English
' Adventures of the Paw?- avas in the thirteenth year of their exile, while they were in the service of King Vira/a. 5. Udyoga-joarva, 'Effort book.' The preparations of both sides for war. 6. BMshma-parva, 'Book of Bhishma.' The battles fought while Bhishma commanded the Kaurava army. 7. Drona-parva, 'The Book of Dro?za.' Dro?ia'"s command of the Kaurava army. 8. Kariia-jjarva, ' Book of Karwa.' Karwa's command and his death at the hands of Arjuna. 9. Salya-parva, 'Book of jS'alya.' ^Salya's command, in which Dur-yodhana is mortally wounded and only three Kauravas are left alive. 10. Sauptihi-parva, 'Nocturnal book.' The night attack of the three surviving Kauravas on the Pa7ic?ava camp. 11. Stn-jMTva, 'Book of the women.' The lamentations of Queen Gandliari and the women over the slain. 12. Sdnti-parva, 'Book of consolation.' A long and diffuse didactic discourse by Bhishma on the morals and duties of kings, intended to assuage the grief of Yudhi-sh/hira. 13. Anusdsana-parva, 'Book of precepts.' A continuation of Bhishma's discourses and his death. 14. A^wa-medhika-parva, ' Book of the Aswa-medha.' Yudlii- sh/hira's performance of the horse sacrifice. 15. A^raraa-parva, 'Book of the hermitage.' The retirement of Dhrita-rash/ra, Gandhari, and KuntI to a hermitage in the woods, and their death in a forest fire. 16. Mausala-parva, 'Book of the clubs.' The death of Kr/slma and Bala-rama, the submersion of Dwaraka by the sea, and the mutual destruction of the Yadavas in a fight with clubs (musala) of miraculous origin. 192 MAHA-BHARA ta. 17. Mahd-prasthdmka~parva, 'Book of the great journey.' Yiidhi-sh/liira's abdication of the throne, and his departure with his brothers towards the Himalayas on their way to Indra's heaven on Mount INIeru. 18. Swargdrohcma-parva, 'Book of the ascent to heaven.' Entrance into heaven of Yudhi-sh/hira and his brothers, and of their wife Draupadi. The Hari-va?2sa (q.v.), detailing the genealogy, birth, and life of Kr/shwa at great length, is a supplement of much later date. GENEALOGY OF THE KAURAVAS AND PAi\rx>AVAS. Atri, tlie i^i'shi. I Soma (Chandra or Indu), the Moon. Bud ha. 1 - 1 Ayu. 1 1 Nahusha. 1 1 DevayanI + Yayati + ^ jarmish^ha. Yddavas. ! Puru (and two other sons). Yadu (and another son). 1 1 Pauravas. Dushyanta + /Sakuntala. Yrkhni. 1 Bharata. Devarata. 1 Hastin. Andhaka. 1 Kuru. ^ura. 1 Vasudeva. Kunti. Kj'ishna. Bala-rama. (Line extinct.) Ambika. Dh?'ita-ra.sh^ra + Gandhari. I Ganga + -Santanu + Satyavati. Bhishma. [ | Chitrangada. Vichitra-vlrya, Vyasa + the two widows of Vichitra-vlrya. Ambalika. -KuntI + PaucZu + Madri. Dur-yodhana and Kama. ] I 99 other sons. I I Yudhi-shthira. Blilma. Arjuna. Nakula. Saha-deva. I Abhimanyu. . I Parikshit. I Janamejaya. {See Chandra- vansa for the intervening and following names.) MA HA- BHASH YA—MA HARAJIKA S. 193 MAIIA-BHASHYA. A commentary by Patanjali on the Grammar of Pamni, in answer to the criticisms of Katyayana. A fine 2Dhoto-lithographed edition has been produced, under the superintendence of Professor Goldstiicker, at the expense of the Indian Government. The work has received a long notice in Weber's Indische Studien, vol, xiii., and has been the subject of much discussion in the Indian Antiquary. Other editions have appeared in India. MAHA-BHOJA. See Bhoja. MAHA-DEVA. ' The great god.' A name of /Siva. One of the Eudras. MAHA-DEYl. ' The great goddess.' A name of Devi, the wife of iS'iva. See Devi. MAHA-KALA. * Great Time.' i. A name of >Siva in his destructive character. [See /Siva.) 2. One of the twelve great Lingas. {See Linga.) 3. In the caves of Elephanta this form of /Siva is represented with eight arms. In one hand he holds a human figure ; in another, a sword or sacrificial axe ; in a third, a basin of blood ; in a fourth, the sacrificial bell ; with two he is drawing behind him the veil which extinguishes the sun ; and two are broken off. 4. Chief of the Ga?^as or attendants on /Siva. MAHA-KAVYAS. 'Great poems.' Six are classified under this title: — (i.) Raghu-van.sa ; (2) Kumara-sambhava ; (3.) Megha-diita ; (4.) Kiratarjuniya ; (5.) /Sisupala-badlia ; (6.) Naishadha-charitra. MAHA-MAYA. See Maya. MAHA-^UIAKA. 'The great drama.' The Hanuman- na^^aka (q.v.). MAHA-PADMA NANDA. The last of the Nanda dynasty. See Chandra-gupta. MAHA-PRALAYA. A total dissolution of the universe at the end of a kalpa, when the seven lokas and their inhabitants, men, saints, gods, and Brahma himself, are annihilated. Called also Jahrmaka, Kshiti, and Sanhara. MAHA-PURAiVAS. 'The great PurS?2as.' The Vishwu and the Bhagavata, the two great Pura^zas of the Yaishnavas. MAHA-PURUSHA. ' The great or supreme male ; ' the supreme spirit. A name of Yish?m. IMAHARAJIKAS. A Gawa or class of inferior deities, 236 or 220 in number. 194 MAHAR—MAINAKA. MAHAR. See Yyah?7'ti. MAHA-RASH JRA. The land of the Mahrattas. MAHAR-LOKA. See Loka. MAHARSHIS (Maha-rishis). 'Great i?ishis.' The great jR/shis or Prajapatis. See it/shi. MAHA-SEXA- 'The great captain.' A name of Kartikeya, god of war. MAHAT. The great intellect produced at the creation. See Vishnu Purawa, i. 29. MAHATMYA. 'Mamanimitv.' A lec^end of a shrine or other holy place. MAHA-YIRA CHARITA. ' The exploits of the gi-eat hero (Rama).' A drama by Bhava-bhiiti, translated into English by Pickford There are several editions of the text. " The situa- tions and sentiments of this drama are of a stirring and martial description, and the language is adapted with singular felicity to the subject from which it springs." — WiUon. MAHA-YOGL ' The great ascetic' A name of /S'iva. MAHA-YUGA. A great Yuga or age, consisting of 4,320,000 years. See Yuga. MAHEXDRA. A name of Indra. One of the seven moun- tain ranges of India ; the hills wdiich run from Gondwana to Orissa and the Northern Circars. See Kula-parvatas. MAHE.SWARA. A name of .S'iva. MAHE^WARA PURAiVA. See Pura;^a. MAHISHA, MAHISHASURA. i. The great Asura or de- mon killed by Skanda in the Maha-bharata. {See Krauncha.) 2. Also a demon killed by ChawfZa or Durga. MAHISHMATi, MAHISHMATl. The capital of Karta- virya, king of the Talajanghas, who had a thousand arms. It has been identified by Colonel Tod witli the village of Chuli INIahe.swar, which, according to him, is still called " the village of the thousand-armed." MAHODAYA. A name of the city of Kanauj. MAHORAGA (Maha + uraga). ' Great serpent.' The serpent *S'eslia, or any othey great serpent. MAIXAKA. A mountain stated in the IMahri-bliarata to be north of Kailasa ; so called as being the son of Himavat and ]\le- naka. When, as the poets sing, Indra clipped the wings of the mountains, this is said to have been the only one which escaped. MAITREYA—MALINA-MUKHA. 195 This mountain, according to some, stands in Central India, and, according to others, near the extremity of the Peninsula. MAITREYA. A i^ishi, son of Kusarava, and disciple of Parasara. He is one of the interlocutors in the Vishmi and Bhac:avata Purawas. MAITREYI. Wife of the jRishi Yajnawalkya, who was in- doctrinated by her husband in the mysteries of religion and philosophy. MAITRI, MAITRAYAA^I. An Upanishad of the Black Yajur-veda. It has been edited and translated by Professor Cowell for the Bihliotheca Indica. MAKANDI. A city on the Ganges, the capital of Southern Panchala. MAKARA. A huge sea animal, which has been taken to be the crocodile, the shark, the dolphin, &c., but is probably a fabulous animal. It represents the sign Capricornus in the Hindu zodiac, and is depicted with the head and forelegs of an antelope and the body and tail of a fisk It is the vehicle of Varu?ia, the god of the ocean, and its figure is borne on the banner of Kama-deva, god of love. It is also called Ka?i/aka, Asita-dansh/ra, ' black teeth,' and Jala-riipa, ' water form.' MAKAKAS. The five m's. See Tantra. MAKHAVAT. A name of Indra. MALATI-MADHAVA (MalatI and Madhava). A drama by Bhava-bhuti, translated by Wilson. "This drama," says the translator, " off'ers nothing to offend the most fastidious dehcacy, and may be compared in this respect advantageously with many of the dramas of modern Europe which treat of the passion (of love) that constitutes its subject," MALAYA. The country of Malwa. MALAYIKAGXIMITRA (Malavika and Agnimitra). A drama ascribed to Kali-dasa, and although inferior to his other productions, it is probably his work. The text, with a translation, has been published by Tullberg.