English
"Venerables, let the act subside." "Turning over and over, turning over and over" means turning over having taken and turned it over. And if even a little dye drips, one should not depart until the drop is cut off. One should not give a bowl to someone without asking the preceptor, and so on, all this is said in terms of a person disagreeable to the preceptor. One should not enter the village without asking the preceptor. One who wishes to enter for alms or for some other purpose must enter only after asking. If the preceptor rises early and wishes to go far for alms, he should say, "Let the young ones go for alms," and then go. If he goes without saying, and the disciple goes to the monastery and does not see the preceptor, it is permissible to enter the village. If he sees him even while entering the village, it is permissible to ask from the place he was seen. One should not go to the charnel ground, neither for dwelling nor for seeing. One should not depart to another direction. Here, one who wishes to depart should explain the matter and ask three times. If he permits, good; if he does not permit, and by residing with him, his recitation, or inquiry, or meditation does not succeed, and the preceptor is foolish and unskilled, merely wishing to keep him with himself and not allowing him to go, even if he prevents him in such a case, it is permissible to go. His recovery should be awaited. His recovery from illness should be awaited; one should not go anywhere. If there is another bhikkhu attendant, one should seek medicine, give it into his hand, and saying, "Venerable sir, this one will attend," then go. The chapter on the duties of a preceptor is finished. The chapter on the duties of a co-resident 67. Regarding the preceptor's proper conduct towards a co-resident: He should be gathered in and favored. That is, he should be gathered in and favored through instruction and so on. Here, instruction means the recitation of the Pāli text. Inquiry means the explanation of the meaning of the Pāli text. Admonition means saying, "Do this, do not do that," in a matter not yet undertaken. Exhortation means in a matter already undertaken. Moreover, whether undertaken or not Or, the first word to one not yet gone forth is instruction; repeated words are admonition. If the preceptor has a bowl, it means if he has an extra bowl. This method applies everywhere. "Equipment" means other ascetic requisites. Here, "zeal" is the search for means arising in a righteous way. From this point on, the duty, starting with giving a tooth-stick and ending with pouring water into the rinsing pot, should be done by the disciple only for the sick. But dispelling discontent and so on should be done even for the non-sick. "By dyeing the robe" means by dyeing it after hearing the method from the preceptor, "You should dye it thus." The rest should be understood in the way stated. The discourse on the duties of a disciple is finished. Discourse on not behaving properly, etc. 68. "They do not behave properly" means they do not fulfill the preceptor's duties as prescribed. "Whoever does not behave properly" means whoever does not fulfill the duty as prescribed; he incurs a dukkata offense, is the meaning. "Should be expelled" means should be dismissed. "There is no excessive affection" means there is no excessive household-based affection for the preceptor. "There is no excessive development" means there is no excessive development of loving-kindness; the wholesome side should be understood by the stated opposite method. "Fit to be expelled" means suitable to be expelled. "A preceptor who does not expel is blameworthy" means he is at fault, he incurs an offense; therefore, one who does not behave properly must be expelled. And if the duties are not performed due to not behaving properly, up to the dyeing of the robe, the preceptor suffers loss. Therefore, for one who does not do that, whether released from dependence or not released, there is an offense. For some, the offense applies only to one not released from dependence, starting from the giving of the bowl. If the disciples behave properly, but the preceptor does not behave properly, the preceptor incurs an offense. If the preceptor behaves properly, but the disciples do not behave properly, they incur an offense. If the preceptor accepts the duty, and there are many disciples, all incur an offense. If the preceptor says, "I have an attendant, you yourselves... He says, "Apply yourselves to recitation, mental attention, and so forth," there is no offense for the co-residents. If the preceptor does not know what is allowable or unallowable, he is foolish, and there are many co-residents. Among them, if one monk, accomplished in duties, takes the burden upon himself, saying, "I will do the preceptor's work; you all dwell without anxiety," and dismisses the others, from the time of his taking the burden, there is no offense for them. The discourse on improper conduct and so forth is concluded. The story of the brahmin Rādha 69. In the story of the brahmin Rādha – Although Venerable Sāriputta knew that the Going Forth and the Full Ordination by means of the three Refuges had been permitted by the Blessed One in Bārāṇasī, the Blessed One, however, wishing to reject that light ordination and to permit ordination made weighty by a ñatticatuttha-kamma (motion-and-three-declarations formal act), then the Elder, understanding his intention, said, "How, venerable sir, shall I give that brahmin the Going Forth and ordain him?" For the assemblies of the Buddhas are skilled in intentions, and this one is foremost in the Buddha's assembly. Regarding "by a competent and capable monk" – Here, "competent" means one who has the Vinaya Piṭaka with its commentaries memorized and recited. If that is not the case, then one who has at least this ñatticatuttha-kamma-vācā (motion-and-three-declarations formal act) itself well-grasped and recited, he too is "competent" in this context. But one who, due to illness such as cough, shortness of breath, or phlegm, or due to the imperfection of lips, teeth, tongue, etc., or due to not having practiced the recitation, cannot recite the kammavācā with perfect words and syllables, or omits a syllable or a word, or says something different from what should be said, he is "incapable". The opposite of that is to be understood as "capable" in this context. "The Saṅgha should be informed" means the Saṅgha should be made to know. Thereafter, to show what the Saṅgha should be made to know, he said, "May the venerable sirs listen to me," and so forth. 71. "Immediately after ordination" means immediately after being ordained. "He practices improper conduct" means he transgresses the rule. Let him lift me up, let him rescue me, having raised me from unwholesome states, let him establish me in wholesome states; or having lifted me from the state of a novice, let him establish me in the state of a bhikkhu. Taking pity means out of compassion; having compassion for me, that is the meaning. 73. It is established means it is constantly occurring. Four supports means four requisites. Because existence continues relying on the four requisites, therefore they are called supports. The story of the Brahmin Radha is finished. Story of the Teacher's Duties 75. What is this bhikkhu to you means what is this bhikkhu to you? To be advised and instructed by others means to be advised and to be instructed by others. Inclined to muchness, that is, forming a group means forming a group, that muchness exists, thus it is a group-former, muchness. That which is called group-forming muchness, for that purpose you have fallen too quickly, it is said. 76. Unskilled means devoid of skill in wisdom. Another, formerly of another sect, was the wanderer Pasūra. He, it is said, thinking 'I will steal the Dhamma', having gone forth with Elder Udāyi, when spoken to by him in accordance with the Dhamma, he raised a dispute against him. I allow, monks, by a skilled bhikkhu, etc. 'Skilled' here is just the characteristic mentioned previously in the description of the bhikkhu who advises. But whoever is able to perform services for a sick pupil or co-resident, this one is meant here as 'capable'. And this was also said – "Indeed, by a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities, ordination should be given, reliance should be given, a novice should be attended to. Which five? He is capable of attending to or having attended to a sick pupil or co-resident, of settling or having settled one who is discontent, of dispelling arisen remorse according to the Dhamma, of training in the Abhidhamma, of training in the Abhivinaya." (Pari. 418). 77. Those who have gone over to a side means those who have gone over to the side of other sects. I allow, monks, a teacher means a teacher's duties... I allow a teacher who corrects misbehavior. O bhikkhus, all that is said about the teacher and the pupil, such as "I am a pupil," should be understood in the same way as what is said about the preceptor and the co-resident, such as "O bhikkhus, I am a co-resident." Indeed, here, only the names are different. The discourse on the duties of a teacher is finished. Discourse on Dismissal and Non-Dismissal 80. Here, regarding pupils not behaving properly towards teachers, the characteristic previously stated, "for improper conduct, and when duties are not performed up to the dyeing of robes, there is a loss for the preceptor; therefore, for one not doing it, whether free from reliance or not free, there is an offense," and "for some, from the giving of the bowl onwards, there is an offense only for one not free from reliance," the offense of a pupil under reliance should not be understood by that same characteristic. Indeed, by a pupil under reliance, as long as he dwells relying on the teacher, all duties towards the teacher must be performed. However, by pupils for ordination, higher ordination, and Dhamma,