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She se: before her the pursuit of beneficence as tho object of her ambition, and made Nixamul Junaidi, Chief Vizier. The Empress came out of the curtain Tore masenliue garments, such as a tauic and a Kullah, and sat on the thron According to Tubaqat-i-Na?iri, she was put to death by the Hindus, she was learned iu the Qoran, industrious in public business, firm and energetic in every crisis. Indeed, she was a great woman and a groat Qneea. 76 of Lakhnauti was bestowed on Izzu-d-din Tughan Khan. The latter devoted himself to the administration of the country, and for a period was successful. When in the year 639 A.H. Sultan Alau-d-din Masud ascouded the throne of Delhi, Tnghan Khan sent many presents and valuables to the Emperor of Dehli in charge of Sharfn-l-Mulk Sanqarl, and the Emperor sent to Izzu-d-din Tughan Khan in charge of Qazi Jnlalu-d-diu, Governor of Oudh, a ruby-laid umbrella and a special robe of honour. And in the year 642 A.H., thirty thousand Mughal soldiers of Changiz Khan, making an incursion into the kingdom of Lakhnauti through the passes of the northern mountains, created much confusion. Malik Izzu-d-din sent an account of this to Sultan Alau-d-din. On hearing of this, the Emperor despatched to Lakhnauti a large force under Malik Qurabeg T. mar Khan, who was one of the servants of Khwajah Tash, for assisting Tughan Khan. At the time of engagement, the Mughal forces not being able to give battle returned to their country, vanquished. In the meantime, on certain occasions between Izzn-d-din Tughan Khan and Malik Qurabeg Tamar Khan, dissension set in; consequently, Sultan Alau-d-diu, in accordance with the saying “Two rulers cannot rule over one country,” appointed Malik Qurabeg Tamar Khan to be ruler of Lakhnauti, and recalled to Dehli Malik Izzu-d-din Tughan Khan. Tughan Khan ruled for 13 years and some months. RULE OF MALIK QURABEG TAMAR XUAh*- 1 After supercession of Malik Izzu-d-din Tughan Kmn, Qurabig Tamar ghan, becoming ruler of theddngdom of Lakhnauti, set I Malik Qurabeg Tamar Khin or Qamru-d-dm Qirau Icmarghsuw*" Governor of Bengal from 642 A.H. to 644 A.H. when he died ^ An account of his career in Bengal already appears in P ^ ^ Hi* previous career may, however, be noticed here. I au fc _ Tabaqat-i-Na$iri (Pars, text, p. 247), which is a “ Mall* Tamar Khan Turk was virtuous and polished in mann . * JSo id generpus and active and brave. He had a handsone app-*** E. ghaoiia-d-din Alt.mah pnrche.ed him for 5O,0C0eAda Depoty Superintendent. of the Uoynl Stable., .MM Ta*h. £ Chief Superintendent. In the reign of Emprene B.rrnh . , b~,e f.=d _ of Kauaai and fought in the expedition against Kahw r >ind S rtdr^ JL. He reunited def of Kerah, B ood 7 1 himself to administrative affairs. After ruling ten years, he died. And in the reign of Emperor Nasiru-d-diu* Mahmud, son of Sultan Sharasu-d-din Altam^h in the year 655 H. the Viceroyalty of Lakhnauti was entrusted to Malik Jalaln-d-din Khan. -o- RULE OF MALIK JALALU-D-DlN KHAN* When Malik Jalalu-d-din Khan succeeded to the Viceroyalty of the kingdom of Lakhnauti, he ruled over it for a year more or less, and in the year 656 A.H. he was superceded, and Arsalan Khan was appointed Viceroy of that province. RULE OF ARSALAN KHAN. S When Arsalan Khan became Viceroy of Lakhnauti, he devot- ad himself to administrative matters. He asserted some amount of independence. In the year 657 A.H., he sent two elephants and much jewellery and rare stuffs to Sultan Nasiru-d-din, and shortly after died at Lakhnauti. service there. On the death of Nasiru-d-din, he was appointed Governor of Oadh. Whilst at Oadh, ho invaded all the eastern tracts including Tirhut, und carried off immense booty. He was thence 6ent to Lakhnauti to help Toghan Khan in repelling the Ooriya iuvaaiou, and after th&t settled down in Bengal as its Viceroy. t After him tho Tubaqat-i-Na?iri is named ; it is a general history of India from the commencement of Mnaalman Rule down to 658 A.II. (1260 A.C.) SulJ.au Nasiru-d-din succeeded Sultan Alau-d-din to the throne of Delhi in 1246 A.C. His Vizier was Ghinsu-d-din Balbau (afterwards Em¬ peror Balban). Of the six years whioh intervened between 668 A.H. and 664 A.H. (the date of assumption of sovereignty by Emperor Balban) there is no known historical work. Tho Tarijth Firax Rhahi of Ziau-d-din Bami only began from Ghiasn-d-din Balb&n’s reign. Emperor Balban roignod from 1265 to 1287 A.C. * Jalaluddin Masud, Malik Jani Khilji Khan, became Governor of Bengal in 656 A.H. I do not find any detailed account of him given in the Tabaqat-i-Najiri. * Ixzu-d-din Balban was Govornor of Bengal in 657 A.H., in which year he was attacked by Taju-d-din Arsalan Khan Sanjar-i-Khwarizmi. who was subsequently captured or killed at Lakhnauti by Izzu-d-din. Hence Taju-d-din Arsalan Khan cannot oonnt amongst Governors of Bengal (see Blochmann’s Contr. to Hist, and Geog. of Bengal, and Tabaqat-i-Najiri, Peru, text, p. 267). 78 RULE OF MUHAMMAD TATAR KEAN.t After the death of Arsalan IQjan, his son, Md. Tatar JQjau, who was illustrious for his bravery, liberality, heroisn and honesty, becoming independent in his rule of Lakhnauti, did not much bend his head in submission to Emperor Nasiru-d-din. And after a while, he had the Khutbah ip the kingdom of Lakhnauti recited in bis own name, and for some time he passed in this wise. And when in the year 66t A.H. the throne of Dehll received eclat from tlic accession of Sultan Ghiasu-d-dln Balban, and the fame of high aspiration and steadiness and high ambition of that Emperor spread to all sides, Md. Tatar Khan, using foresight, sent sixty-three head of elephants, together with other presents, to Dehli. As this was the first year of his accession, Sultan Ghiasu-d-din Balban considering this an auspicious augury, illu¬ minated the City with lamps, and the nobles, feudatories and the principal officers presenting nazcir became recipients of gifts. And the envoys of Muhammad Tatar Khan, after being loaded with presents, got permission to return. Tatar Khan pleased with the Imperial gifts,submitted and enrolled himself in the ranks of the Eiupcror’s Omara. Sultan Ghiasu-d-din Balban appointed a Turkish slave named Tughral to the Viceroyalty of Lakhnauti.* I Muhammad Arsalan Tatar KhD, son of Arsalan 5han Sanjar, had been for some time Governor of Bengal, when the Emperor Balban ascended the throne (664 A.H.) (See Tnrikh Firuz Shahi, by Ziau-d-dm Barni, Pers. text, pp. 53 and 66.J He was generous, liberal and brave. After a few years he was succeeded by Tughral, who proclaimed himself kmg, under the title of Sultan Maghisu-d-din. a This acconnt differs slightly from Professor Blocbmann s conclus.ons derived from inscriptions and the evidence of coins, as set forth .a his Contn butions to the History and Geography of Beogal. Professor Blochmann hoMs that on the death of Mohammed Titir Khin, -hud. tech place rr:u*=er X. irx sr -hose Deputy o7 Na* was Toghral. Tughral attacked and defeated Ami. &n Tdia (X Tj“) Balban rid tm Tughral, at n g" S “ d “ia 681 h"^ "oXmJW wTleaviag Bengd (T f X thaltna 'o'' Bela. la his‘ (tha Emperor Bulhaa’s, son, Bnghm conferred tit , 0 of SuIJ .a n jlasiru-d-din. Ni$iru-d-din nppears to Sve^ed in^l H. (1292 A.C.), that is about five years after the death of 79 RULE OF TUQHRAL, STYLED SULTAN HUQHISU-D- DlN. Tnghval became Viceroy of Lakhnauti. In that, in liberality and bravery, courage and sagacity be was oneqaalled, in a short time he brought the kingdom of Lakhnauti to subjection and order, and subjugated Kamrup (Western Assam). In the year 678 A.H. he marched with his forces from Lakhnauti to Jajnagar, and vanquishing the Rajah of that pluce, obtained many elephants and much riches and chattels and stuffs. In that Sultan Ghiasu- " - •• d-din Balban had become old, and both of his sons were at Multan with large forces engaged in fighting the Mughals, the kingdom of Lakhnauti was lost sight of. In consequence of this circum¬ stance, Tughral failed to despatch elephants and booty to the Emperor. And also as at the time the Emperor was sick at Delhi, and had not come out of the palace for one month, and rumours of his death had spread iu the Empire, Tughral finding tho field completely open, sallied out, and collecting a lar ge force proclaimed himself Sultan Mughisu-d-din, and unfurling on his head the rod Royal umbrella, had the Khutbah in that country recited after his own name. Simultaneously with this event, the Emperor recovered health, and royal edicts aunouncing the recovery were received. Tughral, not becoming ashamed of what he had done, struck l he hand of disloyalty on the hem of hostility. When Sultan Ghiasu-d-din Balban became aware of this, he despatched Malik Abtakin who bad long hairs, and who had the title of Amin Shan and was Governor of Oudh, appointing him generalissimo illustrioas father Emperor Balban. For a full account of Toghral styled Sul¬ tan UughisQ-d-din, see Tabaqat-i-Nnfiri (Pers. text, p. 261), and also Tarikh-j. Firnz Shahi (Pers. text, pp. 81 to 94), by Ziao-d-din Barni. Before becoming Governor of Bengal, he held the following offices: Chashnigir (Taster to a prince) under §hainsn-d-din Altamsh ; Amir-ul Mnjlis or Lord Chamberlain under Emperor Knknn-d-din, Superintendent of Elephants, next Superintend, ent of Stables under Empress Raziah, feudatory of Tabarhind nnder Snlpin Alnn-d-din, next feudatory of Kananj and Governor of Oudh, nnd next Vice- roy of Bengal. He invnded Jajnagar (Orissa), Ondh and Kamrnp (Western Assam) successfully, and then proclaimed his independence. Tnghral was active and energetio, bold and oourngeons, liberal nnd generous. It is worthy of note that in this connection, the author of Tarikh-i-Firuz ghahi (p.