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overturns one that has reached a settlement, therefore it is said, "How many settlements does one overturn who overturns a dispute case?" and so on. 341. "Only by a non-Pāli Vinaya decision" means only by way of a mere Dhamma teaching, without the characteristics of Vinaya. "And by which decision" is said referring to the non-Pāli Vinaya decision itself. "By a Sutta from the Khandhakas and Parivāra" means by a Sutta brought from the Khandhakas and Parivāra. "They make known" means they make clear. 342. "Of matters arising dependent on a matter" means of matters arising dependent on a previously done matter such as an act of suspension. What kind? Such as the third admonition and so on. 343. "That indeed" refers to that dispute case. 344. "It is said to show by which case among the cases they settle" means the intention is to show that when they settle cases, they settle only by a matter case, and not by other cases. 353. "Having asked, 'Among the seven settlements, which are the thirty-six origins?' 'The doing of an act, the making of an act...'" Without dividing the origins of Sammukhāvinaya by 'and so on,' only the six origins of Sativinaya and others are divided. Why is that? He says, "Although there are seven samathas," and so on. Just as for Sativinaya and others, there is no such thing as the necessity of 'in the presence of the Sangha' and so on. He says, "Due to the absence of inclusion in action." Explanation of the second verse's compilation 359. 'Mantaggahaṇa' means mutual comparison. Connecting again and again is 'anusandhita.' Since the word 'anusandhita' is formed in the sense of an action, he says, "Anusandhita means the connection of the discourse." Explanation of the two battles 365. 'Dependent on the rules of standing and sitting' means "one should stand thus, one should sit thus," and so on. 'For the purpose of producing perception' means for the purpose of producing perception in the accused and the accuser. 'Having made him recite the rule of inquiry' means having asked, "Do you know the rule of inquiry?" and having made him recite it. 375. 'According to the colors like blue and the non-colors' means according to colors like blue, and according to non-colors like health and so on. Explanation of the divisions of Kathina 404. 'In the condition of pre-arising, this does not obtain even one of the specified phenomena' means this application of fetching water and so on, in its own pre-arising condition, does not obtain even one of the specified phenomena like washing and so on, which are included as preliminary actions, because there is no such phenomenon of its own pre-arising included as a preliminary action. 412. 'In phenomena like form' means in the pure octad phenomena like color and smell. 416. 'The former two' means in this context, the 'internal removal' and 'co-removal' mentioned first, not the two removals like 'departure' and 'proximity'. Explanation of Upāli's Five 420-421. 'Omaddakāraka' means one who acts by crushing and overpowering. 'Support should not be given' means encouragement should not be given for the destruction of unity. 'Even having made one's view manifest' means even having made one's view manifest, saying, "This is not acceptable to me." Explanation of the Section on Transactions 424. Those to be incurred by bodily action are bodily actions. Those to be incurred by verbal action are verbal actions. 'In nine instances' means in the nine instances like suspension and so on. 'In two instances' means in the motion-second... This is in the declaration-fourth acts. Therefore, since the two Vibhaṅgas are not included in the way stated in the Great Commentary, therefore. The connection is that what is stated in the Kurundi should be taken. Explanation of the Diṭṭhāvikamma Chapter 425. By the saying "with four or five", it is permissible to teach together with two or three, but not beyond that. "In the *māḷaka* boundary" means in the sectional boundary. "In the *avippavāsa* boundary" means in the great boundary. Explanation of the Musāvāda Chapter 444. "False speech spoken by one who knows by implication" means false speech spoken by anyone who knows by implication. 446. "No inquiry should be given" means that what was said by him should not be heeded, and one should remain silent. Explanation of the Bhikkhunovāda Chapter 454. "Of nineteen kinds" means of nineteen kinds by way of reviewing the path, etc. Explanation of the Adhikaraṇavūpasama Chapter 458. "By five reasons" This is said by taking together the things that accomplish the purpose and their preliminary parts, by the commonality of being reasons, but not because all five have the same security of application. "By announcement" means by an appropriate announcement of the schism. The meaning is, by making the bhikkhus who are to be split understand by making them hear one's own words, so that a schism occurs. Therefore, it is said, "Are you not...", etc. "Having made a verbal split at the ear" means making it clear by this, a declaration revealing the matter that causes schism. There, making known what one has decided oneself, in a secret way, is shown as "announcement". "The act itself, or the purpose, is the measure" means that by them the accomplishment of the schism of the Saṅgha is the measure, while the others are merely their constituents. Therefore, it is said, "declarations", etc. "There" means in the declaration. Explanation of the Kathinatthāra Chapter 467. "By the reason stated in between" means by the reason stated, "for indeed, when one bows to it, the forehead might strike even the legs of beds, etc." Explanation of the Samuṭṭhāna 470. "That which was stated before" means the offense of the rule concerning sleeping together, etc. "The other" means with intention. "Having done frightening, etc." means the intention is to incur an offense by frightening, etc. Compilation of the Second Verses Explanation of Bodily and Other Offenses 474. In the Vinaya, serious (offenses) are Vinaya-serious. Although this (matter) has come in two verses, because it has been spoken mixed with others, a distinction should be understood. Explanation of Confession-Leading (Offenses) and Others 475. "Two grounds for communal living" - here, "ground" means state or condition. "Deficiency of limbs" should be understood as due to a lack of cause, thus it is said "and moreover here..." and so forth. "This method" means the method stated beginning with "and moreover here..." and so forth. "For one who cuts a tree, there is a pārājika offense" - this, which came in the discussion of trees in the context of taking what is not given, was said with reference to another's property. "Discarding semen" means the release of semen. "Dukkaṭa offenses are done" means a dukkaṭa offense is spoken of. "In the first training rule itself" means in the very first training rule of the Bhikkhunovādaka Vagga. For a nun who, having caused raw grain to be prepared, eats it: in the preliminary action, there is a dukkaṭa; upon swallowing, there is a pācittiya. Explanation of Pācittiya Offenses 476. "Abbhuṇhasīla" means one of fresh virtue. 478. "Asuttaka" means devoid of suttas; the meaning is that it is not removed from the suttas. Sweat-Releasing Verses Explanation of Questions Beginning with Non-Absence 479. In the Sweat-Releasing Verses, "there" (tahiṃ) means in that person. "Unsuitable intercourse means sexual intercourse and so forth" - this is stated in the Gaṇṭhipada. "This question was pondered by the skilled" - this was said due to a gender inversion; the meaning is "that question was pondered by the skilled". "Ten" means ten who are not to be revered. "Eleven" means eleven, such as eunuchs and so forth. "I do not speak of the upper part" - by this, it indicates the absence of sexual intercourse in the mouth. "Avoiding below the navel" - by this, it refers to the anus and urethra. "Referring to a nun who has crossed to the other side of a river, which is included in another village" - here, the river is included in the nun's village, and the other bank is included in another village. There, on the other bank, the village boundary, measured by the distance of the first stone throw, is delimited by the river's edge. Therefore, on the other bank, there is no wilderness even the size of a ratana. And the other bank, being covered with grass and so forth, makes it devoid of visible boundaries. There, in her own village, there is no offense. but on the far bank, at the first throw of a clod, in the village precincts itself, he places his foot. In between, according to the method stated in the Abhidhamma, he is said to have passed beyond his own village, which has become like a wilderness. Therefore, it should be understood that this is called falling away from the community. Those who were ordained in one way in the presence of monks were the five hundred Sakyan nuns, led by Mahāpajāpatī. For Mahāpajāpatī, too, having accepted the instruction given by Venerable Ānanda, was ordained in the presence of monks. Description of the five sections, starting with Pārājika 480. Regarding the transgression of sexual intercourse with a cloth, due to the possibility of it, it is said, "referring to a cloth hut and so on." It is said, "referring to a change of gender," meaning, "when there is a change of gender, since the acceptance is abandoned, it is not proper to take and eat it oneself." This is said referring to a change of gender. 481. "Similar to a well-established banyan tree" is said referring to a great banyan tree whose extent is one or two yojanas or more. The description of the verses for sweating is finished. The Fifth Section Description of the Section on Kamma 483. In the section on Kamma, the designation of an insane monk as insane can be given even without his presence, if he has asked and gone away. Even if he is sitting there, it does not become invalid, as there is no fixed rule.