English
think what should not be thought. Defined by the element of gall. This is its definition by shared characteristics. Its definition by dissimilar characteristics is like that of hair. Phlegm, inside the body, about one palmful in quantity. In color, it is white, the color of Nāgabalā leaves. In shape, it has the shape of space. In origin, it arises from the upward direction. In location, it is situated in the lining of the stomach, when drinks and food are ingested, just as a layer of moss in water, or a piece of wood or pottery, when falling, is split in two, and then covers over again and remains, so too, when drinks and food fall upon it, it is split in two, and then covers over again and remains; and when it is weakened, the stomach becomes extremely disgusting, like a festering boil, or a rotten chicken egg, with the smell of a corpse; and from the odor that arises, even the breath and the mouth become foul-smelling, like a rotting corpse; and that person becomes liable to be told, "Go away, foul-smelling crow!" And when it has increased and become thick, like a cover board of a latrine, inside the lining of the stomach, it remains, obstructing the smell of a corpse. Defined by the element of phlegm. This is its definition by shared characteristics. Its definition by dissimilar characteristics is like that of hair. Pus, that which has previously flowed as corrupt blood. In color, it is the color of withered Palāsa leaves, but in a dead body, it is the color of thick, foul-smelling urine. In shape, it has the shape of space. In origin, it arises from two directions. In location, there is no fixed location for pus, where it might be accumulated and remain; but wherever in the body a place is struck by splinters, thorns, blows, fire, etc., blood collects and ripens, and boils, pimples, etc., occur. They arise, and there they remain. Defined by the prior part of the boundary. This is its shared boundary. But the distinct boundary is like hair. Blood, two kinds of blood: congealed blood and circulating blood. Therein, congealed blood is the color of well-ripened, thick lac dye, circulating blood is the color of clear lac dye. In shape, both are space-shaped. In direction, congealed blood arises in the upper direction, the other arises in two directions. In location, circulating blood, except for the places devoid of flesh in the hair, body hair, teeth, and nails, and the hardened, dry skin, pervades the entire appropriated body according to the network of veins; congealed blood, filling the lower part of the liver's location to the extent of a single bowlful, dripping little by little over the heart, kidneys, lungs, moistening the kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs, remains. For in that, beings become thirsty when the kidneys, heart, etc., are excessively hot. Defined by the blood part of the boundary. This is its shared boundary. But the distinct boundary is like hair. Sweat is the water element that flows from pores, etc. It is the color of clear sesame oil. In shape, it is space-shaped. In direction, it arises in two directions. In location, there is no fixed location for sweat, where it would always remain like blood; but when the body is heated by fire, heat from the sun, seasonal changes, etc., then it flows from all the openings of hair and body hair pores, like a bundle of lotus stalks, water lilies, unevenly cut, confused, and uprooted from the water. Therefore, its shape should be understood according to the openings of hair and body hair pores. And the yogi who grasps sweat should contemplate sweat as filling the openings of hair and body hair pores. Defined by the sweat part of the boundary. This is its shared boundary. But the distinct boundary is like hair. Fat is thick, oily. So, in color, like phālita and haliddi. In shape, for the stout body, like a haliddi-colored cloth folded between skin and flesh; for the lean body, like a haliddi-colored cloth folded two or three times, resting on leg flesh, thigh flesh, back flesh attached to the spine, and abdominal flesh. In direction, born in two directions. In location, pervading the entire stout body; for the lean, resting on leg flesh, etc.; though counted as grease, due to extreme repulsiveness, it is not taken for oil for the head, nor for nasal oil, etc. In delimitation, delimited below by flesh, above by skin, and sideways by fat. This is its shared delimitation. Its unshared delimitation is like that of hair. Tears are the water element that flows from the eyes. They are like clear sesame oil in color. In shape, they have an open shape. In direction, born from the upper direction. In location, they are situated in the eye sockets. But they do not always accumulate in the eye sockets like bile in the bile sac; but when beings, being joyful, laugh loudly, or being sorrowful, weep and lament, or partake of such unsuitable food, and when their eyes are struck by smoke, dust, or dirt, then, arising from these joy, sorrow, unsuitable food, and seasons, they fill the eye sockets and either remain or flow out. But the yogi who grasps tears should grasp them as they remain filling the eye sockets. In delimitation, delimited by the tear element. This is its shared delimitation. Its unshared delimitation is like that of hair. Fat is melted grease. It is like coconut oil in color, or it can be said to be like oil poured for tasting. In shape, like scattered drops of grease floating on clear water during bathing. In direction, born in two directions. In location, mostly in the palms of the hands. Situated on the forehead, Back of the neck, soles of the feet, Backs of the feet, nostrils, Forehead, and shoulder blades. But it doesn't always remain Dissolved in these places; When heat arises in those areas From the heat of fire, sun, Or imbalance of the elements, Then, like a drop of oil Spreading on clear water During bathing, it wanders here and there. Limited by its oily nature, This is its shared limitation. Its distinct limitation is like hair. Saliva is watery element Mixed with foam inside the mouth. In color, it is white, The color of foam. In shape, it takes the shape of the space, Or it can be said to have the shape of foam. In direction, it originates from above. In location, it descends from both cheeks And stays on the tongue. But it doesn't always remain Accumulated there. When beings see or remember Such food, Or place something hot, bitter, Pungent, salty, or sour in the mouth, Or when their heart is troubled, Or disgust arises, Then saliva arises, Descends from both cheeks, And stays on the tongue. It is thin at the tip of the tongue, Thick at the base of the tongue; And it is able to moisten A handful of rice or other food Placed in the mouth, Like water in a well dug In a river sandbank, Without diminishing. Limited by its saliva nature, This is its shared limitation. Its distinct limitation is like hair. Nasal mucus is impure matter Flowing from the brain membrane. In color, it is the color Of young palm fruit pulp. In shape, it takes the shape of the space. In direction, it originates from above. In location, it fills the nostrils. But it doesn't always remain Accumulated there; But just as if a man Were to tie curd in a lotus leaf And pierce it below with a thorn, And then whey would drip And fall out through that hole, Just so, when beings weep or Or because of excessive eating, disturbances of the humors arise, then the brain matter inside the head, becoming putrid phlegm, drips down through the palate opening, filling or flowing out through the nostrils. But the yogi should apprehend the snot only when it has filled the nostrils. Defined by the portion of snot. This is its shared definition. Its distinct definition is just like hair. Synovial fluid is the slimy corpse-like substance inside the joints of the body. In color, it is the color of the golden shower tree sap. In shape, it has the shape of space. In direction, it arises in two directions. In location, it resides inside the one hundred and eighty joints, performing the function of lubricating the bones. For whom it is weak, for him, when rising, sitting, going forward, going back, contracting, extending, the bones creak, he moves as if making the sound of a cymbal, even after going a distance of one or two yojanas, the wind element is disturbed, the limbs ache. But for whom it is plentiful, for him, in rising, sitting, etc., the bones do not creak, even after going a long distance, the wind element is not disturbed, the limbs do not ache. Defined by the portion of synovial fluid. This is its shared definition. Its distinct definition is just like hair. Urine is the color of lye-water made from beans. In shape, it has the shape of water inside an upside-down water pot. In direction, it arises in the lower direction. In location, it resides inside the bladder. Bladder means the bladder-pouch, just as when the juice of sugar cane enters a mouthless clay pot placed in a trough, and the way of its entering is not apparent; even so, urine enters the body, and the way of its entering is not apparent, but the way of its exiting is evident; and when the urine is full, beings have the thought, "Let us urinate." There is accumulation. It is limited by the skin and the bladder. This is its shared limitation. Its unshared limitation is like that of hair. Indeed, having determined the parts such as hair in terms of color, shape, direction, and location, and repeatedly contemplating them in order, not too quickly, not too slowly, in the manner of 'repulsive, repulsive' in five ways in terms of color, shape, smell, support, and location, by transcending the concept, just as for a man with sight, looking at a garland strung with thirty-two kinds of flowers, all the flowers are apparent in their order, so too, for one looking at this body, thinking "there are hairs in this body," all those qualities are apparent in their order.