English
by the rule "vaggalalehi te", assimilation of "y" to the preceding sound occurs with palatals, labials, and "s". In the dental class, by the rule "tavaggavaraṇānaṃ ye cavaggabayañā", the dental class becomes the palatal class, then "y" assimilates to the preceding sound: Having cooked, having fully cooked, having been released, having firmly resolved. By the great rule, elision of "y" and lengthening: Having asked, having not asked, having divided, having distributed, having dismissed, having sat down, having sat back. In the sense of abandoning, elision of "y": Having abandoned, having abandoned, having abandoned. In the sense of cutting, Having cut, having cut up, having cut, having cut up. In the sense of deceiving, Having deceived, like a cheat [SN 1.35]. In the sense of falling, Having fallen, having fallen down, having fallen, having fallen down. In the sense of speaking, discussion. In the sense of going, Having gone, having attained, having lain down, having failed, having succeeded, having attained, having practiced. By the rule "Ū byañjanassā", insertion of "ī", by the rule "padādīnaṃ yuka", insertion of "y", assimilation to the preceding sound: Having gone, having gone, having attained, having attained, having lain down, having failed, having succeeded, having practiced. In the sense of striking with "ā-sad", "having assailed the Tathāgata" [Iti. 89], "like a crow assailing a rock." Having cut, having been cut, having cut, having cut off, having cut off, having cut through, having cut through, having defined, having defined, having broken, having been broken, having burst open, having burst open again, having broken, having burst open. In the sense of knowing, Having known, having fully known, having perfectly awakened, having known, having known, the Pāli text "having perfectly awakened to the mirage-like", in the case of "dā", having made it "o", it is accomplished, like "anupādiyāno". In the sense of harming, Having killed, having killed. To pierce. -in striking, pierce, having pierced. -in digging, dig, having dug, no ṇ-sound for it. In the group – Having thrown, having thrown down, having thrown together, having thrown, having thrown together. -in hanging, y-deletion, having hung on, having hung down, having hung down. -in supporting, stands leaning on a stick, proceeds leaning on meditation. 'Upa' prefix in lifting, as in "May the Sangha lift me up, venerable sir" [Mahavagga 71 (ullumpatu)] and so on, having lifted up, having begun, having undertaken, obtainable, perceivable, long. Having gone forth, having stepped on, having stepped out, having gone out, having stepped down, having advanced, having overcome, having retreated, having come, having met. 'Sama' in considering. The king should act after reflecting, not without reflecting, the lord of the land [Jataka 1.4.128 (nisamma khattiyo)]. 'Samu' in calming and weariness, having calmed down, having completely calmed down, having rested. 'Kasa' in pulling, having pulled away. 'Disa' in looking, having pointed out, having designated, having looked down, having referred to. 'Phusa' in touching. Touching again and again, he makes an end of it [Anguttara Nikaya 4.195]. 'Vasa' in dwelling. Having resided indeed for the full moon of the three months of Kattika [Parajika 653 (kattikapuṇṇamaṃ)], nasalization. 'Visa' in entering, having entered, having settled down, having firmly entered, and so on. Thus the collection of 'tvā'-etc. variations. The collection of suffix variations is finished. Collection of original forms. Collection of 'ta'-etc. suffixes. Now the collection of original forms is stated. Ta, ti, tu, tavantu, tāvī, tvā, tvāna, tuna, tuṃ, tave, tāye, tabba. Dā, khyā, gā, ghā, ṭā, ṭhā, tā, thā, dā, dhā, pā, phā, bhā, mā, yā, lā, vā, sā, hā. Declared, well-declared, explained, renowned. "Ū for the consonant" sometimes 'ī' insertion and shortening, chanted together, smelled, known. "From 'jyā' etc., 'knā'" is the 'nā' suffix, known. In the causative: caused to know, caused to know. He who protects and guards his son is 'tāta' (father). Given, doubling and shortening. Devadatta, Brahmadatta, Yaññadatta, caused to give, caused to give. See by Mahāvutti: drinking, drunk. 'Phā' in growing, grown, the night has dawned. 'Mā' in measuring, measured, proportioned, compared. , created, gone, taken, blown. By the Great Commentary, it is said, extinguished, fully extinguished, put out, fully put out, finished, completed, caused to finish, caused to complete, sent, abandoned, caused to abandon. In the 'timhi' ending: knowledge, gift, bowl, growth, extinction, full extinction. In the 'tumhi' ending: the Tathāgatas are said to be the explainers of all phenomena, they will be the knowers. One who strives finds wealth. In 'ū lasse', sometimes 'ī' becomes 'ettaṃ': one who causes to rise, one who causes to rise completely, a protector from suffering, a protector, a giver, one who causes to give, one who joins, one who causes to join, one who measures, one who causes to measure, one who extinguishes, one who causes to extinguish, one who abandons, one who causes to abandon. In 'tavantu', 'tāvīsu': explained, having explained, etc. In 'tvādīsu' with conjunction, it is short: having known, having known, having caused to know, having caused to know, having stood. From the root 'pāda', 'ṭhā' becomes 'ṭhaha': having stood firm, having established. In the causative, sometimes short: having placed, having established, having established, having given, having taken, having undertaken, having given. 'Dada' means 'to give', 'tvā' becomes 'pyo', in 'yamhi' 'da' becomes 'ja', the preceding vowel of 'ya' is long: may give, having caused to give. From the root 'pāda', it is short: having caused to undertake. 'Dhā' means 'to hold', it is doubled, the first is third and short, the 'dhā' of the second becomes 'ho': having placed, having arranged, having deposited, having believed, having placed down, having covered, having surrounded. In the causative: having caused to hold, having caused to place near, having drunk, or having drunk, having caused to drink, having caused to measure, having caused to finish, having caused to complete, having abandoned, having abandoned, having caused to abandon, having caused to abandon. In 'tuṃ', 'tavesu': to explain, to explain, to count, to count, to know, to know, to know, to know, to cause to know, to cause to know, to cause to know, to cause to know, to stand, to stand, to stand firm, to stand firm, to stand firm, to stand firm, to place, to place, to establish, to establish, to give, to give, to give, to give, to take, to take, to give, to give, to cause to give, to cause to give, to cause to undertake, to instruct, to connect, to connect, to believe, to believe, to believe, to place, to place, to connect, to place, to drink, to drink, to drink, to drink, to measure, to measure, to measure, to compare, to go, to go, to go, to finish, to finish, to complete, to abandon, to abandon, to abandon the realm of Māra, to give up, to give up, to cause to abandon, to cause to abandon, to cause to abandon. To be spoken, to be reckoned, to be counted, to be sung, to be known, to be known, to be made known, to be made known, to be stood, to be placed, to be given, to be taken, to be undertaken, to be caused to be given, to be caused to be undertaken, to be arranged, to be arranged, to be drunk, to be drunk, to be measured, to be measured, to be gone, to be taken, to be abandoned. In words ending in 'i', with 'vi' prefix, in the sense of going: gone, freed from defilement, freed from delusion, risen, arisen, with 'dā' as an augment. Calmed, met, assembled, departed, approached, fully approached, surrounded, bought, bought, bought, heaped up, heaped up, accumulated, accumulated, accumulated, conquered, defeated, flown, flown up, led, brought, disciplined, bent down, excellent, 'n' becomes 'ṇ'. Drunk, frightened, measured, bound, dependent, sent. In words ending in 'ti': assembly, investigation, policy, with initial lengthening in dual, guidance, guidance of the True Dhamma, fear. In words ending in 'tā': one who has met, one who has fully met, one who investigates, conqueror, leader, discipliner, one who leads down. In words ending in 'tavantu', 'tāvī': one who has met, one who has met, one who has fully met, one who has fully met, and so on. In words ending in 'tvā': having met, having approached, having bought, having investigated, having conquered, having conquered, having conquered, having conquered, having defeated, having led, having brought, having disciplined, having led, having brought, having disciplined, having clung, having secluded oneself, having lain down. In words ending in 'tuṃ', 'tave': to meet, to approach, to fully approach, to meet, to buy, to buy, to buy, to investigate, to investigate, to conquer, to conquer, to lead, to bring, to discipline, to lead, to bring, to discipline, to lead, to bring, to discipline, to lead. To be met. to be said, to be bought, to be bought, and so on. In praises: fallen, departed. In the causative: caused to fall. Shone, moved quickly, praised, greatly praised, highly praised, Preceded by 'saṃ' with 'dhu' in the sense of 'to love': a beloved friend. The Pāli passage is also: "An unloved one by a long-loved one." With 'du' in the sense of 'to go' and 'to harm': gone, afflicted. With 'dhū' in the sense of 'to shake': shaken, cast off. Become, arisen. In the causative: developed, highly esteemed, explained, fully developed. With 'yu' in the sense of 'to join': joined. With 'ru' in the sense of 'to sound': sounded. Sounded, chosen, restrained, well-restrained, heard, famous. With 'hu' in the sense of 'to worship': sacrificed. With '-ti' suffix: falling is 'cuti', praising is 'thuti', becoming, glory, hearing is 'suti'.