English
There is a German translation by Weber, an English one by Tawney, and a French one by Poucaux. The text has been printed at Bombay and Calcutta. MALAYA. The country of Malabar proper ; the moun- tains bordering Malabar. See Kula-parvatas. MALINA-MUKHA. ' Black faced.' Eakshasas and other demons, represented as having black faces. 1 96 J A ILINI—MA NBA -KA RNI. MALINI. ' SuiToimded with a garland {rndla) ' of Champa trees. A name of the city of Champa. MALLIKARJU:N'A. a name of iS^iva. One of the twelve great Lingas. See Linga. MALLIXATBA.. A poet, and author of commentaries of great repute on several of the great poems, as the Raghu-vansa, Megha-duta, /Sisupala-badha, &c. MAX AS A. ' The intellectual.' A name of the supreme being. Thus defined in the Maha-bharata : " The primeval god, with- out beginning or dissolution, indivisible, undecaying, and im- mortal, who is known and called by great ii/shis Manasa." MAXASA, MAXASA-SAROVARA. The lake Manasa in the Himalayas. In the Vayu Purawa it is stated that when the ocean fell from heaven upon Mount Meru, it ran four times round the mountain, then it divided into four rivers which ran down the mountain and formed four great lakes, Aruwoda on the east, Sitoda on^the west, Maha-bhadra on the north, and Manasa on the south. According to the mythological account, the river Ganges flows out of it, but in reality no river issues from this lake, though the river Satlej flows from another and larger lake called Ravawa-hrada, which lies close to the west of Manasa. MAXASA, MAXASA-DEYl. Sister of the serpent king ♦S'esha, and wife of the sage Jarat-karu. She is also called Jagad- gaurl, Xitya (eternal), and Padmavati. She had special power in counteracting the venom of serpents, and was hence called Visha-hara. MAXASA-PUTRAS. ' Mind (born) sons.' The seven or ten mind-born sons of Brahma. See Prajapati. MAXAS-TALA. The lion on which Devi rides. MAXAYA DHARMA-aS'ASTRA. The code of Manu. See Manu Sanhita. MAXAVA KALPA-SUTRA. Manu's work on Vaidik rites. Part of it has been published in facsimile by Goldstiicker. MAXAVA PURAiVA. See Purawa. MAXAVi. The wife of Manu. Also called IManayl. MAXDA-KARYI. A sage who dwelt in the Dam^aka forest, and is said in the Ramiiyawa to have formed a lake which was known by his name. His austerities alarmed tlie gods, and Indra sent five Apsarases to beguile him from his penance of " standing in a pool and feeding on nothing but air for 10,000 MA NDAKINI—MANDHA TRI. i 97 years." They succeeded, and became his wives, and inhabited a house concealed in the lake, which, from them, was called Pan- chapsaras. MANDAKINL The heavenly Ganges. The Ganges. An arm of the Ganges wliich iBiows through Kediira-natha. A river near the mountain Chitra-kii/a (q.v.) in Bundelkhand. It was near the abode of Rama and Sita, and is mentioned both in the Ramayawa and Maha-bharata. It would seem to be the modern Pisuni. MAiV7)ALA. 'A circle, orb.' A circuit or territorial division, as Chola-ma726?ala, i.e., CoromandeL According to one arrange- ment, the Sanhita of the iiig-veda is divided into ten Ma7if/alas. MAi\^i)ALA-Xi^/TYA. A circular dance. The dance of the Gopis round Krishwa and Radha. MANDA-PALA. A childless saint, who, according to the Maha-bharata, after long perseverance in devotion and asceticism, died and went to the abode of Yama. His desires being still unsatisfied, he inquired the cause, and was told that all his devotions had failed because he had no son, no ])uh'aj {'put, * hell,' tra, ' drawer '), to save him from hell. He then assumed the form of a species of bird called /Sarngika, and by a female of that species, who was called • Jarita, he had four sons. MANDARA. The great mountain which the gods used for the churning of the ocean. It is supposed to be the mountain so named in Bhagalpur, which is held sacred. See Kiirma- avatara, under Avatara. IMANDAYl. Daughter of Ku5a-dhwaja, cousin of Sita, and wife of Rama's brother Bharata. MANDEHAS. A class of terrific Rakshasas, who were hos- tile to the sun and endeavoured to devour him. MANDHATi^/. A king, son of Yuvanaswa, of the race of Ikshwaku, and author of a hymn in the it/g-veda. The Hari- vansa and some of the Purawas make Mandhat^'i to have been born in a natural way from his mother Gauri, but the Yishwu and Bhagavata Pura?ias tell an extraordinary story about his birth, which is probably based upon a forced derivation of his name. Yuvanaswa had no son, which gTieved him much. Some holy sages near whom he lived instituted a religious rite to procure progeny for him. One night they placed a conse- crated vessel of water upon an altar as part of their ceremony, 198 mandodarI—manthara. and the water became endowed with, prolific energy. Yuvan- aswa woke up in the night thirsty, and finding the water, he drank it. So he conceived, and in due time a child came forth from his right side. The sages then asked who would suckle the child, whereupon Indra appeared, gave his finger for the child to suck, and said, " He shall suck me," mam ayam dhds- yati. These words were contracted, and the boy was named Mandhatri. When he grew up he had three sons and fifty daughters. An old sage named Saubhari came to Mandhatri and asked that one might be given him to wife. Unwilling to crive one to so old and emaciated a man, but vet afraid to refuse, the king temporised, but at length yielded to the sage's request that the matter might be left to the choice of the girls. Saubhari then assumed a handsome form, and there was such a contention for him that he had to marry the whole fifty, and he provided for them a row of crystal palaces in a most beautiful garden. MANDODARl. Rava7za's favourite wife and the mother of Indra-jit. MAiVi^UKEYA. A teacher of the ii/g-veda, who derived his knowledge from his father, Indra-pramati. MAiVDUKYA. J^ame of an Upanishad translated by Dr. Roer in the Bihliofheca Indica. MAXGALA. The planet Mars, identified with Kartikeya, the god of war. He was son of Siysl and the Earth, and as son of the Earth is called Angaraka, Bhauma, Bhiimi-putra, Mahl- suta. He is also called 6'iva-gharma-ja, ' born of the sweat of >S'iva ;' Gaganolmuka, ' the torch ,of the sky ; ' Lohita, 'the red ; ' Navarchi, ' the nine-rayed ; ' Chara, 'the spy;' Tt/Viantaka, 'ender of debts, patron of debtors.' See Kartikeya, MAiYI-BHADRA. The chief of the Yakshas and guardian of travellers. MAiVIMAT. A Rakshasa slain by Bhima. MAA^I-PURA, A city on the sea-coast of Kalinga, where Babhru-vahana, the son of Arjuna, dwelt. AAHieeler identifies it Avith the modern Munnipur or Muneepore, east of Bengal ; but this is very questionable. MANMATHA. A name of Kama, god of love. MANTHARA. An ugly deformed slave, nurse of Queen Kaikeyi, who stirred up her mistress's jealousy against Rama- MANTRA— MANU. 199 cliaiidra, and led her to persuade King Da,9a-ratha to banish Rama from court. /S^atru-ghna beat her and threatened to kill her, but she was saved by his brother Bharata. MANTRA. That portion of the Yeda which consists of hymns, as distinct from the BrahmaTias. See Veda. MANU. (From the root man, to think.) ' The man.' This name belongs to fourteen mythological progenitors of mankind and rulers of the earth, each of whom holds sway for the period called a Manwantara [manu-antara), the age of a Manu, i.e., a period of no less than 4,320,000 years. The first of these Manus was Swayam-bhuva, who sprang from Swayam-blm, the self- existent. The self-existent, as identified with Brahma the creator, divided himself into two persons, male and female. From this pair was produced the male Viraj, and from him sprang the Manu Swayam-bhuva. As the acting creator, this Manu produced the ten Prajapatis or progenitors of mankind, called also Maharshis (mahd-rishis). According to another ac- count, this Manu sprang from the incestuous intercourse of Brahma with his daughter and wife, xS'ata-riipa* Brahma created himself Manu, " born of and identical with his original self, and the female portion of himself he constituted AS'ata-riipa," whom Manu took to wife. The law-book commonly known as Manu is ascribed to this Manu, and so also is a Siitra work on ritual bear- ing the same name. The Manu of the present age is the seventh, named Yaivaswata, 'sun-born,' who was the son of Vivaswat, the sun, and he is a Kshatriya by race. He is also called Satya-vrata, There are various legends about his having been saved from a great flood by Vishmi or Brahma.