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excluding four consciousnesses dissociated from knowledge, it arises in resultant states in the four realms. Non-greed is a functional root, non-hatred is a functional root, excluding rootless consciousnesses from functional kama-realm states, they arise in functional states in the three realms. Non-delusion is a functional root, from functional kama-realm states, excluding rootless except for the two rootless mind-arisings, except for the four mind-arisings dissociated from knowledge, arise in the three planes of existence – these phenomena are roots. 1442. Which phenomena are not roots? Except for roots, wholesome in the four planes, unwholesome, resultant in the four planes, functional-indeterminate in the three planes, and form, and Nibbāna – these phenomena are not roots. 1443. Which phenomena are with roots? Except for delusion accompanied by doubt, and delusion accompanied by restlessness, the remaining unwholesome, wholesome in the four planes, except for the rootless mind-arisings of resultant sensuous existence, resultant in the four planes, except for the rootless mind-arisings of functional sensuous existence, functional-indeterminate in the three planes – these phenomena are with roots. 1444. Which phenomena are rootless? Delusion accompanied by doubt, delusion accompanied by restlessness, the two five-fold consciousnesses, the three mind-elements, the five rootless mind-consciousness elements, and form, and Nibbāna – these phenomena are rootless. 1445. Which phenomena are associated with roots? Except for delusion accompanied by doubt, and delusion accompanied by restlessness, the remaining unwholesome, wholesome in the four planes, except for the rootless mind-arisings of resultant sensuous existence, resultant in the four planes, except for the rootless mind-arisings of functional sensuous existence, functional-indeterminate in the three planes – these phenomena are associated with roots. 1446. Which phenomena are dissociated from roots? Delusion accompanied by doubt, delusion accompanied by restlessness, the two five-fold consciousnesses, the three mind-elements, the five rootless mind-consciousness elements, and form, and Nibbāna – these phenomena are dissociated from roots. 1447. Which phenomena are both roots and with roots? Where two or three roots arise together – these phenomena are both roots and with roots. 1448. Which phenomena are with roots and not roots? Wholesome in the four planes, unwholesome, except for the rootless mind-arisings of resultant sensuous existence, resultant in the four planes, from functional sensuous existence Excluding rootless mind-arisings, functional unclassified in the three planes, excluding the roots arisen therein – these phenomena are with roots and not roots. Rootless phenomena are not to be called – roots and with roots, nor with roots and not roots. 1449. Which phenomena are roots and associated with roots? Where two or three roots arise together – these phenomena are roots and associated with roots. 1450. Which phenomena are associated with roots and not roots? Wholesome, unwholesome in the four planes, resultant in the four planes, excluding rootless mind-arisings from sense-sphere result, functional unclassified in the three planes, excluding rootless mind-arisings from sense-sphere functional, excluding the roots arisen therein – these phenomena are associated with roots and not roots. Phenomena dissociated from roots are not to be called – roots and associated with roots, nor associated with roots and not roots. 1451. Which phenomena are not roots but are with roots? Wholesome, unwholesome in the four planes, resultant in the four planes, excluding rootless mind-arisings from sense-sphere result, functional unclassified in the three planes, excluding rootless mind-arisings from sense-sphere functional, excluding the roots arisen therein – these phenomena are not roots but are with roots. 1452. Which phenomena are not roots and are rootless? The two five-fold consciousnesses, and the three mind-elements, and the five rootless mind-consciousness-elements, and matter, and Nibbāna – these phenomena are not roots and are rootless. Root phenomena are not to be called – not roots but with roots, nor not roots and rootless. The Minor Intermediate Dyad 1453. Which phenomena are conditioned? Wholesome, unwholesome in the four planes, resultant in the four planes, functional unclassified in the three planes, and all matter – these phenomena are conditioned. 1454. Which phenomena are unconditioned? Nibbāna – these phenomena are unconditioned. 1455. Which phenomena are constructed? Wholesome, unwholesome in the four planes, resultant in the four planes, in the three functional-undetermined in the realms, and all form – these phenomena are conditioned. 1456. Which phenomena are unconditioned? Nibbana – these phenomena are unconditioned. 1457. Which phenomena are visible? The visible object base – these phenomena are visible. 1458. Which phenomena are invisible? The eye base ... the touch base, wholesome in the four realms, unwholesome, resultant in the four realms, functional-undetermined in the three realms, and that form which is invisible, non-impinging, included in the dharma-base, and Nibbana – these phenomena are invisible. 1459. Which phenomena are impinging? The eye base ... the touch base – these phenomena are impinging. 1460. Which phenomena are non-impinging? Wholesome in the four realms, unwholesome, resultant in the four realms, functional-undetermined in the three realms, and that form which is invisible, non-impinging, included in the dharma-base, and Nibbana – these phenomena are non-impinging. 1461. Which phenomena are material? The four great elements, and form derived from the four great elements – these phenomena are material. 1462. Which phenomena are immaterial? Wholesome in the four realms, unwholesome, resultant in the four realms, functional-undetermined in the three realms, and Nibbana – these phenomena are immaterial. 1463. Which phenomena are mundane? Wholesome in the three realms, unwholesome, resultant in the three realms, functional-undetermined in the three realms, and all form – these phenomena are mundane. 1464. Which phenomena are supramundane? The four paths not included, and the four fruits of recluseship, and Nibbana – these phenomena are supramundane. All phenomena are knowable by some, not knowable by some. The Group on Taints 1465. Which phenomena are taints? The four taints – the taint of sensuality, the taint of becoming, the taint of views, the taint of ignorance. The taint of sensuality arises in the eight consciousness-moments accompanied by greed. The taint of becoming arises in the four consciousness-moments accompanied by greed, dissociated from wrong view. The taint of views The outflow of views arises in the four mind-states associated with views. The outflow of ignorance arises in all unwholesome states – these phenomena are outflows. 1466. Which phenomena are not outflows? Excluding the outflows, the remaining unwholesome states, wholesome states in the four planes, resultant states in the four planes, functional states in the three planes, and form, and Nibbana – these phenomena are not outflows. 1467. Which phenomena are associated with outflows? Wholesome states in the three planes, unwholesome states, resultant states in the three planes, functional states in the three planes, and all form – these phenomena are associated with outflows. 1468. Which phenomena are without outflows? The four transcendent paths, and the four fruits of recluseship, and Nibbana – these phenomena are without outflows. 1469. Which phenomena are conjoined with outflows? The two mind-states accompanied by displeasure, excluding the delusion arisen therein, excluding the delusion accompanied by doubt and accompanied by restlessness, the remaining unwholesome states – these phenomena are conjoined with outflows. 1470. Which phenomena are disjoined from outflows? The delusion arisen in the two mind-states accompanied by displeasure, the delusion accompanied by doubt, the delusion accompanied by restlessness, wholesome states in the four planes, resultant states in the four planes, functional states in the three planes, and form, and Nibbana – these phenomena are disjoined from outflows. 1471. Which phenomena are both outflows and associated with outflows? Those very outflows are both outflows and associated with outflows. 1472. Which phenomena are associated with outflows but are not outflows? Excluding the outflows, the remaining unwholesome states, wholesome states in the three planes, resultant states in the three planes, functional states in the three planes, and all form – these phenomena are associated with outflows but are not outflows. Phenomena without outflows are not to be called – both outflows and associated with outflows, nor associated with outflows but not outflows. 1473. Which phenomena are both outflows and conjoined with outflows? Where two or three outflows arise together – these phenomena are both outflows and conjoined with outflows. 1474. Which phenomena are conjoined with outflows but are not outflows? Excluding the outflows, The remaining unwholesome states – these states are associated with cankers, but are not cankers. States dissociated from cankers should not be said to be cankers and associated with cankers, nor to be associated with cankers but not cankers. 1475. Which states are dissociated from cankers, yet with cankers? Delusion arisen in the two mind-states accompanied by displeasure, delusion accompanied by doubt, delusion accompanied by restlessness, wholesome states in the three planes, resultant states in the three planes, functional indeterminate states in the three planes, and all material form – these states are dissociated from cankers, yet with cankers. 1476. Which states are dissociated from cankers, and without cankers?