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Explanation of Non-Communion And one who is of non-communion— 198. One expelled, one not fully ordained, a bhikkhunī, one whose roots are cut; Those of different communion, standing outside the boundary, those established in the sky; Eleven are incapable, and are declared to be of non-communion. 28. Explanation of Kamma And Kamma— 199. By a faction, an improper kamma, by the whole, an improper one; By a faction, a proper kamma, and by the whole, a proper one; Only the fourth is allowed, in other kammas, a dukkaṭa. 200. A four-group, a five-group, a ten-group, a twenty-group; A group of more than twenty, five Sanghas are distinguished. 201. Here, a four-group for rehabilitation, and full ordination, and invitation; And a five-group for rehabilitation, and full ordination in the Middle Country. 202. And a ten-group for rehabilitation, except for all kammas; The other is declared to be competent for all kammas. 203. To be done by a four-group, four who are present; Others competent for kamma, those who are entitled to consent, this is the rule for the rest. 204. To be done by a four-group and so on, the kamma of non-communion. fit for an act; Having made one of the serious cases a quorum-completer, An act like probation is done, it is faulty and a dukkaṭa. 205. One should prevent an invalid act with two or three obstacles; When preventing those seen here, they are more than that. 206. Those fit for an act, those not living together, those with disturbed minds, those afflicted with suffering; Their rejection in the midst of the Saṅgha is not appropriate. 207. For a bhikkhu who has performed the act, who is within the same boundary, who lives together, When he announces it, it is appropriate even for one who is not immediately present. 208. To make a valid act faulty, one should reject it directly; If one is absent, one should not give consent with a bodily assembly, it is a dukkaṭa. 29. Instruction on Avoiding Wrong Livelihood Avoiding wrong livelihood means – 209. Wood, bamboo, fruit, flowers, powder, bathing water, face water, Clay, tooth-sticks, etc., one should not give for the sake of supporting families. 210. By being a servant, a cook, a soup-maker, a seller of goods, By being a messenger, a letter-carrier, 211. Or by giving gifts, by being a physician for alms-food, Or by any other means condemned by the Fully Enlightened One, one should not live. 212. By entreaty, solicitation, flattery, deception, etc., One should avoid the requisites obtained by corrupting families. 30. Instruction on Duties Duties are – 213. An arriving bhikkhu should not enter the monastery with sandals on, With an umbrella, with his head covered, or with his robe made into a hood. 214. He should not wash the feet of even older bhikkhus with drinking water; He should greet the resident bhikkhus, and ask about his lodging. 215. A departing bhikkhu, having put away his wood, clay, and utensils, And having closed the monastery, should ask about his lodging. 216. If there is no one to ask, having carefully put things away, He should depart; otherwise, it is not proper for him to depart. 217. A resident bhikkhu should prepare a seat for an arriving elder; He should place nearby water for the feet, etc., and the bowl and robe. 218. He should go out to meet him and take his things, and ask him with drinking water; He should greet the arriving bhikkhu, and prepare his lodging. 219. He should tell him whether it is inhabited or uninhabited, and whether it is a suitable alms-resort or not; He should tell him where the latrines and urinals are, and how many. What is the novice's designation? 220. At entry and exit, the time, the drink for consumption; Or when seated, for the novice, all this he designates. 31. Explanation of Designation And thus, Designation – 221. Face-to-face and not face-to-face, two designations are spoken; Designating face-to-face, in the presence of one competent person; ‘‘This robe to you, I designate,’’ thus he should say. 222. By this much, to store indeed, is permissible, and not permissible; Consumption etc. by that, because of not being returned. 223. ‘‘My property, consume or dispose of or do as you deem fit,’’ – When indeed returned by that, consumption etc. is permissible. 224. Another face-to-face indeed, one, in the presence of one bhikkhu; Having taken the name of one, of five fellow monastics. 225. ‘‘This robe to the bhikkhu Tissa, to the bhikkhuni Tissā, to the novice Tissa, to the novice Tissā, to the female trainee Tissā, I designate,’’ thus should be said. By that bhikkhu, ‘‘The property of the bhikkhu Tissa, of the bhikkhuni Tissā, of the novice Tissa, of the novice Tissā, of the female trainee Tissā, consume or dispose of or do as you deem fit,’’ thus should be said. 226. In indirect designation, in the presence of one indeed, he should say; ‘‘This robe to you for the purpose of designation I give,’’ thus. 227. By him, ‘‘Who is your friend or acquaintance?’’ thus. And by the other, thus should be said, ‘‘Tissa the bhikkhu,’’ or ‘‘Tissā the bhikkhuni,’’ or ‘‘Tissa the novice,’’ or ‘‘Tissā the novice (female),’’ or ‘‘Tissā the female trainee,’’ thus. Again by him, ‘‘I give to Tissa or to Tissā,’’ thus having designated, by him indeed, ‘‘The property of the bhikkhu Tissa, of the bhikkhuni Tissā, of the novice Tissa, of the novice Tissā, of the female trainee Tissā, consume or dispose of or do as you deem fit,’’ thus should be returned. 228. Having understood the state of being far or near, one or many; ‘‘This (is) this,’’ thus, ‘‘These (are), these should be applied here. 229. Ten days or one month, or five, when the kathina is spread; For its completion, if there is an expectation of a month, It does not incur an offense of relinquishment, nor one of determination or stipulation. 32. Explanation of Dependence Dependence means – 230. For one competent, of five years' standing, there is no need for dependence; Even for one incompetent throughout life, he lives only in dependence. 231. Having made the robe over one shoulder, having raised the joined hands, Having sat in a squatting position, he should say up to the third time: "Be my teacher, venerable sir, I will live in dependence on Your Reverence." 232. When he has gone away, gone to another side, or gone astray, dependence ceases; It ceases by death, by going to another state, or by the teacher's consent. 233. One should not live in dependence on a shameless person, having come to a new place; One should wait four or five days to know the nature of the monks. 234. For a traveler, for a sick person, and for one attending the sick; Or for one who is requested in the wilderness, if it is considered suitable; Near suitable donors, it is permissible to dwell for a while. 33. Explanation of the Body-band Body-band means – 235. If one without a body-band enters a village, he incurs an offense of wrong-doing; He should tie it wherever he remembers, having gone there due to forgetfulness. 236. A strip and a pig's tooth (style), are two kinds of body-bands; A cloth strip and a rope, one is in accordance with that. 237. Fish-bone, date-palm leaves, and smooth strips are allowed; Four tassels are allowed, with double threads at the end. 238. Garlands, etc., crab-shell coverings, showing twisted threads; Beaten elephant-hide coverings, such strips are not permissible. 239. Ornaments like a pot, crocodile-mouth, etc., are not permissible at the ends of the tassels; Ornaments at both ends, designs, and other decorations are permissible. 240. A snake-like design, a drum, a soft lute, and a bundle (of threads); Two (of these) are not permissible on the tassels, only the middle ones are permissible. 241. Made of bamboo, ivory, horn, bone, wood, lac, fruit; Made of conch-shell, navel-shell; And made of thread, reed, metal; Such varieties are permissible, and knots made of them are also permissible. The first recitation section is finished. That. 34. Earth Description What is earth? 242. Born and not born, of two kinds, pure clay and dust; Born and burnt earth, much clay and dust; And a pile of clay and dust settled for more than four months. 243. Pure gravel, stone, dry soil, and sand; And burnt ground, mostly gravel and other earth; The second mentioned pile, settled for four months. 244. Two parts in three parts, of clay, of which land; This is mostly clay, the same rule applies to the rest. 245. An offense of expiation for digging, a minor offense for one who perceives it as born; For one who is in doubt and perceives it as not born, there is no offense in causing it to be dug. 246. An offense for each strike, for one who digs himself; One for a single command, verbal for various commands. 247. "Dig this place, this root, or this well here; Light a fire," to say this, fixing it, is not permissible. 248. "This post's pit, or bring clay, Make it allowable," such a saying is permissible. 249. Unconnected to the earth, dry mud and the like; It is permissible to move a little, mud that can be scooped out. 250. Earthworm mounds, termite mounds, mouse mounds; Settled for more than four months, and clods of earth, should not be disturbed. 251. When fallen into a well or the like, near water; When stones and dust are stuck, when fallen from a new branch. 252. In anthills, clay walls, and those risen in open spaces; In places mostly of dry soil, a brick wall stands. 253. To take a post or the like, moving the earth and disturbing it; To break the earth with a stream, or to make uneven ground even. 254. To sweep with brooms, to insert thorns or the like; Breaking the earth to show it, to walk on it. 255. To rub limbs and body parts, for one with an itchy disease, on banks or the like; Or to wash hands on the ground, to rub it, is not permissible. 256. Pulling out posts straight, rolling stones and the like;