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6 Many persons on both sides were killed, and Mohammad Khan, too, was killed. The grandees who escaped from the sword fled, and rallied together at Jhosi, 6 and installed in power Muljammad Kljau’s son, named Khizr I " Jauopur is a lnrge city. Saltan Firnz Tuglilak hid it* foundation anti named it after his cousin Fakhru-d-din Jnnai.”—Ain. 1 Kalpi is mentioned in the Ain under Subah Agra (Jarrett b Tr * Vol. II* p. 184). S Mubariz Khan killed Firuz Khan, son of Islam Shah* and assumed (in 960 A.H. or 1653 A.C.) the title of Muhammad Shah 'Adi!. Owing to this un¬ warranted assassination, popularly he was known as ’Adil Silfih or simply as u Andhali ” which means 44 the blind ” in Hindustani. In Firighta and Stewart, it is stated that MuhAmmnd Khan Snr ruled over Bengal and North Behar wisely and beneficently till the dose of the reign of Salim §hah; but when in 960 A.H. Muhammad ’Adili who was addicted to debauchery and pleasures, mounted the throne, after slaying Firnz Khan, Muhammad Khan refused to pay him homage, viewing him as the assassin of his late master’s son. Muhammad Khan Sor was appointed in 952 A.H. (1545 A.C.) Governor of Bengal and North Behar by Islam Shah, who had deposed Qazi Fazil&t, the nominee of Shr Shah. Islam Shah at the same time confirmed Miyan Sul aim an Karrarani to continue as Governor of South Behar. 4 Hemu the grocer was made a Superintendent of the Markets by Salim Shah, and raised to the office of Administrator-General of the Empire by Muhammad Shah *Adil He was defeated by Akbar's General, Bairaro Khan, in 1556 A.C. at Panipat. * Muhammad Khan Snr, Islam Shah’s Governor of Bengal, refused to acknowledge Muhammad ‘Adli $hih. and himself assumed the royal title of ShamsQ-d-din Abul Muz&ffar Muhammad Shah, and invaded Jaunpur and Kalpi. The battle of Chapparghatta woa fought between the two in 962 A.H. (1655 A.C.) Chapparghatta is east of Kalpi, on the Jamuna river. He ruled os Islam Shah's Governor of Bengal from 952 to 960 A.H, aud reigned as king of Bengal from 960 A.H. to 962 A.H., that is from 1553 to 1555 A.C. (See Badaoni , p. 432, Vol. I). ® Jhosi is on the left bank of the Ganges, opposite to Allahabad; there Khizr IDian, aoq of Mohammad 8hi h r who was killed in the battle of Chappar- ghatta, celebrated hia juiui, and assumed the royal title of Bahadur Shah in 962 A.H. (1555 A.C.) (Soe Badconi t p. 433, Vol. I). 148 Khan. Bahadur Shah (that is, Khizr Khan), to avenge the death of his father, set about collecting his forces, subdued many of the eastern provinces, and invaded Bengal. o RULE OF KHIZR KHAN, STYLED BAHADUR SHAH. 1 When Bahadur Shah, with an efficient army, invaded Bengal, Shahbaz Khan, who, on behalf of Muhammad Shah ‘Adli, was at that time Governor of Gaur, advanced to fight. The grandees of Shahbaz Khan, seeing the overwhelming forco of Bahadur Shah, deserted to the latter. Shahbaz Khan, with the remnant of the soldiery who held on to him, resolved to fight, and was slain on the- battle-field. The man whom Fortune favours, Who has power to vanquish ? Bahadur Shah, triumphant and victorious, captured the City of Gaur, and introduced the coin and Hbutba in his own name. After this, ho drew his forces against Muhammad Shah‘Adli, and a great battle was fought at a point between Surajgadha and Jahangirah * Muhammad Shah, receiving mortal wounds on 1 Bahadur Shah or Khizr Khan, son of Muhammad Khan Snr alias ghamsu-d-diu Abul Mnzaffar Muhammad Shfih, was installed in power at JhosI where Muhammad Shah’s defeated grandees nod officers rallied after the battle of Chapparghatta. Ho reigned over Bengal as king from 962 to 968 A H for 1555 to 1561 A.C.) Badaoni calls him Muhammad Bahadur. The meet important event of hi. reign wo. hi. war with 'Adli £hh, whom he defeated at the deei.ivo battle of Surajgarha in Monghyr dmtnct, “ A -“| At this bottle, Suleiman Kararani who held South Behar from gher fflfjhi reign assisted Bahadur Shah. (See Tarikh-i-Doud. and Hudson., pp. 433-484, V01 ' Bahadur Shah wa. king of Bengal and North Behar from 062 to 968 A.H. (that i. 1555 to 1561 A.C.) During this period, South Behar continued under its old Governor, Miyan Sulaimiin Knraraui. „ ^T^h^CSl to Jumalpur railway station, in Muughyr district. Snrnjgadha or Snrajgarha is a town close to M.ulanagar, bunks of tho river Ganges, m Muughyr distue . the battle-Bcld,* was killed. And this Muhammad Shah nlvu Mubariz Khan, was a son of Nizam Khan Sur, who was a nephew of Sher Shah, and a cousin and brother-in-law of Salim Shiih. After the death of Salim Shah, on the third day, slaying the former’s 6on, named Firuz Shah, who was his nephew, Muhammad Shah mounted the throne of Delhi, and assnmed the title of Muhammad Shah ‘Adli. 8 As the latter had no capacity for Government, tho Afghans nick-named him * Adli,’ and by a slight change of pro¬ nunciation, they-called him ‘ Audi!.’ And ' Andli,’ in the Hindus¬ tani language, means “ tho blind.” After this, Bahadur Shah, reigning over Bengal for six years, died. REIGN OF JALLALU-D-DlN, SON OF MUHAMMAD MAN. After Bahadur Shah’s death, his brother Jnllalti-d-din 1 * 3 as¬ cended the throne, and after nvo years’ reign, in the City of Gaur, died. -o- REIGN OF JALLALU-D-DlN’S SON. After Jallalu-d-diu’s death, his son, whose name is unknown, ascending the throne, struck up tho drum of brief authority, and 1 At this battle in 964 A.H. (1557 A.C.) Bahadur Shah was assisted by Sulaiman KararanL According to Tnrikh-i-Damli, tho decisivo battle m fought at the" stream of Surujgnrh, near Monghyr ” (which is the Keol Nadi). Professor Bloobmnnn locates the battle-field at Fathpnr village, 4 miles west of Surajgarh and tho Keol nadi. Tarikh-i-Damli inaccurately placos Suraj- garha one kos, more or loss, from Monghyr. 8 See Badaoni, p.384, Vol. I. 3 His royal title was Ghiasn-d-din Abnl Muzaffar Jnllil Shah. He reigned over Bengal and North Behar from 968 to 971 A.H. (or 1561 A.C. to 1664 A.C.) During this period, Sulaiman Kornrani continued as semi- indopendeut Governor of South Behar, whilst Hajipur which had risen in importance from the time of No?rat Shnh continued to be tho head-quarters fo tho Bengal Governor of North Behar. Patna became the seat of Belmr Governors from the time of Emperor Akhar. §fccr Shah had built tho Fort of Patna (see Bloch. Contr. J.A.8. for 1875, p. 302). Jullfil Shah died ut aurin97l A.H. With Jallil Shah and his son, ended the Sur dynasty in Bengn!. Badaoni (p. 430, Vol. I) states “that Muhammad Khan SQr, ruler of Bengal, assumed the title of Sultan Jallalu-d-din, and extended the Bengal Kingdom up to Jauupur.” 8 ISO as yot more than seven months and nine days had not elapsed, when Ghiasu-d-dln, slaying him, usurped the reins of the sovereignty of Bengal. REIGN OF QHlASU-D-DlN. When Sultan Ghiasu-d-din drew to his lap the bride of the kingdom of Bengal, as yet be had not more than one year and eleven days rested on the bfed of ease, when Taj Khan Krani gathering strength, slew him, and by means of the sharp sword conquered the kingdom. REIGN OF TAJ KHAN KRANI. Tai Khan Krani was one of the grandees of Salim S]jah, and Governor of Sambl.al * At the time of the decline of Muhammad ShT ‘i dll, escaping tom Gwalior, he set out for Beogah “, . d Shah ‘Adli detached a large army in pursuit of U him In the environs of Chaprampur, which is forty kro distant from Akbarabad and thirty kro distant from. Q“ 3, the two fn ceB encountering each other, a battle was fought When Tai Khan being routed, retired towards Chunar On when I a] certain Revenue Collectors of the r 6 W 7nds"of Muhammad Shah ‘Adli, he levied from them in a of ^Sh and goods Caterer he could, and taking one the shape of ca g consisting of 100 elephants—from halq&h of e e P/ D d with his brothers, ‘Ahmad Khan and Sas^wlm were Governors of certain districts alongside the I Suleiman A.C.) sent Ms elder ^ the csur p.r, and established himself usurper, Ghiisu-d-din. l lB ^ ^ AH (15M to 1565 A.C.) ruled us at Gear, in 71 ' ““ " „ ot his brother Sulaimsu Ksraruni (J.A.S. Governor of Bengal, on be Badoom describes 1875, P- . ““ Vt" ea"h“l o'f his time. He died in 972 Taj Khau as oue of fche m08t A.H. . .. c.-.bah of Delhi is mentioned in the Am i Sarkar Saxnbhal under the Subab (Jarrett’s Tr., Vol. II, P- 104 >; . of Sambbal is a temple called Bari The Ain farther states : In Brahman, from whose deacon- —- - ■ * - 151 banks o£ the Ganges, and of Khwaspur Tandah, and raised the standard of rebellion. When Mohammad Shah ‘Adli marched from Gwalior with his army against the Karanians, and on the bank of the Ganges, the two armies encountered each other, Hemu 1 * the grocer, who was the generalissimo of Mohammad Shah ‘Adli’s army, taking with him one halqah of elephants, and crossing the river, and fighting, became victorious. And when Ibrahim Khan Sur, 8 who was ‘Adli’s sister’s husband, escaping and capturing Delhi raised troubles, Muhammad Shah ‘Adli was compelled to leave the Karanians, and to march back towards Delhi. And the Karanians thus became independent. And, as has been related, when Taj Khan reduced to his subjection the City of Gaur, after nearly nine years ruling over it, aud conquer¬ ing the kingdom of Bengal, like others, he died. REIGN OF SULAIMAN KARANl. 3 * * * * In the beginning of his career, Sulaiman Karani was one of the grandees of Sher Shah. Sher Shah appointed him Gover- 1 Though a grocer or baqal, Hema rose to the officer of Vizier and gene¬ ralissimo under Muhammad Shah Adli, and exhibited great personal conrage at the battle of Fanipnt fought in 964 A.H. between him and Akbar. Do assumed the title of ltajah Bikramiuadit at Delhi.