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53. `Saka` and others get `aṭo`. From `saka` (in power), `kasa` (to go), `kara` (to do), `makka` (a verb in the suttas), `deva` (to shine), `kama` (to desire), and so on, `aṭo` occurs. It collects (power) to carry a burden, thus `sakaṭo` (cart). It went to impurity, thus `kasaṭaṃ` (impurity, dregs). It makes unpleasant sounds, thus `karaṭo` (crow). It moves, it stirs, thus `makkaṭo` (monkey). It is worshipped, it is revered, thus `devaṭo` (sage). It desires to ascend, thus `kamaṭo` (dwarf). 54. `Makuṭa`, `āvāṭa`, `kavāṭa`, `kukkuṭa`. These words are formed. From `maṃka`, `uṭo` occurs, and the nasal is dropped. It adorns, thus `makuṭaṃ` (crown). From `ava`, `āṭaṇa` occurs. It is dug, thus `āvāṭo` (pit). From `ku` (to sound), `āṭo` occurs, with `o` and `ava` substitutions as appropriate. It makes a sound, thus `kavāṭaṃ` (door). From `kuka` or `vaka` (to take), `kuṭaka` occurs. It takes food, thus `kukkuṭo` (rooster). 55. `Kama`, `usa`, `kusa`, `kasa` get `ṭho`. From `kama` (to desire), `usa` (to burn), `kusa` (to scold), `kasa` (to go), from these, `ṭho` occurs, with the nasal consonant of its class. It desires rice and so on, thus `kaṇṭho` (throat). Other forms like `okka` and so on. It is burned by heat in rice and so on, thus `oṭṭho` (lip), and also `karabho` (camel). It is scolded, it is cursed, thus `koṭṭho` (granary). It goes to destruction. ti kaṭṭhaṃ=wood. 56. Kuṭṭhādayo. The words beginning with Kuṭṭha are formed with ṭha. From Kusi, ṭha (is added), and the absence of o; that which is reviled, that which is cursed, is kuṭṭhaṃ=skin disease. In the word Kuṇa, the absence of the subsequent form and the absence of o; that which sounds, that which roars, is kuṇṭho=very sharp; that which is reviled, that which is cursed, is kuṇṭho=one with severed hands and feet, etc. For Daṃsi, dā (is added); that by which one bites, is dāṭhā=a kind of tooth. For Kami, aka (is added); that which is desired, that which is given, is kamaṭho=a begging bowl, a dwarf, and a tortoise. For Phassi, phuṭo (is added); that which is touched, is phuṭṭho=touch; and similarly for others. 57. Vara karā aṇḍo. From Vara (to choose) and Kara (to do), aṇḍo (is added). That which covers the lungs in oneself, is varaṇḍo=a mouth disease. That which is done, is karaṇḍo=a kind of basket. 58. Manantā ḍo. From verbs ending in ma and na, the suffix ḍa is frequently added in the sense of action. From Sama (to be calm), samanaṃ saṇḍaṃ=a multitude. From Kama (to step), that which goes, that which moves, is kaṇḍo=an arrow, and a section. From Dama (to tame), that by which one tames, is daṇḍo=punishment. From Ama, Gama (to go), that in which they arise, is aṇḍo=an egg-laying animal, and a sheath. That which goes to a swollen state, is gaṇḍo=a disease, and a part of the face. From Ramu (to play), that in which they play, is ruṇḍā=a widow. From Mana (to know), that by which one knows, is maṇḍo=the scum of rice, etc. From Khana, Khaṇa (to dig up), that which is dug up, is khaṇḍo=a kind of sugar-cane product. From Lama (to harm), that which harms purity, is laṇḍo=feces; and similarly for others. 59. Kuṇḍā dayo. The words beginning with Kuṇḍa are formed with ḍa. For Kama, Mana, Tana, the 'a' becomes 'u'; that which is desired, is kuṇḍaṃ=a vessel. That which knows what is beneficial and harmful, is muṇḍo=one with shorn hair. That by which one stretches, is tuṇḍaṃ=a beak. For Īra (to move), eraṃ is the substitute. That which moves, that which trembles, is eraṇḍo=a castor plant (lit. tiger's tail). For Si (to serve), sissa becomes khamuka; that which serves fragrance, is sikhaṇḍo=a crest; and similarly for others. 60. Tija kasa tasa dakkhā kiṇo jassa kho ca. From Tija (to sharpen), Kasa (to go), Tasa (to thirst), Dakkha (to grow), kiṇo is formed, and jassa becomes kho. , it is sharp, keen. It is cultivated, it is produced, hence it is a field, complete. Trembling, thirst, craving. By this one grows, increases, hence it is a worthy offering, merit. 61. From Vī and others, ṇi. From Vī-to weave, si-to serve, sū-to flow, du-to go, kī-to buy and sell, sā-to thin out and finish, and so on, ṇi occurs. It is woven, hence a braid, a mass of hair. Service, hence a row, a group of artisans of the same kind. With the prefix ni, it is served, hence a ladder, a staircase. It flows, it gushes, hence the hip. It goes, it carries, hence a trough, a boat. From the reading of Nadā and others, soṇī and doṇī can also be tipi. Buying, or by which one buys, hence a price. It makes suffering thin, hence a curtain. And so on for others. 62. From Gaha and others, aṇi. From Gaha-to grasp, ara-to go, dhara-to hold, sara-to move, to injure, to think, tara-to cross, and so on, the suffix aṇi occurs. It grasps, hence the digestive fire that cooks food. It is gone, it is moved, hence a fire-stick, wood for kindling fire. It holds, hence the earth. It is moved, it is gone, hence a path. By this they cross, hence a boat, and the sun. 63. From Rī, Vī, Bhā, ṇu. From Rī-to flow, Vī or Vā-to go, Bhā-to shine, from these ṇu occurs. It flows, it gushes, hence dust. It moves, it proceeds, hence a bamboo. It shines, it gleams, hence a ray of light. 64. Khāṇu and others. Khāṇu and others ending in ṇu are formed irregularly. Khaṇa, khaṇa-to cut, ṇ becomes ā. It is cut, it is hewn, hence a stump, a tree with cut branches. Jana-to generate, ṇ optionally becomes ā. By this one is born, one goes, hence the knee, the joint of the thigh and leg. Hara-to carry, one. It is carried, hence a fragrant substance. And so on for others. 65. From Ku and others, ṇo. From Ku-to sound, su-to hear, du-to go, vara-to choose, kara-to do, paṇa-to deal, to praise, tā-to protect, lī-to cling, and so on, ṇo occurs. It sounds, it roars in this, hence a corner, and a stick for playing a lute. He hears, hence a dog, and a man. It goes, it proceeds, hence a certain measure. Virūpatta wards off, thus `vaṇṇa` (color) = blue, etc. Makes hearing, thus `kaṇṇa` (ear) = hearing. Is carried, is used, thus `paṇṇa` (leaf) = foliage. Cuts, thus `tāṇa` (shelter) = protection. They hide therein, thus `leṇa` (cave) = hiding place. 66. Suvīhi ṇaka. `Su` - in hearing, `vī` - in spreading threads, from these `ṇaka` occurs. Hears, thus `suṇo` (dog) = dog. Is spread, thus `vīṇā` (lute) = lute. 67. Tiṇādayo. `Tiṇa` and others ending in `ṇaka` are formed. `Tija` - in sharpening, `ja` is dropped, sharpens with this, thus `tiṇa` (grass) = Bīraṇa grass, etc. `Lī`, `liha`, `sāda`, `kleda` - for these, `lo` and `lava` are used. Clings everywhere by taste, thus `loṇa` (salt) = salt. Is licked, thus `loṇa` (salt) = salt. Is tasted, thus `loṇa` (salt) = salt. Moistens, thus `loṇa` (salt) = salt. For `gam`, `o` is used. Goes, thus `goṇa` (ox) = ox. `Hara` - in carrying, `ṇ` becomes `ñ`. Is carried, thus `hariṇa` (deer) = deer. `Īra` - in trembling, short vowel, `ṇ` becomes `ñ`. When its barren state is reached, it trembles, thus `iriṇa` (barren land) = barren land. `Thu` - in praising, long vowel. Is praised, thus `thūṇa` (city) = city. `thūṇo` (pillar) = house pillar. And others similarly. 68. Ravaṇa varaṇa pūraṇā dayo. `Ravaṇa`, `varaṇa`, `pūraṇa` and others are formed with the `aṇa` suffix. Cries out, thus `ravaṇa` (cuckoo) = cuckoo. Wards off, thus `varaṇa` (fence) = fence. Is filled by this, thus `pūraṇa` (filling) = completion. 69. Pāvasā ati. `Pā` - in protecting, `vasa` - in dwelling, from these `ati` occurs. Previous vowel dropped. Protects, thus `pati` (master) = lord. They dwell therein, thus `vasati` (dwelling) = house. 70. Dhā hi si tana jana jara gama sacā tu. `Dhā` - in holding, `hi` - in going, `tana` - in spreading, `jana` - in generating, `jara` - in decay, `ama`, `gama` - in going, `saca` - in combining, from these `tu` occurs. Holds, thus `dhātu` (element) = red ochre, etc. Moves, produces fruit by this, thus `hetu` (cause) = cause. Is served by people, thus `setu` (bridge) = binds (path). Is stretched, thus `tantu` (thread) = thread. Is generated by kamma and defilements, thus `jantu` (being). Or is born by kamma and defilements, thus `jantu` (being) = living being. Decays, thus `jattu` (shoulder joint) = shoulder joint. Goes, thus `gantu` (traveler) = traveler. Combines, meets, thus `sattu` (flour) = barley flour, etc. 71. Arissuṭa ca From 'ara' (going) it becomes, and 'uṭa' is the substitute for 'ari'. It proceeds without stopping, thus the season = winter, etc. 72. Words like 'pitu'. Words like 'pitu' are formed with 'tu' at the end. From 'pā' (to protect), 'ā' becomes 'i', he protects, thus 'pitā' = father. From 'pā' (to drink/nourish), 'ā' becomes 'm', she nourishes, thus 'mātā' = mother. From 'bhā' (to shine), he shines, thus 'bhātā' = brother. From 'dhā' (to hold), 'ā' becomes 'ī', she is held, thus 'dhītā' = daughter. From 'duha' (to milk/fill), 'o' is absent, and 'tu' becomes 'ñchi'. She milks/fills (gives birth), thus 'duhitā' = daughter. From 'jana' (to give birth), 'a' becomes 'ā', and 'mā' is the ending substitute. He gives birth to children, thus 'jāmātā' = son-in-law. From 'naha' (to bind), he is bound by love, thus 'nattā' = grandson. From 'hu' (to offer), he offers/worships, thus 'hotā' = sacrificer. From 'pū' (to purify), he purifies future existence, thus 'potā' = the same (grandson/purifier). 73. 'Jana', 'kara', 'ratu'. From 'jana' (to be born), 'kara' (to do), from these, 'ratu' occurs, 'ra' is for the elision of the final vowel. It is born, thus 'jatu' = lac. It is done, thus 'katu' = a sacrifice. 74. 'Saka', 'unto'. From 'saka' (to be able), 'unto' occurs. He is able, thus 'sakunto' = bird. 75. 'Kapa', 'oto'. From 'kapa' (to cover), 'oto' occurs. He covers, thus 'kapoto' = pigeon. Or 'ṭo' for it, thus 'kapoṭo' = the same. 76. From 'vasa' and so on, 'anto'. From 'vasa' (to dwell), 'ruha' (to be born), 'bhadda' (welfare), 'nanda' (prosperity), 'jīva' (to live), and so on, 'anto' occurs. They dwell in this time, devoted to play, thus 'vasanto' = spring (season).