English
The same method applies to the upper row. As for direction, they arise from the upper direction. As for location, they are established in the two jawbones. As for division, they are divided by their root-base established in the lower jawbone, by space above, and by each other horizontally. Two teeth are not together; this is their similar division. The dissimilar division is just like the hair. 187. As for skin, it is the hide that envelops the entire body. Above it is the epidermis, which is of black, dark, yellow, etc., colors, and which, when pulled from the entire body, is the size of a jujube seed. But the skin itself is white in color. And its whiteness becomes apparent when the epidermis is destroyed by the impact of fire flames, blows, and other assaults. In shape, it is the shape of the body. This is the summary here. In detail, however, the skin of the toe is shaped like a silkworm cocoon. The skin of the top of the foot is shaped like a tied-up sandal. The skin of the calf is shaped like a leaf-packet of cooked rice. The skin of the thigh is shaped like a long bag filled with rice. The skin of the buttocks is shaped like a cloth strainer filled with water. The skin of the back is shaped like a board covered with hide. The skin of the belly is shaped like a lute-body covered with hide. The skin of the chest is mostly square in shape. The skin of both arms is shaped like a quiver covered with hide. The skin of the back of the hand is shaped like a razor case, or like a snake-hood bag. The skin of the hand-finger The skin of the penis is shaped like a key-case. The skin of the neck is shaped like a throat-covering. The skin of the mouth is full of holes, like a nest of worms. The skin of the head is shaped like a leaf-bag. And the meditator, taking hold of the skin, should send his knowledge to the upper part of the face, starting from the upper lip, and first discern the skin covering the mouth. Then the skin of the forehead. Then, just as one would put a hand between a leaf placed in a bag and the bag itself, he should send his knowledge between the skull and the skin of the head, and discern the skin of the head, separating the skin from its attachment to the bone. Then the skin of the shoulder. Then, in order and reverse order, the skin of the right arm. Then, in the same way, the skin of the left arm. Then the skin of the back; having discerned that, in order and reverse order, the skin of the right leg. Then, in the same way, the skin of the left leg. Then, in due order, the skins of the bladder, abdomen, heart, and neck should be discerned. Then, after the skin of the neck, the skin of the lower jaw should be discerned, and brought to an end at the lower lip, thus completing the process. Thus, by grasping the coarse, even the subtle becomes clear. From the aspect of direction, it arises in two directions. From the aspect of space, it covers the entire body. From the aspect of delimitation, it is delimited below by the established ground, and above by space; this is its similar delimitation. Its dissimilar delimitation is like that of hair. 188. As for flesh, there are nine hundred pieces of flesh. All of it is red in color, like a kimśuka flower. In shape, the calf muscle is like a meal wrapped in a palm leaf. The thigh muscle is like a young wild boar. The buttock muscle is like the tip of an oven. The back muscle is like a layer of palm sugar. The muscle of the two ribs is like a thin plastering of clay in the belly of a pot. The breast muscle is like a ball of clay, rolled and not thrown down. The muscle of the two arms is like something folded and placed. Thus, the form of a large rat. Thus, for one who grasps the gross and the gross, even the subtle becomes manifest. In terms of direction, it arises in two directions. In terms of space, it stands covering three hundred and twenty bones. In terms of delimitation, below by the surface resting on the bone mass, above by the skin, across by each other, this is its similar delimitation. Its dissimilar delimitation, however, is just like hair. 189. Tendons are nine hundred tendons. In terms of color, all tendons are white. In terms of form, they are of various forms. Among these, starting from the upper part of the neck, five great tendons, binding the body, descend through the front side. Five through the back side. Five through the right side. Five through the left side. Binding the right arm, five through the front side of the arm. Five through the back side. Similarly, binding the left arm. Binding the right leg, five through the front side of the leg. Five through the back side. Similarly, binding the left leg. Thus, sixty great tendons, called body-supporters, descend binding the body. These are also called sinews. All of them are shaped like a lotus bud. Others, however, stand covering various regions. Finer than those, they are shaped like a thread-rope. Others, finer than those, are shaped like a putilata creeper. Others, finer than those, are shaped like the strings of a great lute. Others are shaped like thick threads. Tendons on the backs of hands and feet are shaped like bird's feet. Tendons on the head are shaped like the net-cap of children. Tendons on the back are shaped like a wet net spread in the sun. The remaining tendons, following the various main and minor limbs, are shaped like a net-coat worn on the body. In terms of direction, they arise in two directions. In terms of space, they stand binding the bones throughout the entire body. In terms of delimitation, below by the surfaces resting on three hundred bones, above by the places where they touch flesh and skin, across by each other, this is their similar delimitation. But the differentiation of distinct parts is just like that of hair. 190. Excluding the thirty-two teeth-bones, the remaining are: sixty-four hand-bones, sixty-four foot-bones, sixty-four soft bones embedded in flesh, two heel-bones, two ankle-bones in each foot, two shin-bones, one knee-bone, one thigh-bone, two hip-bones, eighteen backbone-bones, twenty-four rib-bones, fourteen breast-bones, one heart-bone, two collar-bones, two shoulder-blade bones, two upper arm-bones, two forearm-bones in each arm, seven neck-bones, two jaw-bones, one nose-bone, two eye-bones, two ear-bones, one forehead-bone, one crown-bone, and nine skull-cap bones. Thus there are three hundred bones. All of them are white in color. In shape, they are of various forms. Indeed, there: The bones of the tips of the toes are like kataka seeds. The next, middle joint-bones, are like jackfruit seeds. The root joint-bones are like a small drum. The bones of the back of the foot are like a heap of chopped plantain stems. The heel-bone is like a single palmyra fruit seed. The ankle-bones are like tied play-balls. The part of the shin-bones resting on the ankle-bones is like a peeled date-palm kernel. The small shin-bone is like a bow-stick. The large one is like the back of a withered snake. The knee-bone is like foam worn away on one side. There, the part where the shin-bone rests is like the tip of a very sharp cow's horn. The thigh-bone is like the handle of a poorly-hewn axe or hatchet. Its part resting in the hip-bone is like a play-ball. The part of the hip-bone where it rests is like a large Alexandrian laurel fruit cut at the top. Both hip-bones, being joined together, are like a potter's oven. Individually, they are like a blacksmith's anvil. The sacrum bone, located at the end, when taken face down... Like a jackfruit, pierced with holes in seven or eight places. The backbone bones from within are like headbands placed one above the other. From without, like a string of rings. Between them are two or three thorns like saw teeth. Among the twenty-four rib bones, the incomplete ones are like incomplete swords. The complete ones are like complete swords. All of them are like the spread wings of a white fowl. The fourteen breastbones are like a cage of old measuring baskets. The heart bone is like the hood of a ladle. The collarbones are like small iron axe handles. The hip bones are like a Ceylonese hoe worn away on one side. The arm bones are like mirror handles. The forearm bones are like twin palm roots. The wrist bones are like headbands placed together on one side. The back-of-hand bones are like a heap of crushed plantain roots. In the fingers, the base knuckle bones are like small drums. The middle knuckle bones are like incomplete jackfruit seeds. The end knuckle bones are like clearing-nut seeds. The seven neck bones, pierced by a rod and placed in a row, are like bamboo shoot slices. The lower jawbone is like the iron hammer handle of blacksmiths. The upper one is like a scraping knife. The eye socket and nose socket bones are like young palm seeds from which the pith has been removed. The forehead bone is like a conch shell lid placed face down. The ear cartilage bones are like a barber's razor case. Above the forehead and ear cartilage, in the place where a headband is tied, the bone is like a piece of a full pot lid, crumpled. The crown bone is like a bent coconut with its mouth cut off. The skull bones are like a tattered gourd bowl sewn together and placed. From the direction, they arise in two directions. From the space, they are located throughout the entire body without distinction. Specifically here, the skull bones are established on the neck bones. The neck bones on the backbone bones. Back The hip bones are in the waist bones. The waist bones are in the thigh bones. The thigh bones are in the knee bones. The knee bones are in the shin bones. The shin bones are in the ankle bones. The ankle bones are established in the bones of the top of the foot. In terms of delimitation, internally by bone marrow, above by flesh, and at the ends and roots by each other, this is their similar delimitation. The dissimilar delimitation is like that of hair. 191.