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” The Wu-dzé-pa is the director of church ceremonies and of the choirs. In this cennection, the system of musical notation used in the convents to teach the lamas to chant is worthy of notice. The books, called yang= yig, “hymn or song books,” contain a kind of des- criptive score, consisting of a wavy line showing when and for what space of time the voice should rise or fall. Where the conch-shell should be sounded or the drum beaten is shown by the fingure of a shell or a drum- stick. This system of notation is specially interesting from the fact that it is, as far as I am aware, the only one found in eastern or central Asia; the Chinese have none, nor have I heard of any in Korea or Japan, The other objects used in church ceremonies are the small hand-drum (damarv), frequently made of children’s skulls covered with snake-skin, the bell (di-dz) , and the drjé (the Indian zajra or Indra’s thunderbolt ), Other instruments used on occasions are the trumpet, LAMASERIES OF AMDO 103 often a human thigh-bone with a whip-lash of skin, the purvu, or triangular nail, which plays an important réle in exorcisms, the holy-water vase ( dumda), the spherical mirror ( mé-dong ) over which holy water is poured, the skull libation-bowl, and a variety of minor things too numerous to mention. —W. W. Rockhiil, “The Land of the Lamas” = i es NOTES A Abhidhamma or Abhidharma a, commentarial divition of Buddhist canon. (see ‘Tripitaka’) Acoka WE, king of Maurya Dinasty. Agvaghosa gag, Mahayana scholar in the first century A.D. Advaitist @Y—scit#, a monistic philosophical school of Vedanta. Alara Kalama fy EMG, a Samkya scholar of the Buddha's time. Amatapadam HE, ayy, path or realm of immortality. Amban Manchu word meaning ‘minister of state.’ Amdo Western part of 43 Kan-su, where live many Tibetans. 106 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Amitibha se, ‘Buddha of Infinite Light,’ worshipped specially by the followers of the Pure Land Schools. Amitayus E80, ‘Buddha of Infinite Life.’ Same as ‘Amitabha.’ Ananda bHE(BE), a body-servant and favorite disciple of Cakyamuni. Arahatship Same as ‘Arhatship.’ Arhat or Arhan Regt, epithet of Buddha; pqyeg, a stage of Bodhisattvahood. Aryadega Region peopled by Aryan tribes. Aryan Eightfold Path AEM (see ‘Noble Eight- fold Path.’) Asanga #¢%, a Buddhist philosopher in the first or second century A.D. Atta-sila Ak, eight vows or commandments. B Bhagava, Bhagavan, or Bhagavat TiO, HATER, NO PES 107 epithet of Budbha, meaning ‘the Blessed One.’ Bhikkhu or Bhiksu Jt, Buddhist priest or monk, Bhikkhuni tt eJe, Buddhist priestess, Bhutatathata iin, the highest truth of the Ma- hayana philosophy. Biran-weed ‘Foreign weed.’ Blessed One, the ft, Bhagavat in Sanskrit. Bodhisattva #8, next rank to Buddha. Bodhi Tree et, sacred tree of Buddhists, meaning ‘Tree of Enlightenment.’ Bo-tree Modern expression of Bodhi Tree. Brahman (or Brahmin ) vger, followers of Brahmanism; #%, the Primal Being in Indian philosophy; ¥X, mytholegical god of Brahmanism. Brahmana #, the exposition of religious truths of Vedas. Buddha eg, ‘One who is Enlightened.’ Buddha Gaya #REmyK, a sacred place of 108 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Buddhists. Buddha-ge #h@, shrine of Buddha. Buddhaghosa "=, Magadhi Buddhist scholar in the fifth century A.D. Buddhahood ttt, Uf, nature or state of Enlighten- ment, Buddha-putta #h¥, follower of Buddhism. C Caitya Bt], shrine. Cakya-muni mime, ‘the Cakya sage.’ Cakyas iwi, the name of the tribe to which Gautama, the Buddha belonged. Cakya-simha esutis, ‘the Lion of the Cakya tribe,’ Camatha #@ Bhs , Bik, a kind of contemplation. Cariputra or Cariputta éFil35, one of the Bud- dha’s personal disciples. Chandragupta WGRERERS (HM), the founder of NWiORtLES 109 Maurya empire. Channa 7H, one of Gautama’s attendants, Chetiya Gari ¢x7¢+7y, ‘the Hill with the Shrine upon it,’ Clairaudience REG Clairvoyance AR Cloka #3, a kind of hymn, Council, the Three =i, councils held for the compilation of the pitakas. Cravakayana BER Cuddhodana WME, father king of Gautama, the Buddha. D Dagaba #, pagoda. De jure Be, duly. Deva R, heavenly god. Dhamma or Dharma 3228, %&, law or teaching, etc. 110 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Dharmakaya #8, ‘Law Body.’ Dharmapariyaya %F4, doctrine. Dharma-raja #E, ‘King of the Law.’ Dhyana iff (#8), meditation or trance. Diamond Cutter Sm Dipavamsa (e+nyv)BxR, authentic history of Ceylon. Discipline #£, Vinaya in Sanskrit. Dwiyanas =e ( RAF} HMPHR), two inferior stages of enlightenment. E Enlightenment, Great AM, AHL, mahabodhi in Sanskrit. étre de raison s95%e#2, existence in reasoning. Euhemerus A Greek, who gave historical and allegorical explanation to Greek and Latin mythologies. NiO} Fits 111 ¥ Four Noble Truths, the po sea Fu-yih fizy, a minister under- Ming-ti. G Gatha tg, a kind of hymn. Gautama or Gautama ae%ye, family name of Cakyamuni, the Buddha. Gélupa Zuni, a yellow capped Lama Sect. H Hinayana yz, ‘Small Vehicle,’ undeveloped form of Buddhism. Hirafifiavati river MEER Ey y PERRI Honan-fu a RF Hsi-an Fu Diez AE ( $2 ) Hymn of Devotion BAB 112 I-Ching Indra T¢vara Jina Kacilindika Kalinga Kalpa Kaniska BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH I 2:4, a Chinese pilgrim to India. wax, heavenly king, protecting the follow- ers of Buddhism. giigizee, a personal god of Hinduism, J we, ‘the conqueror,’ an epithet of Buddha. K nds BSE, probably a kind of grass with fine soft fibre, that grows in India, yaeefm, an ancient kingdom in the South India. dry, a long duration of time. init inE, King of Gandhira kingdom in the first century A.D. NOTES 118 Kan-suh 44> 2 western province of China. Kapila ynttge, founder of Samkhya system of Hindu philosophy. Kapilavastu or Kapiia-vattu Inee wee, capital of Suddhodana’s Kingdom, Karma 32, law of causation. Kagyapa am3#, One of the prominent disciples of the Buddha. Kathina smgpyeze, a kind of priest’s robe, used for some time after the rainy season. Koko-nor wit Koli fatisk, capital of the Koli tribe, north of Kapilavastu. Koliyans MWAIBIA, people of Koli. Kosala f8E%, a Kingdom in the ancient India, situated west of Kapilavastu. Kosalese f@tEyes, language of Kosala. Koti 448, a ten (or a hundred ) millions in Indi- an enumeration. 114 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Kuché 2% ( sea ) Kugi-nagara or Kusinara ty apegee, the place where Gautama, the Buddha died. Kumbum A famous manastery in Kan-su. L Lama memes, priest of Tibetan Buddhism. Lamasery HeISBE, Manastery of the Tibetan Buddhism. Land of Bliss “223689 ( pee), Sukhavati in Sanskrit, that is, Amitayus’s paradise. Lanka-Dipa #2imB, the island of Seylon. Law-wheel 2%, Buddha’s preaching. Liberation seit, freedom from worldly bondages, or attainment to Nirvana. Lion-seat iz, Simhasana in Sanskrit, preaching stand or pulpit, Loka-natha qiiggp, ‘the leader of the world.’ NOTES 115 Lotus Sitra zttegs (see ‘Saddharma Pundarika Sitra ). Loyang YB (WY), the present Honan-fu. M Magadha weeps Magadhi meBrES Mahabharata meamzeme%, an old epic, describing the Aryan conquest of the Central India, Mahabodhi xm, ‘Great Enlightenment.’ Mahaka¢yapa Azng, one of the Buddha’s personal disciples, Mahayana KR, ‘Great Vehicle,’ later and deve- loped form of Buddhism. Maitreya or Metteyya gas, the Buddha to come. Mallas 3k}, Name of a tribe. Mantrayana ‘#3, a mystic school of Buddhism. Maya exp, illusion. 116 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Maya the Queen Heme, mother queen of Gau- tama. Ming-ti Aw (4%), emperor of the Later Han. Moggallana ( Maudgalyadyana ) Hktzz, one of Gautama’s disciples. N Naga ®t, serpent-diety. Nagarjuna fig, a famous Mahayana scholar in the second century A.D. Nagasena 3: (HEE) we, a Buddhist priest in the first century B.C. Nalanda zugees:, a Buddhist scholartic centre near Rajagriha in the sixth and seventh century. Namaskara #38, 388k, worship. Nibbana or Nirvana yaaz, final goal of Buddhism. Nirmanakaya Ké{tsg, incarnated body of Buddha. Nissaggiya Pacittiya jem uaz (itd), a king of NOTES 117 Vinaya or Buddhist commandment. Noble Eightfold Path, the AEM, eight passage to the Enlightenment. O Order fet (@um), Satagha in Sanskrit (see ‘Tri- ratna’ ). Original Prayer pA, vows of any Buddha before attaining the Enlightenment. Orissa A province facing the Bay of India, P Pali: eaiz, language of earliest Buddhist language. Pali Text Society eAlzesn wg @ established in Lon- don, 1881. Palm-leaf manuscript Hee, text of Buddhist or non-Buddhist religion, hand-written on the sheet of palm-leaf. 118 BUDDHISM IN ENGLISH Palsa See ‘Sal-tree.’ Para-Brahm jt, Brahma-in-itselt. Parinirvana fii2az, same as ‘Nirvana,’ Parthia ‘8.3, an ancient kingdom in Persia. Patariputra or Patna Were HF IR (32K), the capital of Magadha Kingdom. Philo A Pharisee. Pitaka #, collection (see ‘Tripitaka’). Pratyekabuddhayana BER. Purusa xx, manly being. Questions of King Milinda PCESEER) ( WH AE). R Raja #, king. Rajagriha ER, the capital of Magadha. NOTA S 119 Rtipa , fff, image. Regents, Four MR, four heavenly gods who protect the world. S Saddharma Pundarika Sttra WME, one of the famous Mahayana canons. Sal-tree Modern dialectic spelling of Cala ( 2 #e#t). Samadhi =e, a kind of Buddhist meditation. SamApatti =k, a high grade of meditation. Sambodhi =# (iE#), ‘true enlightenment.’ Sambhogakaya #4, ‘Body of Compensation.’ Samkya-Yoga (@4:HRiRin, one of the six systems of Indian philosophy. Samsara 32, world of phenomenal existence. Samyutta {2 ( HEA), miscellaneous collection of the Pali tripitakas.