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11. Analysis of the Path Factors 1. Discourse Division 486. The Noble Eightfold Path, namely – Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration. 487. Therein, what is Right View? Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the path leading to the cessation of suffering – this is called "Right View." Therein, what is Right Intention? Intention of renunciation, intention of non-ill-will, intention of non-harming – this is called "Right Intention." Therein, what is Right Speech? Abstinence from false speech, abstinence from divisive speech, abstinence from harsh speech, abstinence from idle chatter – this is called "Right Speech." Therein, what is Right Action? Abstinence from taking life, abstinence from taking what is not given, abstinence from sexual misconduct – this is called "Right Action." Therein, what is Right Livelihood? Here, a noble disciple, having abandoned wrong livelihood, sustains life by right livelihood – this is called "Right Livelihood." Therein, what is Right Effort? Here, a monk generates desire, exerts, arouses energy, applies his mind, strives for the non-arising of unarisen evil, unwholesome states; he generates desire, exerts, arouses energy, applies his mind, strives for the abandonment of arisen evil, unwholesome states; he generates desire, exerts, arouses energy, applies his mind, strives for the arising of unarisen wholesome states; he generates desire, exerts, arouses energy, applies his mind, strives for the maintenance, non-confusion, increase, development, cultivation, and perfection of arisen wholesome states – this is called "Right Effort." Therein, what is Right Mindfulness? Here, a monk dwells observing the body in the body, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world, observing feelings in feelings... He dwells observing feelings, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world. He dwells observing mind in mind, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world. He dwells observing mental phenomena in mental phenomena, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure concerning the world – this is called "Right Mindfulness." What is Right Concentration there? Here, a monk, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, enters and dwells in the first jhana, which is accompanied by initial application and sustained application, born of seclusion, and filled with rapture and pleasure. With the fading away of initial application and sustained application, he enters and dwells in the second jhana, which has internal assurance and unification of mind, is without initial application and sustained application, born of concentration, and filled with rapture and pleasure. With the fading away of rapture, he dwells in equanimity, mindful and clearly comprehending, and experiences pleasure with the body, of which the noble ones declare: "He dwells in equanimity, mindful, and at ease." He enters and dwells in the third jhana. With the abandoning of pleasure and pain, and with the previous disappearance of joy and sorrow, he enters and dwells in the fourth jhana, which is neither painful nor pleasant, and is purified by equanimity and mindfulness – this is called "Right Concentration." 488. The Noble Eightfold Path, namely – Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration. 489. What is Right View there? Here, a monk develops Right View, based on seclusion, based on dispassion, based on cessation, culminating in relinquishment. He develops Right Intention... He develops Right Speech... He develops Right Action... He develops Right Livelihood... He develops Right Effort... He develops Right Mindfulness... He develops Right Concentration, based on seclusion, based on dispassion, based on cessation, culminating in relinquishment. The Sutta Exposition. 2. The Abhidhamma Exposition 490. The Eightfold Path – Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action. right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. 491. Therein, what is the eight-factored path? Here, when a bhikkhu develops a supramundane jhāna, leading to liberation, leading to the elimination of accumulations, for the abandonment of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage, quite secluded from sensual pleasures… he enters and dwells in the first jhāna, with difficult practice and slow direct knowledge, at that time, the eight-factored path exists: right view… right concentration. 492. Therein, what is right view? That wisdom, understanding… non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right view.” Therein, what is right intention? That thought, thinking, intention, application, full application, the setting of the mind— right intention, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right intention.” Therein, what is right speech? That abstention, avoidance, refraining, abstinence from the four verbal wrongdoings, non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression of the boundary, breaking of the dam— right speech, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right speech.” Therein, what is right action? That abstention, avoidance, refraining, abstinence from the three bodily wrongdoings, non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression of the boundary, breaking of the dam— right action, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right action.” Therein, what is right livelihood? That abstention, avoidance, refraining, abstinence from wrong livelihood, non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression of the boundary, breaking of the dam— right livelihood, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right livelihood.” Therein, what is right effort? That mental exertion of energy… right effort, the enlightenment factor of energy, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is called “right effort.” Therein, what is right mindfulness? That mindfulness, recollection… right mindfulness, the enlightenment factor of mindfulness, a factor of the path, included in the path— this is is called "right mindfulness." Therein, what is right concentration? That stability of mind... right concentration, the concentration enlightenment factor, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right concentration." This is called "the eight-factored path." The remaining phenomena are associated with the eight-factored path. 493. The five-factored path – right view, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. 494. Therein, what is the five-factored path? Here, when a monk develops a supramundane jhāna, leading to liberation, going to the fading away (of defilements), for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage (of sainthood), quite secluded from sensual pleasures... he enters and dwells in the first jhāna, with painful practice and slow insight, at that time, the five-factored path arises – right view, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. 495. Therein, what is right view? That wisdom, understanding... non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, the investigation of phenomena enlightenment factor, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right view." Therein, what is right intention? That thinking, thought... right intention, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right intention." Therein, what is right effort? That mental exertion of energy... right effort, the energy enlightenment factor, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right effort." Therein, what is right mindfulness? That mindfulness, recollection... right mindfulness, the mindfulness enlightenment factor, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right mindfulness." Therein, what is right concentration? That stability of mind... right concentration, the concentration enlightenment factor, a path factor, included in the path – this is called "right concentration." This is called "the five-factored path." The remaining phenomena are associated with the five-factored path. 496. The five-factored path – right view, right intention, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. 497 Therein, what is right view? Here, a monk, at the time when he develops a supramundane jhana, leading to liberation, tending to the fading away (of defilements), for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage (of awakening), quite secluded from sensual pleasures…(etc.)… enters and dwells in the first jhana, with difficult practice and slow direct knowledge, whatever wisdom, understanding, at that time…(etc.)… non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, a factor of the path, included in the path – this is called "right view". The remaining phenomena are associated with right view…(etc.)… The remaining phenomena are associated with right intention…(etc.)… The remaining phenomena are associated with right effort…(etc.)… The remaining phenomena are associated with right mindfulness. Therein, what is right concentration? Here, a monk, at the time when he develops a supramundane jhana, leading to liberation, tending to the fading away (of defilements), for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first stage (of awakening), quite secluded from sensual pleasures…(etc.)… enters and dwells in the first jhana,