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) ^ankha and Likhita, whose joint trea- tise is frequently quoted; (15.) Daksha ; (16.) Gotama ; (17.) /Satatapa; (18.) Yasish/ha. But there are others who are more frequently cited than many of these, as Narada, Bhngu, Marichi, Kasyapa, Yiswamitra, and Baudhayana. Other names that are met with are Pulastya, Gargya, Pai/hlnasi, Sumantu, Lokakshi, Kuthumi, and Dhaumya. The writings of some of these lawgivers have appeared in different forms, and are referred to with the descriptive epithets of Ynddha, ' old ; ' Bnhat, ' great ; ' and Laghu, ' light or small.' A general collection of the Smr/tis or Dharma-sastras has been printed in Calcutta under the title of Dharma-sastra-sangraha, by Jivananda. 90 DHA RMA -SA VA RNI—DHRISHTA -KE TU. DHARMA-SAYAE.VI. The eleventh Mann. See Mann. DHARMA-SL^TRAS. The Samayacharika Siitras are so called becanse they had among them maxims of a legal natnre. DHARMA-A^YADHA. 'The pious hnntsman.' This man is represented in the Maha-bharata as living by selling the flesh of boars and bnffaloes, and yet as being learned in the Yedas and in all the knowledge of a Brahman. This is accounted for by his having been a Bralmian in a former birth, and cursed to this vile occupation for having wounded a Brahman when hunting. DIIATTi/. ']\Iaker, creator.' In the later hymns of the i?/g-veda, Dhat?'i is a deity of no very defined powers and func- tions, but he is described as operating in the production of life and the preservation of health. He promotes generation, brings about matrimony, presides over domestic life, cures diseases, heals broken bones, &c. He is said to "have formed the sun, moon, sky, earth, air, and heaven as hefore.^^ He appears also as one of the Adityas, and this character he still retains. In the later mythology he is identified with Prajaj)ati or Brahma the creator ; and in this sense of " maker " the term is used as an epithet of Yishwu and Kr/shwa. Sometimes he is a son of Brahma. DHAUMYA. I. The younger brother of Devala and family priest of the Paw/avas. There are several others of the same name. 2. Author of a work on law. DHENUKA. A demon killed by Bala-rama. Kr/shwa and Bala-rama, as boys, picked some fruit in a grove belonging to Dhenuka, when he took the form of an ass, and running to the spot began to kick Bala-rama. The young hero seized him by the heels, whirled him round till he was dead, and cast his- carcase on to the top of a palm-tree. Several of his companions who ran to his assistance were treated in the same way, so that " the trees were laden with dead asses." DH/iJ/SHTA-DYUMNA. Brother of DraupadI, and com- mander-in-chief of the PaTZcZava armies. He killed, somewhat un- fairly in combat, Dro?za, who had beheaded his father, and he in his turn was killed by Dro?ia's son, Aswatthaman, who stamped him to death with his feet as he lay asleep. DH7?7SHTA-KETU. i. A son of Dh?7shta-dyumna. 2. A son of /S'liii-j^ula, king of Chedi, and an ally of the Pa?2f?a- DHRITA-RASHTRA—DHUNDHU. 91 vas. 3. A king of the Kekayas, also an ally of tlie Pa?i^avas. 4. Son of Satyadlinti. 5. Son of Xnga. DH7?/TA-RASHrRA. t. The eldest son of Yichitra-vlrya or Yyasa, and brother of Pawc?u. His mother was Ambika. He married Gandhari, and by her had a hundred sons, the eldest of whom was Dur-yodhana. Dhnta-rash/!ra was bhnd, and PawcZu was affected with a disease supposed, from his name, "the pale," to be a leprous affection. The two brothers in turn renounced the throne, and the great war recorded in the INIaha-bharata was fought between their sons, one party being called Kauravas, from an ancestor, Kuru, and the other Pa?i6?avas, from their father Pa7^c?u. Dhrita-rash/ra and his wife were burned in a forest fire. (/S'ee Maha-bharata.) 2. An enormous serpent of many heads and immense strength. DHRUVA. The polar star. According to the Yishmi Pura?ia, the sons of Manu Swayam-bhuva were Priya-vrata and Uttanapada. The latter had two wives ; the favourite, Suruchi, was proud and haughty; the second, Suniti or Sun?i'ta, was humble and gentle. Suruclii had a son named Uttama, and Suniti gave birth to Dhruva. "While quite a child Dhruva was contemptuously treated by Suruchi, and she told him that her own son Uttama would alone succeed to the throne. Dhruva and his mother submitted, and he declared that he wished for no other honours than such as his own actions should acquire. He was a Kshatriya, but he joined a society of it/shis, and becoming a iiishi himself, he went through a rigid course of austerities, notwithstanding the efforts of Indra to distract him. At the end he obtained the favour of YisliT^u, who raised him to the skies as the pole-star. He has the patronymic Auttana- padi, and he is called Grahadhara, 'the stay or pivot of the planets. ' DHtJMA-YARYA. ' Smoke coloured.' A king of the ser- pents. A legend in tlie Hari-vansa relates that Yadu, the founder of the Yadava family, went for a trip of pleasure on the sea, where he was carried off by Dhuma-var/ia to the capital of the serpents. Dhiima-varTia married his five daugh- ters to him, and from them sprang seven distinct famihes of people. DHUNDHIJ. An Asura who harassed the sage Uttarika in his devotions. The demon hid himself beneath a sea of sand, 92 DH UNDHU-MARA —DILI PA . but was dug out and killed hj King Kuvalaya-iwa and liis 21,000 sons, who were undeterred by the flames which checked their progress, and were all killed but three. This legend pro- bably originated from a volcano or some similar phenomenon. From this exploit Kuvalaya^swa got the name of Dhundhu- niara, ' slayer of Dhundhu.' DHUXDHU-MARA. See Dhundhu and Kuvalayaswa. DHUR-JAn. ' Haying heavy matted locks.' A name of Rudra or ^Siva. DHURTA-NARTAKA. ' The rogue actors.' A farce in two parts by Sama Raja Dikshita. " The chief object of this piece is the ridicule of the ^Saiva ascetics." DHURTA-SAMAGAMA. 'Assemblage of rogues.' A comedy by ^Sekhara or Jyotir Iswara. "It is somewhat indeli- cate, but not devoid of humour." It has been translated into French by SchoebeL DIG-AMBARA. ' Clothed with space.' A naked mendi- cant. A title of /Siva. DIG-GAJAS. The elephants who protect the eight points of the compass: — (i.) Airavata; (2.) PumZarika; (3.) Ya- mana; (4.) Kumuda; (5.) Anjana; (6.) Pushpa-danta ; (7.) Sarva-bhauma ; (8.) Su-pratlka. DIG-YIJAYA. ' Conquest of the regions (of the world).' I. A part of the Maha-bharata which commemorates the con- quests effected by the four younger Pa7iJava princes, and in virtue of which Yudlii-sh^hira maintained his claim to uni- versal sovereignty. 2. A work by /Sankaracharya in support of the Yedanta philosophy, generally distinguished as /S'ankara Dig-vijaya. DIK-PALA. ' Supporters of the regions.' The supporters of the eight points of the compass. See Dig-gaja. DILIPA. Son of Ansumat and father of Bhagiratha. He was of the Solar race and ancestor of Rama. On one occasion he failed to pay due respect to Surabhi, the ' cow of fortune,' and she passed a curse upon him that he should have no offspring until he and his wife Su-dakshi?iri liad carefully tended Surabhi's daughter Nandinl. They obediently Avaited on this calf Nandinl, and Dilipa once offered his own life to save hers from the lion of >S'iva, In due time the curse was removed, and a son, Raghu, was born to them. This story is dIrgha-sra VAS—DIVO-DASA. 93 told in the Eagliu-vani'a. There was another prince of the name. See Khahvanga. DIRGHA-zS'RAVAS. Son of Dirgha-tamas, and therefore a it/shi, but as in a time of famine he took to trade for a liveH- hood, the itz'g-veda calls him " the merchant." DIRGHA-TAMAS, DlRGHA-TAPAS. 'Long darkness.' A son of Kasi-raja, according to the Maha-bharata ; of Uchathya, according to the i?/g-veda; and of Utathya and Mamata in the PuraTias. His appellations of Auchath3'a and Mamateya favour the latter parentage. He was born blind, but is said to have obtained sight by worshipping Agni (R. V. iii. 128). He was father of Kakshivat and Dhanwantari ; and he is said (in the V. P.) to have had five children by Su-desh?za, wife of Bali, viz., the countries Anga, Banga, Kalinga, Pu?zc^ra, and Suhma. DITI. A goddess or personification in the Vedas who is associated with Aditi, and seems to be intended as an antithesis or as a complement to her. In the RamayaTza and in the Purawas she is daughter of Daksha, wife of Kasyapa, and mother of the Daityas. The Vishwu Pura?