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even of those offenses, is the connection. Therein means in offenses having origins beginning with sheep's wool and foot-by-foot rules. "A factor of an offense" means a cause of an offense. Having thus shown what is not a factor of an offense, showing a factor of that very thing, he says, "However, by way of bodily and verbal intimation," and so on. Therein, "arisen from agitation" means arisen with agitation as the cause. Or, the body is agitated, and speech is arisen, so "agitated and arisen"; of those agitated and arisen bodies and speech. "And that" means and one of the body and speech. "Indeterminate" here the word "iti" is for completion. This meaning is to be understood thus, is the connection. "By that" means by the mind. "This... ...together with" by this, in "knowing together," he shows the meaning of the prefix "saṃ" as "good" and "with form." "Transgression... ...having imagined" by this, he shows the meaning of the word "cecca" together with its qualification. "By way of effort... ...having sent." By this, it shows the meaning of the word "having transgressed." In Pāli, it is said that the word "which" refers to the domain of transgression: "which is an offense-case, a transgression." By "commits," it shows the rest of the text. Thus, the connection is "that monk due to transgression." The word "also" in "even in the indeterminate section" refers to the unwholesome section. "Of that" means "of the mind." The meaning of words like "not knowing" should be understood in terms of the opposite mentioned in the unwholesome section. The meaning of words like "which is an offense-case" is just the same as in the unwholesome section. 224. In phrases like "This is a dispute, not a case," the meaning should be understood thus; this is the connection. 9. Discourse on the Methods for Settling Cases 228. "In an act requiring a quorum of four" refers to acts like boundary demarcation. "In an act requiring a quorum of five" refers to acts like ordination in border regions. "In an act requiring a quorum of ten" refers to acts like ordination in central regions. "In an act requiring a quorum of twenty" refers to the act of rehabilitation. "Fit for the act" means suitable, appropriate, fitting for the act. 230. "Should be accepted" means should be received. The connection is "having accepted, it should be passed over." "Goods" means goods like robes. "For the suppression of pride" means for the suppression of the pride of those who have quarreled. "For a few days" means for a few days, that is, for two or three days. 231. Here, in "and endless speeches," the word "ananta" is one in meaning with the word "immeasurable," so it says "immeasurable." By "words," it shows that the word "bhassa" is a synonym for "vacana." "Should be settled by an Ubbāhikā" – by whom should it be settled? It says, "by announcement, or..." By this, it shows that it should be settled either by an announcement act or by a motion-and-two-proclamations act. "Ubbāhikā" means that by this resolution, it removes and prevents endless speeches by taking out the Dhamma speaker; by that. The connection is that it should then be decided by the monks thus appointed. The interpretation is "sitting separately, or sitting in that very assembly." "By others" means by others than the appointed monks. 233. Here, "tatrassā" is a word-division of "there may be." "In 'bhāgaṃ katvā tasaddo parisavisayo pasiddhavisayo,' the word 'ta' refers to the assembly, the well-known assembly. The word 'assa' is an inflectional ending, so it means 'may it be in that assembly.' When it is generally said, 'It has not come in the Sutta,' it is said with reference to the mātikā, as it will be said, 'not in the Sutta Vibhaṅga.' So it means, 'the mātikā has not come.' 'Vinayopi' means even the Khandhaka Vinaya. The particle 'pi' refers to the Sutta Vibhaṅga. In 'byañjanacchāyāyā,' the word 'chāyā' means both reflection and light, so it means 'only the letter.' The intention is to take only the reflection of the letter, the light of the letter, without taking the meaning that is within the reflection of the letter, the light of the letter. By 'paṭisedhetī,' it shows that the word 'paṭibāha' means only 'to reject,' not 'to crush.' Showing the manner of rejection, it says, 'in the acceptance of gold, silver, fields, and dwellings, etc.' 'Kinti' means for what reason, or from what cause. 'Imeti' refers to these monks who accept gold, etc. 'Kārethā' means you should cause them to do. 'Ethā' is an imperative form of 'eyyātha.' The seventh case ending is used for questioning. 'Sutte' means in the Suttanta Piṭaka. The connection is, 'another Dhamma speaker says.' 'Imesaṃ' refers to those who wear it hanging down. 'Etthā' means in wearing it hanging down. 234. In 'bahutarā bhikkhū,' 'bahutarā' means more, such as twice or thrice as many. So it means, 'even one more is considered many.' By 'ko pana vādo,' etc., it shows that the particle 'pi' in 'ekenapi' has a sense of reproach. Story of the Three Kinds of Vote-Takers 235. In 'saññattiyā,' 'saññatti' means making known. Showing that it is for that purpose, it says, 'for the purpose of making known.' 'Gūhitabbo' means hidden, that is, 'gūḷhako.' The connection is, 'the vote should be taken hidden.' 'Vivaritabbo' means open, that is, 'vivaṭako.' 'Sakaṇṇajappo' means whispering in one's own ear, that is, 'sakaṇṇajappako.' By 'nimittasaññaṃ āropetvā,' it shows that the word 'vaṇṇa' in 'vaṇṇāvaṇṇāyo katvā' means 'shape.' The voting sticks are well-shaped and ill-shaped. The meaning is "having done." From that, it is to be understood that after making a distinction, it should be taken. The connection is: "all those voting sticks." "Having done" means having put in. "In the manner stated" means in the manner stated by "being full of shamelessness," etc. By "up to the third time," it is to be understood as "pulling up again and again," thereby showing the meaning. "When there is an excess" means when there is an excess caused by those who speak unrighteously. "Even up to the third time" shows that if it is less than that, one or two times, what kind of talk is that? In the case of those who whisper in the ear, the decision should be known thus. The connection is: "If the elder of the Sangha takes it." "He" is the elder of the Sangha. "Having reached old age" means having reached the final stage of life. "This" is the voting stick of the unrighteous. "Of him" means of the elder of the Sangha. "The other stick" is the voting stick of the righteous, different from the sticks of the unrighteous. "He" is the elder of the Sangha. "That" is the voting stick of the righteous. "From that" means from the reason for not understanding. "The same method stated" means the same method stated in the secret. "Its meaning is revealed" means a revealed meaning. The Story of the Tassapāpiyasikā Discipline 238. "Near to pārājika" means close to pārājika. "In cases of taking what is not given," etc., the word "etc." includes the pārājika offenses of human form and superhuman states. "Untangling" means free from entanglement, the connection is "that monk." In "untangling with this," the word "anta" here shows it is a synonym for "māna" (mind). In "over-entangles," it asks "with what does he over-entangle?" and answers "with words like 'Come, venerable sir,' etc." "By him" means by the accuser. "Me" means me. "Says" means the accused says. "Of this" means of this wicked person who acts with contempt, confession, etc. "Will be virtuous" means if the wicked person will be virtuous. "Cessation" means cessation from the state of being wicked. "If not" means if he will not be virtuous. "Thus he will be destroyed" means by that act of imposing the tassapāpiyasikā, he will have gone to destruction. "In all" means in the entire section on settlement. Thus ends the explanation of the section on settlement. to the end. 5. The Chapter on Minor Matters The Story of Minor Matters 243. In the Chapter on Minor Matters, "muṭṭhikamallā" means boxers who strike with fists, harming each other. This shows the upper and lower parts of the word in the Pāli. Regarding "gāmamudavā," it means those who have joy (mudo modanaṃ) through adornment with skin-dye; those living in villages who are joyful are "gāmamudavā." This is shown by saying, "city people adorned with skin-dye and ornaments." The expression should be understood like in "they were beautiful" (Pārā. 193; Pāci. 67). "Thambheti" here does not mean just any pillar, but a pillar fixed and placed at a bathing place. Thus, it says, "a pillar fixed and placed at a bathing place." "Iṭṭhakāsilādārukuṭṭānaṃ" means brick-houses, stone-houses, and wooden-houses. "Aṭṭhapadākārena" means in the shape of an eight-square board. "Rājiyo" means lines. "Tatthā" refers to the attic, connected with "ākiritvā" (having scattered). "Gandhabbahatthako" means like the hand of a Gandhabba playing a lute. Since it is made of wood, it is called "dārumayahatthena" (with a wooden hand). "Tena" refers to the Gandhabba's hand, connected with "gahetvā" (having taken). "Kuruvindakapāsāṇacuṇṇāni" means the powders of a stone of that name. "Taṃ" refers to the prepared ball-bundle, connected with "gahetvā" (having taken). "Viggayha" means holding firmly onto each other's body, as shown by saying, "body to body with each other." "Makaradantake" means teeth resembling the teeth of a fish called Makara. "Mallakamūlasaṇṭhānena" means in the shape of a spittoon's base. "Gilānassāpi" (even for the sick) implies that it is even more so for the healthy. 244. "Dante" means in the Makara's teeth. "Akataṃ mallakaṃ" means an unmade spittoon. "Kapālakhaṇḍaṃ vā" (or a piece of skull)—the word "vā" is for aggregation. "Vatthavaṭṭi ukkāsikā nāma" means a cloth wick without kāsa flowers. "Natthi kāsaṃ phullametissā" (there are no kāsa flowers for it) is "ukkāsā," and that is "ukkāsikā.