English
All are included by one: “Whoever has an offense, let him reveal it.” By this one statement of the origin, all training rules and all Pātimokkha recitations are included. Two roots of the Vinaya: Body and speech. Two serious ones are mentioned: Pārājika and saṅghādisesa. Two concealments of serious offenses: For a bhikkhunī who conceals a serious offense, it is a pārājika; for one who conceals a saṅghādisesa, it is a pācittiya. These are the two offenses of concealing serious offenses. Four in another village: “If a bhikkhu makes an arrangement with a bhikkhunī, a dukkaṭa; if he enters the precincts of another village, a pācittiya; if a bhikkhunī goes to another village, in a walled village, at the first step, a thullaccaya; at the second step, a saṅghādisesa; in an unwalled village, at the first step of entering the precincts, a thullaccaya; at the second step, a saṅghādisesa.” These are the four offenses in another village: dukkaṭa, pācittiya, thullaccaya, and saṅghādisesa. Four offenses due to crossing a river: “If a bhikkhu makes an arrangement with a bhikkhunī, a dukkaṭa; if he boards a boat climbs, a pācittiya offense; for a bhikkhunī going across a river, at the time of crossing, with the first foot, a serious offense; with the second foot, a saṅghādisesa offense. These are the four. In one kind of flesh, a serious offense: human flesh. In nine kinds of flesh, a minor offense: in the remaining unsuitable kinds of flesh. Two verbal offenses at night: a bhikkhunī, in dark night, without a lamp, standing with a man within arm's reach, converses, a pācittiya offense; standing having left arm's reach, converses, a minor offense. Two verbal offenses by day: a bhikkhunī, by day, in a secluded place, standing with a man within arm's reach, converses, a pācittiya offense; having left arm's reach, converses, a minor offense. Three for one who gives: with intention to kill, gives poison to a human, if he dies by it, a pārājika offense; gives to yakkhas or petas, if they die, a serious offense; gives to an animal, if it dies, a pācittiya offense. In giving a robe to a bhikkhunī who is not a relative, a pācittiya offense. Thus, for one who gives, these are the three offenses. And four for one who receives: in grasping by the hand or by the braid, a saṅghādisesa offense; in grasping the private parts with the mouth, a pārājika offense; in receiving a robe from a bhikkhunī who is not a relative, a nissaggiya pācittiya offense; for a lustful bhikkhunī receiving food or drink from the hand of a lustful man, a serious offense. Thus, in receiving, there are four categories of offenses. Five are confessable offenses: the five light ones. Six are remediable offenses: the remaining ones, excluding pārājika. One here is irremediable: the one pārājika offense. Two are said to be weighty in the Vinaya: pārājika and saṅghādisesa. And all are bodily and verbal: all training rules are bodily and verbal; there is not even one training rule laid down concerning the mind-door. One grain-juice at the wrong time: sour gruel. Indeed, this one grain-juice is permissible at the wrong time. One authorization by a motion followed by three announcements: the authorization for a bhikkhunī instructor. Indeed, this one authorization by a motion followed by three announcements is permitted. Two physical pārājikas: The pārājika of sexual intercourse for monks, And the pārājika of physical contact for nuns. Two grounds for co-residence: One makes oneself a co-resident, Or the united Sangha reinstates one who was suspended. But in the Kurundi, "The ground of co-residence And the ground of non-co-residence" — Thus are two grounds for co-residence stated. The cutting off of nights for two: Prescribed for one undergoing probation And one undergoing penance. Two two-finger-breadth rules: Two two-finger-breadth prescriptions. "Up to two finger-joints should be taken" — this is one. "Two finger-breadths or two months" — this is one. Two by striking oneself: A nun, having struck herself, incurs two offenses. If she strikes and weeps, It is an offense of pācittiya. If she strikes and does not weep, It is an offense of dukkaṭa. The Sangha is split by two: By an act And by taking votes. Two initial offenses here: Here, in the entire Vinaya, Two initial offenses are prescribed For both (monks and nuns). Otherwise, however, Nine for monks And nine for nuns, Making eighteen. Two things done by a motion: Two motion-actions – An act And the basis for an act. In nine instances, it is an act; In two, it stands as the basis for an act. Three in taking life: "If one digs a pit without specifying, And a human dies, it is pārājika; If yakkhas or petas die, it is thullaccaya; If an animal dies, it is pācittiya" — These are the three. Three verbal pārājikas: By concealing an offense, By following a suspended monk, By the eight grounds. But in the Kurundi, "By command in taking what is not given, In killing a human, And in boasting of superhuman attainments" — Thus are three stated. Three types of denigration: If one speaks of praise or dispraise, Referring to the anus or urethra, It is a saṅghādisesa. Excluding the anus and urethra, If one speaks of praise or dispraise, Referring to below the armpit And above the kneecap, It is a thullaccaya. If one speaks of praise or dispraise, Referring to above the armpit And below the kneecap, It is a dukkaṭa. Or three by acting as a go-between. He receives, investigates, brings back: an offense of Saṅghādisesa. He receives, investigates, does not bring back: an offense of grave fault. He receives, does not investigate, does not bring back: an offense of wrong-doing. These are the three categories of offenses concerning the go-between as the cause. Three persons are not to be given higher ordination: one deficient in time, one deficient in limbs, and one with a flawed basis. Their distinctions have already been stated. Moreover, here, one who is incomplete in bowl and robes, and one who is complete but does not request, these too are included in 'deficient in limbs'. And matricides and others who have committed wrong-doing, as well as eunuchs, hermaphrodites, and animals, are to be understood as included in 'one with a flawed basis'. This method is stated in the Kurundi. Three ways of gathering actions: proposal of motion, individual performance, and past action. Therein, 'may give, may do' and so on are the kinds of proposal of motion; 'gives, does' and so on are the kinds of individual performance; 'given, done' and so on are the kinds of past action. By these three, actions are gathered. By three others, actions are gathered: by the basis, by the motion, by the announcement. For an action is called one complete in basis, complete in motion, and complete in announcement, therefore it is said, "three ways of gathering actions." Three who are to be expelled: one who expels the bhikkhunī Mettiyā, one who slanders is to be expelled, a novice endowed with ten factors is to be expelled, one who expels the troublesome novice. Thus, these three expellable ones are to be understood in terms of gender, co-residence, disciplinary action, and expulsion. One recitation for three: from the saying "Monks, I allow two or three to make one announcement," one announcement is permissible for three persons with one preceptor and different teachers. In taking what is not given, three (offenses): for a quarter (of a coin) or more than a quarter, a pārājika offense; for more than a māsa (coin), a grave fault; for a māsa or less than a māsa, a wrong-doing. Four in relation to sexual intercourse: if not consumed, a pārājika offense; if mostly consumed, a grave fault; if the mouth is opened, a wrong-doing. In a lac-house, an offense of expiation. For one who cuts, for one who cuts a large tree, an offense of expulsion. In a living plant, an offense of expiation. In a body part, a grave offense. Five offenses related to discarding: One discards poison without specific intent. If a human dies by it, an offense of expulsion. Regarding yakkhas and pretas, a grave offense. Regarding animals, an offense of expiation. In discarding semen, an offense entailing suspension. Among the training rules, in discarding urine and feces on green plants, a minor offense. These are the five offenses related to discarding. "Pācittiya and Dukkata are committed" means that in the ten training rules of the Bhikkhunī Admonisher section, Dukkata offenses are committed along with Pācittiya offenses. "Four 'navakas' are mentioned here" means that in the first training rule itself, two are mentioned in improper action, and two in proper action. Thus, four 'navakas' are mentioned. "And by the robe of two" means that for one giving a robe to a nun ordained by monks, it is an offense of expiation. For one giving to a nun ordained by nuns, it is a minor offense. Thus, it means that for one giving a robe to two nuns, an offense arises with the robe as the cause. "Eight offenses requiring confession" are indeed found in the Pāli text. "By eating raw grain, Pācittiya and Dukkata are committed" means that for a nun who, having requested raw grain, eats it, Dukkata is committed along with Pācittiya. "For one going, four" means for one going by arrangement with a nun or a woman, a minor offense. In entering the village precincts, an offense of expiation. If a nun goes alone to another village, for her, upon entering the village precincts, at the first step, a grave offense. At the second step, an offense entailing suspension. These are the four offenses for one going. "And for one standing, the same number" means that for one standing, there are also four. How? A nun in a dark or concealed place, stands within arm's reach of a man due to familiarity, an offense of expiation. Stands having left arm's reach, a minor offense. At dawn, stands having left the arm's reach of a companion, a grave offense. Having left, he stands.