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Ho ill-treated the Afghans, who at heart despised him, and who, therefore, for the most part threw in their lot with Akbar. (See Badaoni, Vol. II, pp. 13 to 16). * Seo fidciaoiii, Vol. I, pp. 422 to 428. Daring the chaos which arose during the latter part of the feeble reign of Muhammad Rbih Adli, it was arranged between Ibrahim aud Sikandar alia* Ahmad Khan, that the former would rule over the Eastern Empire from Delhi to the easternmost portions of India, whilst the latter would be master of the Faujab, Multan and other western tracts. 3 According to the Akbarnamah, Badaoni and the Tabaqat-i-Akbari, ho died in 980 A.H. and reigned in Bengal from 971 to 980 A.II., or 1563 to *5/2 A.C. He is sometimes called Kararnui nnd sometimes Karani and also Krani. It is related of him that be held overy morning n devotional meeting, in company with 150 Shaikhs and ’Ulnmas, after which bo used to transact business daring fixed hours, (See Bloch. Tr., Ain, p. 171, and Badaoni, Vol. II. pp. 76, 173, 174 and 200), and that this practice influenced Akbar’s conduct. His conquest , of Orissa (in 975 A.H. or 1567 A.C.) mainly through the efforts of his distinguished general, Kalaphar, is detailed in a following auction iu the text, and also in FirishU. Akbarnamuh, aud Taiikh-i-Daudi. 152 nor of the Subah of Behar, which ho continued to hold in the reign of Salim Shah. When Salim Shah passed to the regions of eternity, in Hindustan, tribal chiefs established themselves, and in every head the ambition of sovereignty, and in every heart the aspiration of suzerainty, arose. Sulaiman Khan, after the death of his brother, Taj Khan, established himself with full independence as king of Bengal and Bohar, and abandoning the City of Gaur, owing to the inclemency of its climate, established himself in the town of ^andah. 1 And in the year 97-*> A.H., lie conquered the country of Orissa, and placing it under a permanent Governor with a large army, he himself set out for the conquest of the country of Kuch Behar. He subjugated its environs and outlying parts, and whilst he was besiegiug its capital, he got news that the insurgents in Orissa had again raised the standard of insurrection. Thus, of necessity, he abandoned the siege of Kuch Behar town, 2 ' and returned to Tandah, which was his Capital. And for some time, in a similar manner, there was commotion all over Hindustan. And when Emperor Humayun returned to Hindustan from Persia, Sulaiman Khan, exercising foresight, sent a letter embodying sentiments of loyalty and Ilia principal nobleman and officer, Khan Jahau Lodi, held a conference with Akbar’e general, Munim Khan-i-Khiinun, in the neighbourhood of Patna and it was arranged to recite the Khtr> and strike coins in Bengal after Akbar a name (see p. 427, Bloch. Tran., Ain. and Badao m, P- 174). In9,-A.H. Sulaiman removed hie capital from Gaur to Tandah. Akbar seat a„ e,nbu..y to him (Badaoni, p. 76, Vol. II). p - p 1 Tandah ae on the wet eide of the Gunge, nearly oppoe.te to Gr. (See £££. - J 7. vol. U,. About l^U. ::: <*. - Khurthid Jalian Numa, J.A.S., 1895, p. 21o). A fgb n s under Sher - ."Taking advantage of the d...™..o„s bctwe.cn the had Shdh and the Mughal, under Emperor Bengal, and previously been subdued by A Umni roB0 into semi-independence partially reconquered by Sulaim ‘ nfc ander Nftra Narayan bTgo::;. a.,..) * ■ 153 friendship, together with presents. From the other side also, owing to the exigencies of the times which called for the destruc¬ tion and extirpation of the descendants and adherents of Sher Shah, the presents and gifts were accepted, and a condescending reply containing expressions of reassurance and good-will was sent, together with a Royal manifesto, ratifying Sulaiman’s continuance in his office. After this, though Sulaiman Khan continued the Khutla and the coin after his own name in the kingdom of Bengal, 1 he styled himself Hazrat ‘Ala (the Supreme Chief), and outwardly showing submission to Jallalu-d-din Muham¬ mad Akbar Badshah, he sent occasionally presents and gifts. Nearly sixteen years 8 ruling independently over Bengal, in the year 981 A.H. he died. And he was very energetic, industrious, and strict. In the history of Firishta, the reign of Taj Khan is not given, and the reign of Sulaiman Khan is described as lasting 25 years. Since the brothers, from the beginning, held conjointly the rule of this country, and Taj Khan came afterwards, therefore the rule of both has been ascribed to one. God knows the truth! -o- REIGN OF BAYAZID MAN,* SON OF SULAIMAN K2AN. After Sulaiman’s death, his son Bayazid Khan, assuming the sovereignty, ascended the throne of Bengal. As yet more than a month had not elapsed, and according to another account, one year and six months he had ruled, when an Afghan named Hanso, who was a cousin and brother-in-law of Bayazid, attacking him, 1 From note ante, it would appear that he oeased to do so in Akbar’a time. * B*om note ante, it would appear that he ruled only for ten years over Bengal, whilst he held Behar from the time of Sher Shih. 8 He reigned in 9S0 A.H. or 1572 A.C. (See extract from Badaoni and the Bawanih AkbarT regarding the death of Sulaiman, acoeasion and assassination of hiB son Bayazid, and the installation of Bayazid’s brother Daud, chiedy through the efforts of Lodi Khin, the premier nobleman of the Bengal kingdom (J.A.S. for 1875, pp. 304-305). Badaoni who was a zealous Moslem remarks that ‘ Sulaiman oonquered the tow‘n of Katak-Benaras, the mine of unbelief,’ and made Jaganuah (Puri) a dar-ul Islam, and ruled from Karnrup to Orissa. Sulaiman’s first Vioeroy of Orissa (including Katak) was Lodi Khan alias Khan Jahan Lodi, and his first Governor of Jagonnath or Puri was Qutlu Khan (seo Badaoni, p. 174, Vol. II). 20 154 killed him by stratagem in the Audience-hall, and attempted to become Administrator of the affairs of the kingdom. 1 Lodi Khan who was a principal and trusty officer of Sulaiman Khan, demur¬ ring, tried to kill him. According to a tradition, after 2| days, the younger brother, named Daud Khan, killed Hanso, to avenge the death of his brother. Either way, after Bayazid, his brother, Daud l[ban, succeeded to the throne. REIGN OF DAUD KHAN, SON OF SULAIMAN KHAN. When Daud Khan a ascended the throne of Bengal, sub¬ duing completely all parts of Bengal, he introduced the JChutba and the coin after his own name. Owing to continual indulgence in wine and association with low and mean people, and because of numerous troops and retinue, and plethora of equipage, and abundance of effects and riches, and greatness of rank and dignity (in that he had 40,000 well-mounted cavalry, and 3,300 elephants, and 140,000 infantry, consisting of musketeers, matchlockmen and rocketeers and archers, and 20,000 pieces of ordnance, most of which were battering guns, and many armed cruisers, and other 1 It is related in the Sawanih Akbari and Badaoni that Bayazid * in his youthful folly read the Kkufa in his own name, neglected all forms of courtesy, and also ill-treated the chief nobles of his father who consequently hated him. Ilanso, the son of his uncle Imad (brother of Sulaiman), who was also his brother-in-law, then killed him. Lodi KhSn then killed Hanso, Installed Daud. (See J.A.S. for 1876, pp. 304-305). 8 Daud Khun became king of Bengal, Behar and Orissa in 980 A.H. (1572 A.C.) and reigned from 980 A.H. to 984 A.II. (1572 to 1576 A.C.), under the title of Abnl Mnzaffer Daud ShSh. In 982 A.H. Akbar personally wrested Behnr from him by storming Patna and Hajipnr forts, and D5nd fled to Orissa, where the battle of Mughulmari or Tnkaroi north of Jal.sar, was fought m 1575 A.C. between him and the Imperialists, commanded by Mumm Khan-i- Khanlh. Daud was defeated, and concluded the Peace of Katak, under which Bengal and Behar were ceded by him to Akbar, the latter recognising Dind’s sovereignty over Orissa. In 983 A.H. Sleeim Kh3*.,.Khanae d.ed of malaria at Gair, with a largo part of his army, and Dund ghn. by this circumstance, invaded Bengal, and on 15th “ “ T 7 ! 1570 AC) was defeated by Akba r 's General, Husain Quit Kho Jahan, : b A t m a, o°r Hi Ihai, captured and beheaderh (See Firila, Badaoni and Akbarnamah,- With Daud Khan's death (1576 A.C.), the Kararani dynasty ended in Bengal. 155 implements of war, which he had ready and in store) he became hanghfcy, and aiming at conquests caused troubles to the frontiers of the Empire of Emperor Akbar. Although the well-wishers dis¬ suaded him from this policy, and gave him good counsel, he did not listen. Aud Munim Khan, 1 styled the Khan-i-Khauan, who was Akbar’s Governor of Jaunpur, and held a mansab of Panjhazari, tinder the order of the Emperor, turned towards the destruction and extirpation of Daud Khan, and sent in advance of himself a small body of Mughal officers. Daud Khan, on hearing of this, appointed Lodi Khan Afghan, who was his premier grandee, to oppose the Mughals. At Patna, both the armies encountered each other, and for some time were engaged in skirmishes. At length, both the factions patched up terms, and both the armies withdrew to their respective Provinces. But Emperor Akbar, declining to ratify the treaty, appointed Raja Todar Mai 8 fafter 1 Ho was appointed to his jagirs in Jannpor in the 12th year of Akbar’s reign, when he conoladed peace with Sulaiman Kararani, king of Bengal, who promised to read the Khutoa and strike coins in Akbar’s name. Mnnim in 982 A.H. was appointed Governor of Behar. (after Akbar captured IlftjTpnr and Patna from Dand) and ordered to follow Daud into Bengal. Munim moved to Tanduh, opposite to Gaur, on the right side of the Ganges, to settle political matters, and left the pursuit to Muhammad Qnli Khan Barlas.