English
English version: ‘Maintain.’ Next, the characteristics of downfall are explained (At that time, the Bhikshus, having received the full precepts, were returning ahead. When a newly ordained person committed a serious offense, the Buddha said, ‘After receiving the full precepts, one should explain the twelve dharmas: the four downfall dharmas, the four simile dharmas, and the four reliance dharmas.’). ‘You, so-and-so, listen! The World Honored One, the Arhat, the Samyak-sambuddha, speaks of these four downfall dharmas. If a Bhikshu commits any one of these dharmas, he is not a descendant of the Shakya clan. You must never, even with lustful thoughts, look at a woman. If a Bhikshu engages in sexual conduct, even with an animal, he is not a Shramana, not a descendant of the Shakya clan. You should not commit this for the rest of your life. Can you maintain this?’ (He answers, ‘I can maintain this.’) ‘You must never take even a blade of grass without being given it. If a Bhikshu steals five coins, or items worth five coins, he is not a Shramana, not a descendant of the Shakya clan. You should not commit this for the rest of your life. Can you maintain this?’ (He answers, ‘I can maintain this.’) ‘You must never kill even an ant. If a Bhikshu, whether a human or of human kind, kills with his own hand, or instructs others to kill, or seeks a knife to give to another, or instructs another to die, or praises death: ‘Alas, great man! What is the use of living badly! Death is better than life.’ he is not a Shramana, not a descendant of the Shakya clan. You should not commit this for the rest of your life. Can you maintain this?’ (He answers, ‘I can maintain this.’) ‘You must never even tell a joking lie. If a Bhikshu actually does not have superior human qualities, but claims to have attained superior human qualities: the various Dhyanas (meditative states), liberation (from afflictions), Samadhi-samapatti (correct meditative absorption), and the various fruits of the path (results of cultivation), he is not a Shramana, not a descendant of the Shakya clan. You should not commit this for the rest of your life. Can you maintain this?’ (He answers, ‘I can maintain this.’) ‘The Buddhas, the World Honored Ones, in order to demonstrate this matter, skillfully spoke of similes, just as a person who dies can never be reborn with this body again, as the eye of a needle that is broken can never be used as a needle again, as the heart of a Tala tree (a type of palm tree) that is cut off will no longer grow, increase, or expand, as a stone that is broken cannot be rejoined. If a Bhikshu commits any one of the downfall dharmas, and can still regain the status of a Bhikshu, there is no such possibility.’ Receiving the Four Reliances (should be said thus). ‘You, so-and-so’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
甲听！世尊、应供、等正觉说四依法。比丘尽形寿依粪扫衣住，出家受具足戒。能持不？”(答言：“能。”)“若后得劫贝衣、钦婆罗衣、拘舍那衣、他家衣，皆是长得。” “比丘尽形寿依乞食住，出家受具足戒。能持不？”(答言：“能。”)“若后得僧前食、后食、请食，皆是长得。” “比丘尽形寿依树下住，出家受具足戒。能持不？”(答言：“能。”)“若后得大小屋、重屋，皆是长得。” “比丘尽形寿依残弃药住，出家受具足戒。能持不？”(答言：“能。”)“若后得酥、油、蜜、石蜜，皆是长得。”(复应语言) “汝某甲听！汝白四羯磨得如法受具足戒竟，诸天龙鬼神皆作是愿：‘我何时当得人身，于正法律中出家受具足戒？’汝今已得。如人受王位，汝受比丘法亦如是。当忍易共语、恭敬受诫。余戒，和上阿阇梨当广为汝说。汝当早得具足学三戒、灭三火、离三界，无复诸垢，成阿罗汉。”(时受戒人不知年岁及受戒时，佛言：“应教令知。汝受戒时某年月日，汝应尽寿忆是事。”诸律及论并云：和上阇梨为记春夏之冬时，某月某日乃至量影。此律又云：时诸比丘无上下坐，不相恭敬，为俗讥呵。佛言：“畜生尚有尊卑，况我正法而不相敬？汝等从今，先受戒者 现代汉语译本： 甲听着！世尊（Bhagavat，指佛）、应供（Arhat，值得供养的人）、等正觉（Samyaksambuddha，完全觉悟的人）宣说四依法。比丘（Bhiksu，出家男子）终身依靠粪扫衣（pamsukula，从垃圾堆或丢弃物中捡来的布制成的衣服）生活，出家并受具足戒（Upasampada，佛教僧侣的正式出家仪式）。你能坚持吗？’（回答说：‘能。’）‘如果之后得到劫贝衣（kappasika，棉布衣）、钦婆罗衣（kambala，毛织品衣）、拘舍那衣（kauseya，丝绸衣）、别人施舍的衣服，都算是额外的获得。’ ‘比丘终身依靠乞食生活，出家并受具足戒。你能坚持吗？’（回答说：‘能。’）‘如果之后得到僧众之前的食物、之后的食物、邀请的食物，都算是额外的获得。’ ‘比丘终身依靠树下生活，出家并受具足戒。你能坚持吗？’（回答说：‘能。’）‘如果之后得到大小房屋、多层房屋，都算是额外的获得。’ ‘比丘终身依靠残弃药生活，出家并受具足戒。你能坚持吗？’（回答说：‘能。’）‘如果之后得到酥油（ghrta，澄清的黄油）、油（taila，植物油）、蜂蜜（madhu）、石蜜（sarkara，冰糖），都算是额外的获得。’（还应该这样说） ‘你某甲听着！你通过白四羯磨（jnapti-caturtha-karman，一种正式的佛教仪式）如法地受了具足戒，诸天（Deva，神）、龙（Naga，一种神话生物）、鬼神（Yaksa，一种精灵）都这样发愿：‘我何时才能得到人身，在正法（saddharma，真正的教义）律（vinaya，戒律）中出家受具足戒？’你现在已经得到了。就像人接受王位一样，你接受比丘的戒法也是如此。应当忍耐，容易沟通，恭敬地接受教诫。其余的戒律，和尚（Upadhyaya，戒师）阿阇梨（Acarya，导师）会详细地为你讲解。你应该早日获得具足地学习三戒（tisso sikkhā，三种训练，即戒、定、慧）、灭除三火（tayo aggayo，贪、嗔、痴）、脱离三界（tri-dhatu，欲界、色界、无色界），不再有各种污垢，成就阿罗汉（Arhat，已证悟的圣人）。’（当时受戒的人不知道年龄和受戒时间，佛说：‘应该教导他知道。你受戒的时间是某年某月某日，你应该终身记住这件事。’）各种律藏和论藏都说：和尚阿阇梨要记录春夏冬的时节，某月某日，甚至测量影子。这部律藏又说：当时的比丘没有上下之分，不互相恭敬，被世俗之人讥讽。佛说：‘畜生尚且有尊卑，何况我的正法而不互相尊敬？你们从今以后，先受戒的人
English
English version: Listen, so-and-so! The Blessed One (Bhagavat, the Buddha), the Worthy One (Arhat, one who is worthy of offerings), the Perfectly Enlightened One (Samyaksambuddha, the fully awakened one) has declared the four supports. A Bhiksu (Bhiksu, a Buddhist monk) should, for the rest of his life, rely on wearing robes made of discarded rags (pamsukula, robes made from cloth found in refuse heaps or discarded places), having gone forth from home and received the full ordination (Upasampada, the formal ordination ceremony for Buddhist monks). Can you uphold this?’ (He answers: ‘I can.’) ‘If later he obtains robes of cotton (kappasika, cotton cloth), robes of wool (kambala, woolen cloth), robes of silk (kauseya, silk cloth), or robes given by others, these are all extra gains.’ ‘A Bhiksu should, for the rest of his life, rely on living by alms-seeking, having gone forth from home and received the full ordination. Can you uphold this?’ (He answers: ‘I can.’) ‘If later he obtains food offered to the Sangha (Sangha, the monastic community) beforehand, food offered afterward, or food received by invitation, these are all extra gains.’ ‘A Bhiksu should, for the rest of his life, rely on living under a tree, having gone forth from home and received the full ordination. Can you uphold this?’ (He answers: ‘I can.’) ‘If later he obtains large or small dwellings, or multi-storied dwellings, these are all extra gains.’ ‘A Bhiksu should, for the rest of his life, rely on using discarded medicines, having gone forth from home and received the full ordination. Can you uphold this?’ (He answers: ‘I can.’) ‘If later he obtains ghee (ghrta, clarified butter), oil (taila, vegetable oil), honey (madhu), or rock candy (sarkara, crystal sugar), these are all extra gains.’ (He should also say) ‘Listen, so-and-so! You have lawfully received the full ordination through the procedure of the fourfold announcement (jnapti-caturtha-karman, a formal Buddhist ceremony), and all the Devas (Deva, gods), Nagas (Naga, a mythical serpent-like being), and Yakshas (Yaksa, a type of spirit) make this vow: ‘When will I obtain a human body and go forth from home in the true Dharma (saddharma, the true doctrine) and Vinaya (vinaya, the monastic discipline) to receive the full ordination?’ You have now obtained it. Just as a person receives a kingship, so too is your receiving the Bhiksu precepts. You should be patient, easy to communicate with, and respectfully receive the precepts. The remaining precepts, your Upadhyaya (Upadhyaya, preceptor) and Acarya (Acarya, teacher) will explain to you in detail. You should quickly attain the complete learning of the three trainings (tisso sikkhā, the three trainings: morality, concentration, and wisdom), extinguish the three fires (tayo aggayo, the three fires: greed, hatred, and delusion), and be liberated from the three realms (tri-dhatu, the three realms of existence: desire realm, form realm, and formless realm), without any defilements, and become an Arhat (Arhat, an enlightened being).’ (At that time, if the person receiving ordination does not know his age or the time of ordination, the Buddha said: ‘He should be taught to know. The time of your ordination is such and such year, month, and day; you should remember this for the rest of your life.’) All the Vinaya and Shastras (commentaries) say: The Upadhyaya and Acarya should record the season of spring, summer, or winter, the month, the day, and even measure the shadow. This Vinaya also says: At that time, the Bhiksus had no seniority and did not respect each other, and were criticized by laypeople. The Buddha said: ‘Even animals have a sense of seniority, how much more so should my true Dharma have respect? From now on, those who were ordained first --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
应受第一坐、第一施、恭敬礼拜。如是奉行。”《四分律》云：“当令受具戒者在前而去。”) 请依止师法(诸比丘和上丧，以无和上阿阇梨故，着上下衣不能如法，皆如上说。佛言：“从今以十利故，听诸比丘有阿阇梨。”自然生心视弟子如儿，弟子自然生心视阿阇梨如父，事如和上中说。至阇梨所，文云，偏袒右肩，脱革屣，胡跪合掌请云)。 “大德一心念！我某甲，今求尊依止。愿尊为我作依止，我依止尊住，尊当教诫我，我当受尊教诫。”(律不云三，但一具得。阇梨应答云)“汝莫放逸。” 五种不共语法(时六群比丘不敬戒，于师无惭无愧，不敬不爱不供养。佛言：“应作五种不共语法。”)。 一、语言汝莫共我语。二、汝所有莫白我。三、莫入我房。四、莫捉我衣钵及助我众事。五、莫来见我。 弟子悔过(佛言：“师作不共语时，弟子应悔过。”偏袒右肩右膝着地，以两手捧师足，极自卑下白言云)。 “我小我痴，后不敢复作。”(若师受悔过者，弟子罪则除灭) 尼众授戒法(《善见论》云：“尼者女也，摩者母也。重尼故称之。”《智度论》云：“尼得无量律仪故，应次比丘后。佛以仪式不便故，在沙弥后。”)。 授沙弥尼戒法( 现代汉语译本： 应接受第一位就座、第一份供养、恭敬的礼拜。应当这样奉行。《四分律》说：‘应当让受过具足戒的人在前面走。’ 请依止阿阇梨的教法（各位比丘的和尚去世后，因为没有和尚和阿阇梨，穿着上下衣也不能如法，都如上面所说。佛说：‘从今以后因为有十种利益，允许各位比丘有阿阇梨。’阿阇梨自然生起像对待孩子一样对待弟子的心，弟子自然生起像对待父亲一样对待阿阇梨的心，事情如同和尚中所说。到阿阇梨那里，经文说，偏袒右肩，脱掉鞋子，右膝跪地合掌请求说）。 ‘大德请一心忆念！我某甲，现在请求依止您。愿您为我做依止，我依止您居住，您应当教诫我，我应当接受您的教诫。’（律中没有说三次，但一次就足够了。阿阇梨应该回答说）‘你不要放逸。’ 五种不共同的说法（当时六群比丘不尊敬戒律，对师长没有惭愧之心，不尊敬、不爱戴、不供养。佛说：‘应当制定五种不共同的说法。’）。 一、你不要和我说话。二、你所有的东西不要告诉我。三、不要进入我的房间。四、不要拿我的衣钵以及帮助我处理僧团事务。五、不要来见我。 弟子忏悔过错（佛说：‘师长作出不共同的说法时，弟子应当忏悔过错。’偏袒右肩右膝着地，用两手捧师长的脚，极其谦卑地说）。 ‘我年幼无知，以后不敢再犯。’（如果师长接受忏悔，弟子的罪过就会消除）。 尼众授戒法（《善见论》说：‘尼（Nī）是女的意思，摩（Mā）是母亲的意思。因为重视尼众所以这样称呼。《智度论》说：‘尼（Nī）得到无量的律仪，所以应该在比丘（Bhiksu）之后。佛因为仪式不方便，所以在沙弥（Śrāmaṇera）之后。’）。 授沙弥尼戒法