! Bhikkhus like us observe the precepts, abandon sexual desire, and practice the good Dhamma. Sister! Offering to the practice of sexual abstinence is the highest offering.' It is a Saṃghādisesa offense. If a bhikkhu acts as a matchmaker, carrying a man's intentions to a woman or a woman's intentions to a man, whether for marriage or for illicit affairs, even for a single act of intercourse, it is a Saṃghādisesa offense. If a bhikkhu, without a patron to request on his behalf, desires to build a dwelling for himself, it should be built according to the prescribed measurements: twelve Buddha-spans in length and seven spans in interior width. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------