English
Bone marrow is the marrow inside those various bones. In terms of color, it is white. In terms of shape, that which is inside large bones is like the tip of a large bamboo shoot, boiled and placed in a bamboo tube. That which is inside small bones is like the tip of a thin bamboo shoot, boiled and placed in the joints of a bamboo stick. In terms of direction, it arises in two directions. In terms of location, it is established inside the bones. In terms of delimitation, it is delimited by the inner surfaces of the bones; this is its similar delimitation. The dissimilar delimitation is like that of hair. 192. Kidneys are two lumps of flesh bound together. In terms of color, they are a dull red, like the color of the coral tree wood. In terms of shape, they are like the twin play-balls of children, or like two mango fruits attached to a single stem. In terms of direction, they arise in the upper direction. In terms of location, they are bound by a thick tendon that emerges from the throat passage with a single root, goes a short distance, then splits into two, encircling the heart flesh. In terms of delimitation, the kidney is delimited by the kidney part; this is its similar delimitation. The dissimilar delimitation is like that of hair. 193. The heart is the heart flesh. In terms of color, it is like the back of a red lotus petal. In terms of shape, it is like a lotus bud placed face down, with the outer petals removed. Outside it is smooth, inside it is like the interior of a bitter gourd fruit. For the wise, it is slightly open; for the dull-witted, it remains bud-like. Inside it, there is a cavity the size of a punnaga seed, where the blood... About a palmful of blood is situated, on which depend the mind-element and the mind-consciousness-element. This, for one of lustful temperament, is red, for one of hateful temperament, black, for one of deluded temperament, like meat-washing water, for one of discursive thought temperament, the color of horse-gram broth, for one of faithful temperament, the color of a kaṇikāra flower, for one of wise temperament, it appears clear, serene, unclouded, white, pure, shining like a cleansed natural gem. As to direction, it arises in the upper direction. As to location, it is established within the body, between the two breasts. As to delimitation, the heart is delimited by the heart-part, this is its delimitation by its own kind. Its delimitation by a different kind is like that of hair. 194. The liver is a double layer of flesh. In color, it is reddish, with a yellowish element, the color of the underside of a not-too-red lotus leaf. In shape, it is single at the base, double at the top, like the shape of a koviḷāra leaf. And for the dull-witted, it is one large piece, for the wise, two or three small pieces. As to direction, it arises in the upper direction, as to location, it is situated within the two breasts, leaning on the right side. As to delimitation, the liver is delimited by the liver-part, this is its delimitation by its own kind. Its delimitation by a different kind is like that of hair. 195. The mesentery is a two-fold enveloping flesh, distinguished as covered and uncovered. Both kinds, in color, are white, the color of a fine linen rag. In shape, it takes the shape of its own location. As to direction, the covered mesentery is in the upper direction. The other arises in two directions. As to location, the covered mesentery covers the heart and the kidneys, the uncovered mesentery is situated enveloping the flesh beneath the skin throughout the entire body. As to delimitation, below by flesh, above by skin, transversely by the mesentery-part, this is its delimitation by its own kind. Its delimitation by a different kind is like that of hair. 196. The spleen is the belly's jiv the spleen. In color, it is blue, the color of the nigguṇḍi flower. In shape, it is seven fingers long, unattached, the shape of a black calf's tongue. In direction, it arises in the upper direction. In location, it is situated on the left side of the heart, near the top of the abdominal membrane, where, if struck by a weapon, the life of beings is destroyed. In delimitation, it is delimited by the spleen part; this is its homogeneous delimitation. Its heterogeneous delimitation is like that of hair. 197. The lungs, the lungs, a mass of thirty-two pieces of flesh. In color, it is red, the color of an unripe fig fruit. In shape, it is the shape of an unevenly cut, thick cake piece. Inside, due to the absence of black and yellow, and being struck by the heat of karma-born energy, it is juiceless and without essence, like a chewed-up ball of straw. In direction, it arises in the upper direction. In location, it is situated inside the body, between the two breasts, covering the heart and liver, hanging down. In delimitation, it is delimited by the lung part; this is its homogeneous delimitation. Its heterogeneous delimitation is like that of hair. 198. The intestines, in a man, thirty-two cubits, in a woman, twenty-eight cubits, bent in twenty-one places, the intestinal coil. This, in color, is white, the color of sugar and lime. In shape, it is the shape of a snake with its head cut off, coiled and placed in a blood trough. In direction, it arises in two directions. In location, it is situated inside the body, bound at the upper throat and at the lower anus, within the limits of the throat and anus. In delimitation, it is delimited by the intestine part; this is its homogeneous delimitation. Its heterogeneous delimitation is like that of hair. 199. The intestinal mesentery, the binding at the bends of the intestines. In color, it is white, the color of the root of the water-lily. In shape, it is the shape of the root of the water-lily itself. In direction, it arises in two directions. In location, it is when people perform tasks like digging with a spade or hoe, the pulling of the machine Like the threads of a loom, like the boards of a loom, improperly arranged, binding the intestinal coils, flowing as one. Like ropes standing intertwined within a coiled foot-wiping mat, it stands amidst twenty-one intestinal coils. By division, it is divided into parts of the intestines. This is its similar division. Its dissimilar division, however, is just like hair. 200. "Udariya" means that which is in the belly, eaten, drunk, chewed, tasted. In color, it is the color of ingested food. In form, it is like loosely bound rice grains in a strainer. In direction, it arises from the upper direction. In location, it is situated in the belly. The belly, it is said, is an inner membrane like a blister arising in the middle of a wet cloth being squeezed from both sides. Smooth on the outside, inside, like a flower of a dirty cloak wrapped around a piece of flesh. It can also be said to be like the inside of a rotten jackfruit. Where worms of thirty-two kinds, such as takkoṭaka, gaṇḍuppādaka, tālahīraka, sūcimukhaka, paṭatantasuttaka, and so on, live, confused and agitated, moving in swarms. When food and drink are absent, they leap up, crying out, and strike the heart-flesh. And at the time of ingesting food and drink, they turn upwards, and quickly snatch away the first two or three mouthfuls ingested. Which is for those worms a birthplace, a latrine, a hospital, and a charnel ground. Just as, for example, at the entrance to a caṇḍāla village, in a ditch, during the hot season, when the sky rains heavy drops, carried by the water, various kinds of putrid matter, such as urine, feces, skin, bones, sinews, sputum, snot, blood, and so on, falls, and is mixed with muddy water. After two or three days, a swarm of worms arises, putrefied by the intense heat of the sun, emitting foam and bubbles on top, of a deep blue color, extremely foul-smelling and repulsive. It stands in a state unfit to approach, unfit to see, much less to smell or taste. Just so, various kinds of food and drink... Not pounded by teeth and pestle, turned over by the hand-like tongue, mixed with spittle and saliva, at that moment losing its good qualities of color, smell, and taste, like the vomit of a weaver, a dog, or a pig, having fallen (into the stomach), becoming enveloped by bile, phlegm, and wind, boiled by the intense heat of the stomach-fire, swarming with worms, constantly emitting foam and bubbles, it remains having attained an extremely disgusting and foul-smelling state. Even hearing about this, an unpleasantness arises regarding drinks and food, how much more so when one observes it with the eye of wisdom. And the drinks and food that fall there go into five divisions: one part is eaten by creatures, one part is burned by the stomach-fire, one part becomes urine, one part becomes feces, one part, having attained the state of essence, nourishes blood, flesh, and so on. In terms of delimitation, it is delimited by the stomach lining and the stomach part. This is its similar delimitation. Its dissimilar delimitation, however, is just like that of hair. 201. Feces means excrement. In terms of color, it is mostly the color of the ingested food. In terms of shape, it is shapeless. In terms of direction, it arises from the lower direction. In terms of location, it is situated in the large intestine. The large intestine is, between the lower navel and the base of the spine, at the end of the intestines, about eight finger-breadths in height, like a bamboo pipe, just as rainwater fallen on an upper ground level flows down and fills the lower ground level and remains there, even so, whatever drinks and food fall into the stomach, having been repeatedly cooked by the stomach-fire, emitting foam, and having attained a smooth state like pounded flour, flow down through the intestinal cavity, repeatedly pressed, and accumulate like yellowish clay placed in a bamboo joint, and remain there. In terms of delimitation, it is delimited by the large intestinal lining and the fecal part, this is its similar delimitation.