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having sought wealth unrighteously, by force, he does not make himself happy or satisfied, he does not share, nor does he perform meritorious deeds." Thus and so forth, venerable sir, there by the Blessed One were blameworthy and unblameworthy sensualists explained and distinguished in detail. Question: "And how, friend, there by the Blessed One were blameworthy and unblameworthy ascetics who live a harsh life explained and distinguished in detail?" Answer: "There are, headman, three kinds of ascetics who live a harsh life existing, found in the world. Which three? Here, headman, a certain ascetic who lives a harsh life, having gone forth from home to homelessness out of faith, thinking, 'Perhaps I might attain a wholesome state, perhaps I might realize a superior human state, a distinction of noble knowledge and vision,' he torments himself, he afflicts himself, but he does not attain a wholesome state, nor does he realize a superior human state, a distinction of noble knowledge and vision." Thus and so forth, venerable sir, there by the Blessed One were blameworthy and unblameworthy ascetics who live a harsh life explained and distinguished in detail. The Undetermined Connected Discourses The Khemā Sutta Question: "And in the Undetermined Connected Discourses, friend, by the ancient great elders who compiled the Dhamma, the Khemā Sutta, first recited, where, concerning whom, in what matter..." By whom and how was it spoken there? And how was it spoken again by the Blessed One? Answer – Between Sāvatthī and Sāketa, venerable sir, in the region of Toraṇavatthu, it was spoken by the bhikkhunī Khemā, concerning King Pasenadi of Kosala. King Pasenadi of Kosala, venerable sir, approached the bhikkhunī Khemā, and having approached and paid homage, he sat down to one side. Sitting to one side, venerable sir, King Pasenadi of Kosala said this to the bhikkhunī Khemā: “Does the Tathāgata exist after death, venerable lady?” In that context, venerable sir, the bhikkhunī Khemā spoke, saying: “This has not been declared by the Blessed One, great king, whether the Tathāgata exists after death,” and so on. And by the Blessed One, venerable sir, at a later time, when questioned by King Pasenadi of Kosala, it was spoken again in the same way. “Does the Tathāgata not exist after death, venerable lady?” The Kutūhalasālā Sutta Question – There, friends, the ninth sutta compiled by the ancient great elders, the reciters of the Dhamma, the Kutūhalasālā Sutta, where was it spoken by the Blessed One, concerning whom, in what context, and how? Answer – In Vesālī, venerable sir, it was spoken concerning the wanderer Vacchagotta. The wanderer Vacchagotta, venerable sir, approached the Blessed One and said: “Some days ago, Gotama, even earlier, a number of ascetics, brahmins, and wanderers of various sects, were gathered and assembled in the Kutūhalasālā (Hall of Curiosities), and this conversation arose,” and so on. In that context, venerable sir, the Blessed One spoke, saying: “It is fitting for you, Vaccha, to doubt, it is fitting to be perplexed. Perplexity has arisen in you concerning a doubtful matter,” and so on. The Mahāvagga Saṃyutta Pāḷi The Avijjāvagga (Chapter on Ignorance) The Upaḍḍha Sutta Question – And in the Mahāvagga Saṃyutta, friends, the second sutta compiled by the ancient great elders, the reciters of the Dhamma, the Upaḍḍha Sutta, where was it spoken by the Blessed One, concerning whom, in what context? and how was it spoken? Response – In Sakka, venerable sir, in the Sakyan village named Sakkara, it was spoken concerning the Venerable Elder Ānanda. The Venerable Elder Ānanda, venerable sir, said to the Blessed One: “This holy life, venerable sir, is half of it, that is, good friendship, good companionship, good association.” In that matter, venerable sir, the Blessed One spoke thus: “Do not say so, Ānanda, do not say so, Ānanda, the entire holy life, Ānanda, is good friendship, good companionship, good association.” For Ānanda, by relying on me as a good friend, beings subject to birth are freed from birth. Connected Discourses on the Factors of Awakening The Kuṇḍaliya Sutta Question – And venerable sirs, where, concerning whom, in what matter, and how was the Kuṇḍaliya Sutta, the sixth discourse recited by the ancient great elders who compiled the Dhamma, spoken by the Blessed One in the Connected Discourses on the Factors of Awakening? Response – In Sāketa, venerable sir, in the Añjana Grove, in the Deer Park, it was spoken concerning Kuṇḍaliya the wanderer. Kuṇḍaliya the wanderer, venerable sir, approached the Blessed One and said: “I, good Gotama, am one who relies on a monastery, one who frequents assemblies. For me, good Gotama, after the meal, having eaten breakfast, this is my practice: I wander and roam from monastery to monastery, from park to park. There I see some recluses and brahmins speaking on the advantage of freedom from dispute and the advantage of reproach. But what advantage does Master Gotama dwell with?” In that matter, venerable sir, the Blessed One spoke thus: “The Tathāgata, Kuṇḍaliya, dwells with the advantage of the fruit of knowledge and liberation.” The First Discourse on the Sick Question – Then, venerable sirs, where, concerning whom, in what matter, and how was the First Discourse on the Sick spoken by the Blessed One, the Knower… (etc.)… the Perfectly Self-Awakened One, in the second chapter on the sick in the Connected Discourses on the Factors of Awakening? Response – In Rājagaha, venerable sir, in the Pippali Cave, the Venerable A chant spoken concerning the elder Mahākassapa. Venerable sir, the elder Mahākassapa was dwelling in Pippali Cave, afflicted, suffering, gravely ill. Then, venerable sir, the Blessed One, in the evening, risen from seclusion, approached where the venerable Mahākassapa was. Having approached, he sat down on the seat prepared. Having sat down, the Blessed One said this to the venerable Mahākassapa: "Kassapa, are you comfortable? Are you getting along? Are your painful feelings receding, not advancing? Is their receding evident, not their advancing?" "No, venerable sir, I am not comfortable, I am not getting along. My painful feelings are strongly advancing, not receding. Their advancing is evident, not their receding." On that occasion, venerable sir, the Blessed One spoke thus and so, saying: "These seven factors of awakening, Kassapa, rightly expounded by me, developed and frequently practiced, lead to direct knowledge, to full enlightenment, to Nibbāna." Udāyi Sutta Question: Friends, right there, in the third Udāyi chapter, the Udāyi Sutta, the tenth recited by the ancient great elders who compiled the Dhamma— where, concerning whom, on what occasion, and how was it spoken by the Blessed One? Answer: Venerable sir, in the Sumbhas, in a market town of the Sumbhas named Setaka, it was spoken concerning the venerable elder Udāyi. Venerable sir, the elder Udāyi, having approached the Blessed One, spoke such words: "Wondrous, venerable sir! Amazing, venerable sir! How much, venerable sir, my love and reverence, shame and dread are for the Blessed One!" On that occasion, venerable sir, the Blessed One spoke: "Good, good, Udāyi! This path, Udāyi, has indeed been attained by you. Which, developed and frequently practiced by you, will lead you to such a state as you dwell thus and thus, so that you will understand: 'Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived, what was to be done has been done, there is no further state of being.'" Thus indeed was it spoken by the Blessed One. Connected Discourses on the Foundations of Mindfulness Sati Sutta Question: Friends, in the Connected Discourses on the Foundations of Mindfulness, ancient By which great elders, reciters of the Dhamma, was the second recited Satisutta, spoken by the Blessed One, where, concerning whom, and how? Answer – In Vesālī, venerable sir, in Ambapāli's mango grove, concerning many bhikkhus, the Blessed One spoke, saying: "Mindful, bhikkhus, should a bhikkhu dwell, with clear comprehension. This is our instruction to you." and so on. The Sālasutta Question – There, friend, by the ancient great elders, reciters of the Dhamma, was the fourth recited Sālasutta, spoken by the Blessed One, where, concerning whom, and how? Answer – In Kosala, venerable sir, in the brahmin village named Sālā, of the Kesalas, concerning many bhikkhus, the Blessed One spoke, saying: "Those bhikkhus, bhikkhus, who are new, recently gone forth, newly come to this Dhamma and Discipline, those bhikkhus, bhikkhus, should be encouraged, established, and settled in the development of the four foundations of mindfulness." and so on, venerable sir, was spoken by the Blessed One. The Sakuṇagghisutta Question – There, friend, by the ancient great elders, reciters of the Dhamma, was the sixth recited Sakuṇagghisutta, spoken by the Blessed One, where, concerning whom, and how? Answer – In Sāvatthī, venerable sir, concerning many bhikkhus, the Blessed One spoke, saying: "Formerly, bhikkhus, a hawk suddenly swooped down and seized a quail. Then, bhikkhus, the quail, being carried away by the hawk, lamented thus: 'Alas, we are unlucky! We are of little merit! We who roamed in a non-pasture, in another's domain! If only today we had roamed in our pasture, in our ancestral domain, then I would not have been a match for the hawk in battle!'" and so on, was spoken by the Blessed One. Alas, we are unlucky! We are of little merit! But what, O quail, is your pasture, your ancestral domain? That which is a ploughed field, a clod-heap. Come now, O hawk, come now, O hawk! Thus. Indeed, Bhikkhus, this happens when one wanders in a non-pasture, in another's domain. Therefore, Bhikkhus, do not wander in a non-pasture, in another's domain. Wander, Bhikkhus, in your own pasture, in your ancestral domain. When you wander, Bhikkhus, in your own pasture, in your ancestral domain,