English
there is applied thought, there is sustained thought. Therein, what is applied thought? That which is thinking, applied thought, intention, fixing, establishing, placing of mind, right intention – this is called "applied thought". Therein, what is sustained thought? That which is moving about, sustained thought, following thought, close thought, the mind's continuous application, the mind's close observation – this is called sustained thought. Thus, endowed with this applied thought and with this sustained thought... ...possessed of. Therefore, it is called "with applied thought and sustained thought". 566. "Born of seclusion" means applied thought, sustained thought, rapture, pleasure, one-pointedness of mind – these are born, arisen, produced, manifested, appeared in this seclusion. Therefore, it is called "born of seclusion". 567. "Rapture and pleasure" means there is rapture, there is pleasure. Therein, what is rapture? That which is rapture, delight, joy, gladness, mirth, exhilaration, satisfaction, elation, contentment of mind – this is called "rapture". Therein, what is pleasure? That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, agreeableness born of mental contact, pleasure felt, agreeable and pleasant feeling born of mental contact – this is called "pleasure". This pleasure is accompanied by this rapture, co-arisen, intermingled, conjoined. Therefore, it is called "rapture and pleasure". 568. "First" means first in order of counting. This is attained first, therefore "first". 569. "Jhana" means applied thought, sustained thought, rapture, pleasure, one-pointedness of mind. 570. "Attaining" means the gaining, obtaining, reaching, achieving, touching, realizing, accomplishment of the first jhana. 571. "Dwells" means... ...therefore it is called "dwells". 572. "From the subsiding of applied thought and sustained thought" means there is applied thought, there is sustained thought. Therein, what is applied thought? That which is thinking, applied thought... ...right intention – this is called "applied thought". Therein, what is sustained thought? That which is moving about, sustained thought, following thought, close thought, of the mind... continued application, sustained investigation— this is called "sustained thought." Thus, this initial thought and this sustained thought are calmed, tranquilized, pacified, set, completely set, applied, completely applied, dried up, completely dried up, made an end of. Therefore it is called "the calming of initial and sustained thought." 573. "Internal" means that which is internal, personal. 574. "Tranquilization" means that faith, conviction, acceptance, complete serenity. 575. "Unification of mind" means that stability of mind... (and so on)... right concentration. 576. "Without initial thought, without sustained thought" means there is initial thought, there is sustained thought. Therein, what is initial thought? That thought, initial thought... (and so on)... right intention— this is called "initial thought." Therein, what is sustained thought? That application, continued application, sustained thought, repeated sustained thought, close sustained thought, continued application of mind, sustained investigation of mind— this is called "sustained thought." Thus, this initial thought and this sustained thought are calmed, tranquilized, pacified, set, completely set, applied, completely applied, dried up, completely dried up, made an end of. Therefore it is called "without initial thought, without sustained thought." 577. "Born of concentration" means serenity, joy, and pleasure— these are born, arisen, produced, manifested, appeared in this concentration. Therefore it is called "born of concentration." 578. "Joy and pleasure" means there is joy, there is pleasure. Therein, what is joy?... (and so on)... this is called "joy." Therein, what is pleasure?... (and so on)... this is called "pleasure." This pleasure is accompanied by this joy, co-arisen, mixed, associated. Therefore it is called "joy and pleasure." 579. "Second" means second in the order of counting. This is attained as the second, therefore "second." 580. "Jhāna" means serenity, joy and pleasure, unification of mind. 581. "Having entered upon" means that acquisition, re-acquisition, attainment, complete attainment, touching, realization, entering upon of the second jhāna. 582. "Dwells" means... (and so on)... therefore it is called "dwells." 583. "And with the fading of joy" means t Now, what is rapture? That rapture, joy, delight, gladness, laughter, great laughter, satisfaction, elation, mental pleasure – this is called "rapture." This rapture is calmed, quieted, tranquilized, set, completely set, deposited, thoroughly deposited, dried up, completely dried up, brought to an end. Therefore it is said: "and from the fading of rapture." 584. "Equanimous one" – what is equanimity there? That equanimity, looking on with indifference, looking on with complete indifference, neutrality of mind – this is called "equanimity." Endowed with this equanimity, he is... and possessed of it. Therefore he is called "equanimous one." 585. "Dwells" – ... therefore he is called "dwells." 586. "Mindful and clearly comprehending" – what is mindfulness there? That mindfulness, recollection... right mindfulness – this is called "mindfulness." What is clear comprehension there? That wisdom, understanding... non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view – this is called "clear comprehension." Thus, he is endowed with this mindfulness and this clear comprehension... and possessed of it. Therefore he is called "mindful and clearly comprehending." 587. "And experiences pleasure with the body" – what is pleasure there? That mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, agreeableness born of mental contact, pleasure born of mental contact, feeling, agreeable and pleasant feeling born of mental contact – this is called "pleasure." What is the body there? The aggregate of perception, the aggregate of formations, the aggregate of consciousness – this is called "the body." He experiences this pleasure with this body. Therefore it is said: "and experiences pleasure with the body." 588. "Which the Noble Ones declare" – who are the Noble Ones there? The Noble Ones are called the Buddhas and the disciples of the Buddhas. They declare, teach, describe, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, proclaim this. Therefore it is said: "which the Noble Ones declare." 589. "Equanimous, mindful, dwelling in pleasure" – what is equanimity there? That equanimity, looking on with indifference, looking on with complete indifference... Observing neutrality of mind – this is called ‘‘equanimity’’. What is mindfulness there? That mindfulness, recollection…etc… right mindfulness – this is called ‘‘mindfulness’’. What is happiness there? That mental pleasantness, mental happiness, pleasant happiness felt born of mental contact, pleasant, happy feeling born of mental contact – this is called ‘‘happiness’’. Thus, endowed with this equanimity, and with this mindfulness, and with this happiness, one moves, acts, maintains, carries on, passes life, conducts oneself, dwells. Therefore it is said: ‘‘one with equanimity, mindful, dwelling happily’’. 590. ‘‘Third’’ is the third in the sequence of counting. This is entered as the third, thus ‘‘third’’. 591. ‘‘Jhāna’’ is equanimity, mindfulness, clear comprehension, happiness, one-pointedness of mind. 592. ‘‘Having entered upon’’ is the acquisition, attainment, gaining, accomplishment, touching, realization, full attainment of the third jhāna. 593. ‘‘Dwells’’…etc… therefore it is called ‘‘dwells’’. 594. ‘‘From the abandoning of happiness and from the abandoning of suffering’’: there is happiness, there is suffering. What is happiness there? That bodily pleasantness, bodily happiness, pleasant happiness felt born of bodily contact, pleasant, happy feeling born of bodily contact – this is called ‘‘happiness’’. What is suffering there? That bodily unpleasantness, bodily suffering, unpleasant suffering felt born of bodily contact, unpleasant, painful feeling born of bodily contact – this is called ‘‘suffering’’. Thus, this happiness and this suffering are calmed, tranquilized, pacified, set, completely set, suppressed, thoroughly suppressed, dried up, completely dried up, brought to an end. Therefore it is said: ‘‘from the abandoning of happiness and from the abandoning of suffering’’. 595. ‘‘From the former disappearance of joy and sorrow’’: there is joy, there is sorrow. What is joy there? That mental pleasantness, mental happiness, pleasant happiness felt born of mental contact, pleasant, happy feeling born of mental contact. feeling – this is called "joy." What is displeasure there? That which is mentally unpleasant, mentally painful, an unpleasant, painful feeling born of mental contact, an unpleasant, painful feeling born of mental contact – this is called "displeasure." Thus, this joy and this displeasure have already become calm, subsided, tranquilized, set, completely set, fixed, thoroughly fixed, dried up, completely dried up, made an end of. Therefore it is said, "from the passing away of joy and displeasure beforehand." 596. "Neither painful nor pleasant" means that which is mentally neither pleasant nor unpleasant, a neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of mental contact, a neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of mental contact. Therefore it is called "neither painful nor pleasant." 597. "Purity of mindfulness due to equanimity" means, what is equanimity there? That equanimity, looking on with equanimity, looking on impartially, the neutrality of mind – this is called "equanimity." What is mindfulness there? That mindfulness, recollection... (and so on) ...right mindfulness – this is called "mindfulness." This mindfulness is open, pure, and clear by means of this equanimity. Therefore it is called "purity of mindfulness due to equanimity."