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He understood the dispositions and the Dhamma, knowing them, Therefore, he is called the Knower of the Worlds. 6. When conditions are favorable, they arise, Even the seven latent tendencies of people, He understood, having clearly seen the world, Therefore, he is called the Knower of the Worlds. 7. Through the mixture of passion, aversion, delusion, faith, Intelligence, and thought, He understood the conduct, knowing it, Therefore, he is called the Knower of the Worlds. 8. He understood the two kinds of inclinations, The inferior and the superior, Knowing the languages of the world for the people, Therefore, he is called the Knower of the Worlds. 9. Those with little dust in their eyes, the humans... He cast off evil, The root of defilement, and passion's dust, He understood the twofold world completely, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 10. The world of keen senses, With knowledge shining on the sequence of senses, He penetrated the world of dulled senses, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 11. The round, the unround, the established, the unwholesome, The wholesome, the nature of things, the Blessed One, He knew the two and thirty worlds without confusion, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 12. The wholesome, the praised, the true, the fixed, To make known what is easy and what is difficult, Since he knew the assembly of beings, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 13. Action, defilement, result, and bondage, Release, liberation, and destiny he penetrated, The capable and the incapable he knew, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 14. Without fruit, not supreme, endless, The measure of beings, without obstruction, By the power of knowledge, known by himself, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 15. By the method spoken here, the sage, Penetrated the manifold world of beings, In the lotus grove of the assembly of beings, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 16. He penetrated the conditioned, The constructed world, seeing the unconstructed, The world brought down to one, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 17. All form by the characteristic of decay, The four names by the characteristic of name, The Lord of Sages knew the twofold world, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 18. The world's welfare, happiness, suffering, equanimity, Well divided by the threefold experience, The Blessed One penetrated the three worlds, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 19. The fivefold world by the bond of affection, The fourfold world by the bond of nutriment, The lamp of the world penetrated, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 20. The non-dualist, the sixfold world Called the six sense bases, the Victor knew, The sevenfold world, the un-abiding world, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 21. The eightfold world, beginning with gain, He knew the nature of the world, The Sakyan sage, in the nine abodes, Therefore, he is called "Knower of the World." 22. 2. Thus, the Light of the Three Worlds, Dividing the twelvefold sense bases, Knew the world, the knower of the three characteristics, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 23. Because He thoroughly distinguished The world by elements, eighteen in number, He fully understood the world of conditioned things, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 24. He knew the world, bound by the unseen, Of jewels, gold, silver, pearls, Shells, corals, stones, and hardwoods, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 25. He knew the subtle inner world, Of trees, vines, fruits, shoots, leaves, Flowers, and various kinds of pollen, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 26. Whatever is contained, In this world of beings, That is born of the seasons, He fully understood it all, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 27. That Blessed One knew the extent Of Mount Himavat, The extent of the eight great hells, The extent of the Nāga and Garuda mansions, The extent of the Brahma and Asura worlds. 28. The extent of earth, water, fire, and air, The extent of continents, rivers, and oceans, The extent of Mount Meru and mountain peaks, The extent of the wish-fulfilling tree and the sun. 29. He fully understood The entire collection of conditioned phenomena Within the world of beings, Above, below, and across, Therefore, He is called the Knower of the World. 30. The Illuminator of the World, the Ornament of the Three Worlds, Because He understood this world of beings, The world of formations, And the world of space, Therefore, the Victor is called the Knower of the World, the End of the World of Formations. Thus, in the Jinavaṃsadīpa, a source of joy for all learned hearts, composed by the ascetic named Medhānanda, in the Santika Nidāna, the twenty-third chapter, a detailed explanation of the designation "The Blessed One is the Knower of the World" is completed. "Such is the fair fame that has gone abroad concerning the venerable Gotama: 'Indeed, the Blessed One is the incomparable tamer of men to be tamed.'" 1. Because of the absence of anyone superior to Him, With His own abundance of virtues, In a concise and definitive manner, that Sage Is Incomparable, with a moon-like face. Thus, that lion of a man, With virtue's perfection, Surpasses this world with its gods, With concentration, excellent wisdom, liberation, And the perfection of the qualities of insight into liberation. Since there is no one equal to him In the perfection of higher virtue, And the qualities of concentration and wisdom, How could there be anyone superior to him here? He is unequaled, a great sage, even beyond that. Incomparable, the unequaled sage, Since there can be no equal to the Unequaled, Because there is no second Tathāgata here, The Tathāgata is without a second. Since there is no image equal to him, Equal to him in the perfection of an unequaled body, There is no helper in the attainment of enlightenment, Therefore, the sage is without image, without a helper. Even with a beautiful and charming body, There is no person equal to him in qualities, And there is no one on earth capable of dividing the teachings, Except for himself, a person of insight. With the attainment of unsurpassed enlightenment, Which is not the domain of others, He is self-born, not a mere person, Capable of declaring the truth himself, The unsurpassed charioteer of men to be tamed. He tames those who are well-tamed, And guides those who are to be tamed, He tames those who are not tamed, Since the Conqueror is skilled in the means of taming, The unsurpassed charioteer of men to be tamed. Just as a charioteer with gentle reins, So the Tathāgata with a virtuous and righteous discourse, Tames and guides beings, The unsurpassed charioteer of men to be tamed. Just as a charioteer with harsh reins, With the method of threatening with punishment, So the Tathāgata tames and guides beings, The unsurpassed charioteer of men to be tamed. Just as a charioteer tames Those who are not to be tamed, with gentle and harsh means, So the Tathāgata abandons, does not instruct, Or does not admonish, The unsurpassed charioteer of men to be tamed. An elephant, driven by a goad, Runs only in the eastern direction, and so on, But beings are guided in all directions By the unsurpassed Conqueror, the charioteer of men to be tamed. Sitting somewhere on a seat or a bed, They attain the eight directions He goes to the best place, Quickly to the unsurpassed direction, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 14. Well-established, the sage, by the training in morality, Masterful, instructing by the training in higher mind, According to their capacity, he tames those fit to be trained, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 15. Concentrated, the sage, by the training in higher mind, Also instructing ascetics in insight, According to their capacity, he tames those worthy of awakening, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 16. Thus, successively, by the attainment of realization, In due order, the noble trainees, He tames, he leads, the leader of the world, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 17. The bond of the trainable, the spotless moon, He tamed the kings of Kosala and Magadha, The leader tamed many warrior men, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 18. The elephant of wrong views, the deceitful-toothed one, The drinkers of spirits, the men of the earth, the discerning one, The bull of conquerors tamed, instructing from where, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 19. With Upāli as the foremost, hard to approach, The leader, householders, learned men, separately, He tamed, from where he was fit for guidance, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 20. Also the one with untrue views, called Saccaka, The leader of the Niganthas, with no other to lead, The conqueror tamed him, the naked one of that kind, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 21. The bull of conquerors, Sabhiya, Subhadda by name, The ascetics, dispellers of darkness, with the true Dhamma, He taught ascetics beyond the discussion, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 22. He tamed, that sage, Uruvela Kassapa, Gayā Kassapa, and the ascetics of that kind, from where, The matted-haired ones, the one with matted locks untangled, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 23. The sage, unsurpassed in abandonment and restraint, Many warriors and ascetics in the teaching, He tamed, like a charioteer, ever upwards, The unsurpassed one, indeed, is the charioteer of men to be tamed; 24.