English
Are synonyms for the acceptance of the preceptor's state. "He makes known by body." Thus, when the co-resident says three times, "Venerable sir, be my preceptor," if the preceptor, by means of any one of the five terms like "It is good," by body, or by speech, or by both body and speech, makes known the acceptance of the preceptor, saying, "The preceptor has been taken by you," then the preceptor has been taken. Indeed, this is the taking of a preceptor here, namely, the preceptor's declaration by speech of any one of these five terms, or making the meaning known by body. But some say, referring to the acceptance of "It is good." That is not the standard. For the preceptor is taken merely by the request and giving. Acceptance is not a factor here. By the co-resident also, it is proper to know not merely, "By this term, my preceptor has been taken." "From today onwards, the elder is my responsibility, and I am the elder's responsibility." This too should be known. 66. "Herein is the right conduct." What was said, "One should conduct oneself rightly," herein is that right conduct. "Having risen early and removed the sandals." If, in the early morning, for walking or for washing and caring for the feet, sandals were put on and were on the feet, those should be removed immediately upon rising. "A tooth-stick should be given." Having brought three tooth-sticks: large, medium, and small, from those, whichever one he takes for three days, from the fourth day onwards, one of that same kind should be given. If, having made no fixed rule, and He takes whatever he takes, then whatever he gets, that should be given. "Mouth water should be given" means having brought cold and hot water, from that, whatever he uses for three days, from the fourth day onwards, the same kind of mouth-washing water should be given. If, without making a rule, he takes whatever he takes, then whatever he gets, that should be given. If he uses both kinds, both kinds should be brought. Having placed water at the mouth-washing place, from the latrine onwards, it should be swept. When he has gone to the latrine, the courtyard should be swept; thus the courtyard is not empty. While he has not yet come out of the latrine, the seat should be prepared. Having performed his bodily needs, and having come and sat there, the duty mentioned, "if there is gruel," and so on, should be done. "Uklāpo" means mixed with some rubbish; but if there is no other rubbish, and there are only water drops, it should be wiped even with the hand. "Having made them well-folded" means having made the two robes into one; those two robes made into one should be given. Indeed, every robe is called "saṅghāṭī" because it is folded together. Therefore it is said, "the saṅghāṭīs should be given." "Not too far, not too near" here means if, by turning back and looking at the preceptor, one reaches him with one or two steps, it should be understood that he has gone not too far, not too near. "What is included in the bowl should be received" means if, when the preceptor has received alms, gruel, or food, the bowl is hot or heavy, giving one's own bowl to him, that bowl should be taken; this is the meaning. "One should not interrupt the preceptor's speech" means when he is speaking, whether in the house or elsewhere, before his words are finished, another conversation should not be started. From this point onwards, wherever a prohibition is made with "na" (not), an offense of dukkaṭa should be understood everywhere. This is indeed the nature of the Khandhakas. Speaking near an offense Speaking words close to an offense, due to words, Dhamma, or gross misconduct, etc. He should be stopped, as if by asking, "Venerable sir, is it proper to speak such a thing? Is it not an offense?" Thus should he be stopped. But having decided, "I will stop him," one should not say, "Old man, do not speak thus." "Having arrived first" means: If the village is near, or if there is a sick monk in the monastery, one should arrive first from the village. If the village is far, and one is not coming with the preceptor, having left the village with him, having wrapped the bowl with the robe, one should arrive first from the middle of the path. Thus, returning, having arrived first, all duties such as preparing seats should be done. "It is wet" means: soaked, sweat-stained. "Having raised the corner by four fingers" means: making the corner exceed by four finger-breadths, thus the robe should be folded. For what reason? Lest there be a crease in the middle. For if folded evenly, there is a crease in the middle, then constantly breaking, it becomes weak; this is said to prevent that. Therefore, so that it does not break tomorrow in the same place it was creased today, it should be folded day by day raising it by four fingers. "The waistband should be placed in the fold" means: the waistband, having been folded, should be placed in the fold of the robe and kept there. "If there is almsfood" here means: whoever comes having eaten in the village itself, or between houses, or on the return path, or does not receive alms, for him there is no almsfood. But for one who has not eaten in the village, or has received alms, for him there is. Therefore, "if there is almsfood," etc., is said. Even if he has none, and wishes to eat, having given water, almsfood should be offered, even from what one has received oneself. "He should be asked with water" means: while eating, three times, "Venerable sir, let water be brought," he should be asked with water. If there is time, after the preceptor has eaten, one should eat oneself. If the time is short, the preceptor's water... Having placed it near him, he himself should also eat. "On an uncovered (ground)" means that the bowl should not be placed on ground mixed with dust and gravel, or on mats, pieces of cloth, etc., for no purpose. But if it is blackened or plastered with lime, being dust-free earth, it is permissible to place it on such ground. It is also permissible to place it on washed sand. It is not permissible on dust, dirt, gravel, and so forth. But there, having placed a leaf or a stand, it should be put on that. "The end from the far side, the middle from the near side" is said for gently placing (it) by inserting the hand underneath robe-poles, etc., with the hand facing forward. But for one placing it by taking the end, the middle part strikes against the wall above robe-poles, etc.; therefore, it should not be done thus. "The powder should be kneaded" means that bathing powder should be moistened with water and a ball should be made. "It should be put aside" means it should be placed in one smoke-free spot. "Service in the hot-bath house" means all duties such as giving charcoal, clay, hot water, and so forth. "Service in the water" means all duties such as rubbing the limbs and minor limbs, and so forth. "He should be asked for drinking water" means that in the hot-bath house, there is thirst due to heat and fatigue, therefore he should be asked. "If he is able" means if he is capable; he is not overcome by any illness; indeed, by a healthy co-resident, even if sixty years old, all duties to the preceptor should be done, and for one doing it disrespectfully, there is an offence of wrong-doing for breaking the duty. But in places connected with "not" (negation), even for a sick person, for one doing a forbidden action, it is indeed an offence of wrong-doing. "Without touching" means without touching the ground. "Door and back" means without touching the door and the back-frame. "Cobweb" means whatever insect nests, spider webs, and so forth. "First the ceiling should be lowered" means that first, beginning with the ceiling, it should be removed; this is the meaning. "Light-joints and corner-parts" means the light-joint parts and the corner parts, and the inner and outer window-doors. and the four corners of the womb are to be cleaned, this is the meaning. "It should be arranged as prescribed" means it should be arranged just as it was first prescribed. For this very purpose, the former rule was prescribed: "Having noted what was prescribed, and having taken it out, it should be put aside." But if it was arranged by someone who did not know at first, it should be arranged by moving the wall all around by two or three finger-breadths. This is the rule for arranging. If it is a large mat, and it is very big, it should be cut, its edge turned back, and tied, and then arranged. If one does not know how to turn back and tie the edge, it should not be cut. "The eastern window should be closed" means the eastern window should be closed. In the same way, the other windows should also be closed. "He should be moved away" means he should be taken elsewhere. "He should be made to move away" means another bhikkhu should be told, "Take the elder and go elsewhere." "He should be made to separate" means he should be made to dismiss. "He should be made to separate" means another should be told, "Make the elder dismiss his wrong view." "Effort should be made" means for the purpose of giving probation, that bhikkhu should be approached and requested. If one is capable oneself, it should be given by oneself. If one is not capable, it should be made to be given by another. "How indeed?" means by what means indeed? This is the method everywhere. "Or he might change it to a light one" means without performing the suspension, he might perform the censure or the banishment, this is the meaning. Therefore, knowing that "the Saṅgha wishes to perform the act of suspension on the preceptor," one should approach each bhikkhu and request, "Venerables, do not perform the act on our preceptor." If they are still performing it, they should be requested, "Perform the censure or the banishment." If they are still performing it, then the preceptor should be requested, "Venerable, behave properly." Thus, having made him behave properly, the bhikkhus should be requested,