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*itsa-mada saved himself by reciting a hymn in w^hich he showed that Indra was a different person. GUi)A-KE/S'A. '"WHiose hair is in tufts.' An epithet of Arjuna. GUI! A. 'Secret.' i. A name of the god of war. {See, Karttikeya.) 2. A king of the Mshadas or Bhils, who was a friend of Eama. 3. A people near Kalinga, who possibly got their name from him. GUHYAKAS. 'Hidden beings.' Inferior divinities atten- dant upon Kuvera, and guardians of his hidden treasures. GUPTAS. A dynasty of kings who reigned in Magadha. The period of their ascendancy has been a subject of great con- tention, and cannot be said to be settled. GURJJARA. The country of Gujarat. HAIHAYA. This name is supposed to be derived from haya, ' a horse.' i. A prince of the Lunar race, and great-grandson of Yadu. 2. A race or tribe of people to whom a Scythian origin has been ascribed. The Vishnu Purawa represents them as de- scendants of Haihaya of the Yadu race, but they are generally associated with borderers and outlying tribes. In the Vayu and other Pura?2as, five great divisions of the tribe are named : Tala- janghas, Yiti-hotras, Avantis, Tu?2(iikeras, and Jatas, or rather Su-jatas. They conquered Biihu or Bahuka, a descendant of King Haris-chandra, and were in their turn conquered, along with many other barbarian tribes, by King Sagara, son of Bahu. According to the Maha-bharata, they were descended from *S'ar- yati, a son of Manu. They made incursions into the Doab, and they took the city of Kasi (Benares), which had been fortified against them by King Divo-dasa ; but the grandson of this king, Pratardana by name, destroyed the Haihayas, and re-estal)lished the kingdom of Ka.?I. Arjuna-Kartavirya, of a thousand arms, was king of the Haihayas, and he was defeated and had his arms cut off by Parasu-rama. The Yindhya mountains would seem to have been the home of these tribes ; and according to Colonel Todd, a tribe of Hai- hayas still exists " near the very top of the valley of Sohagpoor, in Bhagelkhand, aware of their ancient lineage, and, though few i". number, still celebrated for their valour." 1 16 HALA-BHRIT—HANUMAN. HALA-BIIi^/T. 'Bearing a plough.' Bala-rama. HALAYUDHA. ' "WTio has a ploughshare for his weapon/ i.e., Bala-rama. HAXSA. I. This, according to the Bhagavata Purii/za, was the name of the " one caste," when, in olden times, there was only "one Veda, one God, and one caste." 2. A name used in the Mahu-bharata for Krish^za. 3. A mountain range north of ]\reru. HAXSA. Hansa and Dimbhaka were two great warrior- brothers mentioned in the ]\Iaha-bharata as friends of Jara-sandha. A certain king also named Hansa was killed by Bala-rama. Hearing that " Hansa was killed," Dimbliaka, unable to live w^ithout him, committed suicide, and when Hansa heard of this he drowned himself in the Yamuna. HAXUMAX, HAXUMAT, HAXUMAT. A celebrated monkey chief. He was son of Pavana, ' the wind,' by Anjana, wife of a monkey named Kesari. He was able to fly, and is a conspicuous figure in the Ramaya?za. He and the other monkeys who assisted Rama in his war against Rava??a were of divine origin, and their powers were superhuman. Hanuman jumped from India to Ceylon in one bound ; he tore up trees, carried away the Himalayas, seized the clouds, and performed many other wonderful exploits. {^See Surasa.) His form is " as vast as a mountain and as tall as a gigantic tower. His com- plexion is yellow and glowing like molten gold. His face is as red as the brightest ruby ; while his enormous tail spreads out to an interminable length. He stands on a lofty rock and roars like thunder. He leaps into the air, and flies among the clouds with a rushing noise, whilst the ocean waves are roaring and splashing below." In one of his fights with Rriva??a and the Eakshasas, they greased his tail and set it on fire, but to their own great injury, for with it he burnt down tlieir capital city, Lanka. This exploit obtained for him the name Lankil-drdiL His services to Eiima were OTcat and man v. He acted as liis si)y, and fought most valiantly. He flew to the Himrdayas, from whence he brought medicinal herbs witli which he restored the wounded, and he killed tlie monster Killa-nemi, and thou- sands of Gandharvas who assailed him. He accomi)anied Riima on his return to Ayodhya, and there he received from liim the reward of perpetual life and youth. The exploits of Hanuman HANUMAN-NATAKA—HARI-HARA. 117 are favoiirito topics among Hindus from cliildliood to age, and paintings of tliem are common. He is called Marut-putra, and lie has the patronymics Anili, Maruti, &c., and the metronymic Anjaneya. He is also Yoga-chara, from his power in magic or in the healing art, and Eajata-dyiiti, ' the brilliant.' Among his other accomplishments, Hanumat was a grammarian ; and the RamayaTia says, "The chief of monkeys is perfect; no one equals him in the sastras, in learning, and in ascertaining the sense of the scriptures [or in moving at will]. In all sciences, in the rules of austerity, he rivals the preceptor of the gods. ... It is well known that Hanumat was the ninth author of grammar." — Muir, iv. 490. HANUMA:N'-NATAKA. a long drama by various hands upon the adventures of the monkey chief Hanuman. This drama is fabled to have been composed by Hanuman, and in- scribed by him on rocks. Valmiki, the author of the Eamaya?m, saw it and feared that it would throw his own poem into the shade. He complained to the author, who told him to cast the verses into the sea. He did so, and they remained concealed there for ages. Portions were discovered and brought to King Ehoja, who directed Damodara Mi.sra to arrange them and fill up the lacunEe. He did so, and the result was this drama. " It is probable," says Wilson, " that the fragments of an ancient drama were connected in the manner described. Some of the ideas are poetical, and the sentiments just and forcible ; the language is generally very harmonious, but the Avork itself is, after all, a most disjointed and nondescrijDt composition, and the patchwork is very glaringly and clumsily put together." It is a work of the tenth or eleventh century. It has been printed in India. HARA. A name of /Siva. HAEI. A name which commonly designates Yishmi, but it is exceptionally used for other gods. HAEI-D WAEA. ' The Jiate of Hari, ' The modern Hardwcar. The place where the Ganges finally breaks through the moun- tains into the plains of Hindustan. It is a great j^lace of pilgrimage. HAEI-HAEA. A combination of the names of Vishwu and iS'iva, and representing the union of the two deities in one, a combination which is differently accounted for. 1 1 8 HARIS-CHANDRA. HAEI5'-CHAXDRA. Twenty-eighth king of the Solar race, and son of Tri-5anku. He was celebrated for his piety and justice. There are several legends about him. The Aitarej^a Brahma?ia tells the story of his purchasing /SunaA-sephas to be offered up as a vicarious sacrifice for his own son. {See SiinpJi- sephas.) The ]\Iaha-bharata relates that he was raised to the heaven of Indra for his performance of the Eaja-siiya sacrifice and for his unbounded liberality. The 'Mivrkandeja, Purawa expands the story at considerable length. One day while Haris- chandra was hunting he heard female lamentations, which pro- ceeded " from the Sciences, who w^ere being mastered by the austerely fervid sage Viswamitra, and were crying out in alarm at his superiority. " Hari.'^-chandra, as defender of the distressed, went to the rescue, but A^iswamitra was so provoked by his interference that the Sciences instantly perished, and Hari^- chandra was reduced to a state of abject helplessness. Yi.swa- niitra demanded the sacrificial gift due to him as a Brahman, and the king offered him whatever he might choose to ask, " gold, his ow^i son, wife, body, life, kingdom, good fortune," wdiatever was dearest. Yiswamitra stripped him of wealth and kingdom, leaving him nothing but a garment of bark and his wife and son. In a state of destitution he left his kinsjdom, > 0 7 and Viswamitra struck A^aibya, the queen, with his staff to hasten her reluctant departure. To escape from his oppressor he pro- ceeded to the holy city of Benares, but the relentless sage was waiting for him and demanded the completion of the gift. "With bitter grief wife and child were sold, and there remained only himself. Dharma, the god of justice, aj^peared in the form of a hideous and offensive Clmndala, and offered to buy him.