Chinese
按照格西香的观点，失败有五种：下品增长的失败，上品退损的失败，正行圆满的失败，超量的失败，以及归纳的失败。堕罪有四种：第四，下品增长的堕罪，正行圆满的堕罪，上品退损的堕罪，以及归纳的堕罪。重罪有两种：堕罪的重罪和粗罪的重罪。第一种有两种：加行圆满的重罪和下品增长的重罪。粗罪的重罪有两种：下品增长的重罪和上品退损的重罪。粗罪有八种：下品增长的粗罪，上品退损的粗罪，支分主要的粗罪，中等烦恼引起的粗罪，依赖中等境所生的粗罪，支分不全的粗罪，支分的粗罪，以及粗罪的粗罪。关于这些的解释和常考察，应当如从其他地方出现的那样去了解。如果按照寂祥称的早期译本，此论自身而言，则有两种失败：超量的失败和归纳的失败。其中第一种是，具备七种加行，与金刚上师的供养分离，未忏悔而过两年，则成为失败。如是，在第一条堕罪中也说：如果具备这些加行，与供养分离，则为超量和失败。所谓超量，是指过了三年，这在下文会阐明。其他人说，对于此，不应安立为忏悔过了时限的失败，这样说是好的。归纳的失败有两种：就第三条堕罪而言和就第四条堕罪而言。第一种是，具备七种加行，与金刚上师的供养分离，未忏悔而过了时限，则是失败。如是，在第三条堕罪中也说：与此方相似，根本过了时限，失败相同。就第四条堕罪而言，对于其他有情，自己生起加行正行之后，未忏悔而过了时限，死亡则是失败。又，他人对自己忏悔的方式
English
According to Geshe Zhang's view, there are five types of defeat: the defeat of increasing inferior qualities, the defeat of diminishing superior qualities, the defeat of completing the main practice, the defeat of exceeding the limit, and the defeat of summarizing. There are four types of transgressions: the fourth, the transgression of increasing inferior qualities, the transgression of completing the main practice, the transgression of diminishing superior qualities, and the transgression of summarizing. There are two types of heavy offenses: the heavy offense of transgression and the heavy offense of grossness. The first has two types: the heavy offense of completing the preparatory actions and the heavy offense of increasing inferior qualities. The heavy offense of grossness has two types: the heavy offense of increasing inferior qualities and the heavy offense of diminishing superior qualities. There are eight types of gross offenses: the gross offense of increasing inferior qualities, the gross offense of diminishing superior qualities, the gross offense of the main branch, the gross offense caused by intermediate afflictions, the gross offense arising from relying on an intermediate object, the gross offense of incomplete branches, the gross offense of a branch, and the gross offense of grossness. The explanations and constant examination of these should be understood as they appear from other sources. According to the earlier translation of Jampal Drakpa, if this treatise itself is taken as the authority, then there are two types of defeat: the defeat of exceeding the limit and the defeat of summarizing. The first is that if one possesses the seven preparatory actions, is separated from the offerings to the Vajra Master, and two years pass without confession, then it becomes a defeat. Thus, in the first transgression, it is also said: If one possesses these preparatory actions and is separated from the offerings, then it is exceeding the limit and a defeat. The term "exceeding the limit" means that three years have passed, which will be clarified below. Others say that one should not establish this as a defeat of confession exceeding the time limit, and that is good. There are two types of summarizing defeat: in terms of the third transgression and in terms of the fourth transgression. The first is that if one possesses the seven preparatory actions, is separated from the offerings to the Vajra Master, and the time limit passes without confession, then it is a defeat. Thus, in the third transgression, it is also said: It is similar to this side, and the root is the same as the defeat of exceeding the time limit. In terms of the fourth transgression, if one generates the preparatory action and the main action towards another sentient being, and the time limit passes without confession, then death is a defeat. Also, the way others confess to oneself
Chinese
这样做的时候，如果自己没有接受而自己死亡，就是堕落。就像第四条堕落中说的，对他人进行结合，没有考察真正的生殖器等等。对于其他的堕落，格西香认为，没有认识到根本完全的堕落和归纳的堕落，其他的三个堕落是可以成立的。经文中没有明确说明堕落可以成立。堕落有三种：结合完全的堕落，轻蔑上师的堕落，和归纳的堕落。其中第一个，就第一个堕落而言，是通过七种结合的方式来断绝生命。就像说的那样，三者具备一个，具备七种结合就会堕落。从“自己不迷惑”之间说得很清楚。第二个堕落等等，结合圆满的堕落也具备七种结合。轻蔑上师的堕落，是在忏悔了堕落的量之后，堕落仍然保持着应有的程度。就像说的那样，之后如果如量忏悔就会堕落，堕落就是断绝生命后，在忏悔的量之下产生。这是发生在第一个堕落上的，其他的需要考察。归纳的堕落，是通过具备七种结合来杀害普通人。就像说的那样，人是归纳到堕落之中的。重罪，是指大概没有忏悔粗罪，过了三年就被称为重罪。粗罪是指上面提到的第八条，也就是最初的两个和后来的六个。在那之上，还有结合不圆满的粗罪，以及在不净的地方以清净的想法生起的粗罪，和在不净的地方以清净的想法完全生起的粗罪。其中，结合不圆满的粗罪是指，有些人通过七种结合的方式，做了断绝金刚上师或金刚寿命的事情，但是如果他没有断绝生命，那么这件事就没有成功，所以是不圆满的结合，是粗罪。这发生在第一个和第三个堕落上。就像那样，第一个堕落和第一个
English
In doing so, if one dies without having taken it upon oneself, it is a defeat. Similarly, in the fourth downfall, it is said that one should not examine the actual genitals when engaging in union with another. As for the other downfalls, Geshe Zhang believes that the other three downfalls can occur if one does not recognize the root complete downfall and the downfall of aggregation. There is no clear explanation in the scriptures that downfalls can occur. There are three types of downfalls: the downfall of complete union, the downfall of disparaging one's superiors, and the downfall of aggregation. The first of these, in terms of the first downfall, is the severing of life through the seven modes of union. As it is said, if one possesses one of the three, one will fall due to possessing the seven unions. It is clear from "not being confused oneself." The second downfall and so on, the downfall of complete union also possesses the seven unions. The downfall of disparaging one's superiors is when the downfall remains at its proper level after the measure of confession has been performed. As it is said, if one confesses according to the measure later, it will become a downfall, and the downfall is when one acts from below the measure of confession after severing life. This occurs in the first downfall, and others need to be examined. The downfall of aggregation is the killing of an ordinary person by possessing the seven unions. As it is said, a person is aggregated into the downfall. A heavy offense is generally referred to as such when three years have passed without confessing a gross offense. A gross offense refers to the eighth one mentioned above, which is the first two and the last six. In addition to that, there is the gross offense of incomplete union, the gross offense that arises from pure thought in an impure place, and the gross offense that arises completely from pure thought in an impure place. Among these, the gross offense of incomplete union refers to when someone, through the seven modes of union, does something that severs the life of a Vajra Master or a Vajra life, but if he does not sever life, then that act has not succeeded, so it is an incomplete union, a gross offense. This occurs in the first and third downfalls. Just like that, the first downfall and the first
Chinese
कार्य से। यदि जीवन से अलग नहीं होता है, तो यह पतन नहीं होगा, इसे 'स्थूल' कहा जाता है। अंग का मुख्य स्थूल वह है जब केवल एक विचार उत्पन्न होता है जो क्लेशों से पूरी तरह से प्रेरित होता है। यह दूसरे पतन के संबंध में है, जैसा कि कहा गया है, 'अंग का मुख्य स्थूल है।' यह चौदहवें और पंद्रहवें पतन दोनों में होता है। मध्यम क्लेशों से प्रेरित स्थूल वह है जब नौ पीड़ाओं से रहित, किसी प्राणी के प्रति अचानक क्रोध उत्पन्न होता है। यह चौथे पतन में भी होता है। ऐसा भी कहा गया है, 'मन में अशांति स्थूल है।' मध्यम वस्तु पर निर्भर होकर उत्पन्न स्थूल वह है जब महायान सूत्र को क्लेशों से पूरी तरह से प्रेरित होकर अपमानित किया जाता है। यह छठे पतन से उत्पन्न होता है। ऐसा भी कहा गया है, 'महायान सूत्र में स्थूल है।' अशुद्ध वस्तु पर शुद्ध विचार से प्रेरित होकर उत्पन्न स्थूल वह है जब किसी अपात्र प्राणी को करुणा के विचार से गुप्त धर्म सिखाया जाता है। यह सातवें पतन से उत्पन्न होता है। ऐसा भी कहा गया है, 'यदि करुणा विद्यमान है, तो यह स्थूल है।' अपूर्ण अंग वाला स्थूल वह है जब अन्य अंगों के एकत्रित होने पर कोई भी अनुवर्ती अंग अपूर्ण होता है। यह चौदहवें और पंद्रहवें पतन दोनों में होता है। अंग स्थूल नीचे के आठवें और तेरहवें हैं। स्थूल का स्थूल वह है जब स्थूल, जो अंगों को पूरी तरह से प्रेरित करने वाला विचार है, उत्पन्न होता है। ऐसा भी कहा गया है, 'अंग के दोष के मामले में, केवल अंग का स्थूल होना स्थूल है।' 'अंग' का अर्थ आठवां और तेरहवां है। 'दुष्कृत' का अर्थ है, पहले पतन के अनुसार, यदि क्लेशों का विचार आदि नहीं है, तो अंधे व्यक्ति द्वारा वज्र फेंकने से गुरु को चोट लगने और क्रोधित होने जैसा है। ऐसा भी कहा गया है, 'छह अंगों से रहित होकर मुख्य भाग को पूरा करने पर दुष्कृत होता है।' अन्य पतनों के दुष्कृत को सीधे-सीधे समझना चाहिए। 'सूक्ष्म' का अर्थ है, पहले पतन के संबंध में, जिसे दूर नहीं किया जाना चाहिए आदि। अन्य पतनों के सूक्ष्म को सीधे-सीधे समझना चाहिए। 'कोई दोष नहीं' का अर्थ है कि दोष करने पर भी वह दोष नहीं बनता।
English
Regarding actions: If it is not separated from sustenance, it will not become a downfall; it is said to be 'sthula' (coarse). The main sthula of a limb is when just a thought arises that is completely instigated by afflictions. This directly concerns the second downfall, as it is said, 'The main part of a limb is sthula.' This occurs in all of the fourteen and fifteen downfalls. The sthula instigated by intermediate afflictions is when, without possessing the nine torments, anger suddenly arises towards a sentient being. This also occurs in the fourth downfall. Thus, it is also said, 'Disturbance from within the mind is sthula.' The sthula that arises dependent on an intermediate object is when one disparages the sutras of the Great Vehicle, being completely instigated by afflictions. This arises from the sixth downfall. Thus, it is also said, 'Sthula towards the sutras of the Great Vehicle.' The sthula that arises from being completely instigated by a pure thought towards an impure object is when one teaches the secret dharma to a sentient being who has not been given [initiation], with a thought of compassion. This arises from the seventh downfall. Thus, it is also said, 'If compassion is present, it is sthula.' The sthula of an incomplete limb is when, among the other assembled limbs, any subsequent limb is incomplete. This occurs in all of the fourteen and fifteen downfalls. The sthula of a limb refers to the eighth and thirteenth below. The sthula of sthula is when that thought, the sthula that completely instigates the limbs, arises. Thus, it is also said, 'In the context of the faults of a limb, merely having the sthula of a limb is sthula.' 'Limb' refers to the eighth and thirteenth. 'Misdeed' (duskrta) means that, according to the first downfall, if there is no thought of afflictions, it is like a blind person throwing a vajra and hitting and angering the lama. Thus, it is also said, 'If the main part is completed without possessing the six limbs, it is a misdeed.' The misdeeds of the other downfalls should be understood directly. 'Subtle' (aphra mo) refers, in the context of the first downfall, to things like not guarding [the precepts]. The subtle aspects of the other downfalls should be understood directly. 'Without fault' means that even if a fault is committed, it does not become a fault.