English
Just as those who are like a rock are not engaged in action, even so, this one is like the earth in humility. This is the characteristic. Among these, what is the four-fold method? In this explanation, what is the intention of that venerable one? Whoever Arahants desire the development of the faculties, they will produce a state of being like the earth. This is the intention. Among these, what is the turning? There is no ground for turning. Among these, what is the distinction? One who dwells contemplating the body will not necessarily attain a mind like the earth. For what reason? Those who are broken and cut, they do not attain a mind like the earth. All mindfulness of the body is the fruit of Nibbāna for the development of the trainee. This is the distinction. Among these, what is the method of reversal? For those who dwell contemplating the body, defilements, vexations, and fevers may arise due to the body itself. This is the method of reversal. Among these, what is the method of descent? The five aggregates [and the five aggregates in beings] are not descended [are descended into] the twenty-two faculties. Thus, what is the mind-faculty, that is the mind-element and the mind-base. What is the concentration-faculty, that is the phenomena-element and the phenomena-base. This is the method of descent. Among these, what is the method of purification? Whatever four things are to be developed by the mind, all of them are developed. Whatever is to be attained by the mind, that which is abandoned by the mind, for the purpose of this everywhere, and the endeavor for this, that meaning is pure. This is the a rich burden. Among these, what is the foundation? This concentration is declared for the sake of oneness, the six bodies are declared for the sake of oneness. The five faculties are material, the material body. The six feeling-bodies are the feeling-body. The six perception-bodies are the perception-body. The six volition-bodies are the volition-body. The six consciousness-bodies are the consciousness-body. All these phenomena are reckoned as the body of phenomena. This is the foundation. The requisites are skill in attainment and skill in the path [and skill in wisdom] as a cause. And the skill in the range of activity, and that which is suitable, that skill is the condition. Skill in purification is the cause, suitability is the condition. Happiness is the cause, harmlessness is the condition. These are the requisites. Among these, what is the superimposition? Just as the earth, whether pure or impure is deposited, remains the same, so too the body, whether pleasant or unpleasant contacts are experienced, remains the same with contact of impingement or with pleasant feeling, the mind is such. This discourse is expounded with simile for the person of quick understanding, by way of analysis. There is no room for superimposition here. 100. Among these, what is the discourse conducive to defilement? From which one does not conflict with wholesome states, does not grow, the Blessed One teaches this danger, therefore one should open up the six, what is open is not overwhelmed, therefore one should open up from danger, that is not overcome by three states: by the perception of impurity, one is not overcome by lust. By loving-kindness, one is not overcome by hatred. By insight, one is not overcome by delusion. And thus, whatever state is an opponent to that particular state, it will be perfected in that state. Whatever unwholesome state is an opponent to that state, one is not overcome by it. Another method. These states which one cannot rise up from by oneself, these states are taught. "It overwhelms the six" means by those thoughts by which it is possible to again clarify and purify the mind, it attains growth, development, and fullness for one inclined to seclusion, tending towards seclusion, leaning towards seclusion, in wholesome states. in good qualities, just as a blue lotus or a white lotus or a red lotus in water, and the moon in the bright fortnight, day and night it comes, its growth alone is to be expected, not its decline, such a mind is not overwhelmed. Furthermore, whoever is not crooked, not deceitful, not a trickster, an honest person, reveals himself as he truly is. There, for whoever conceals, unwholesome states pursue his mind. "It rains on what is covered," but whoever is not deceitful, not crooked, not a trickster, an honest person, reveals himself as he truly is. His mind is not destroyed by unwholesome states, this is the meaning of the Sutta. 101. What is the teaching there? Here, the ten unwholesome courses of action are taught as being overwhelmed, the ten wholesome courses of action as not being overwhelmed, so one is not purified by unwholesome things. As it was said by the Blessed One: "Through the defilement of the mind, monks, beings are defiled." What is the investigation there? For whom the mind is thus overwhelmed, for him, being awakened, whatever might be crooked, that, even immediately, in the Teacher or through compassion for virtues, this is the investigation. What is the reasoning there? Thus, the mind not being overwhelmed arises. Having arisen, it is established in wholesome states. This is the reasoning. The proximate cause for "it rains on what is covered" is the covered, the unrestrained. "It does not rain on what is open" is the uncovered, the restrained. Therefore, "one should uncover what is covered, it does not rain on what is open" is the proximate cause for the teaching. The characteristic meaning for "it rains on what is covered" is that whatever states are of one characteristic, being varied and covered, all of them are destroyed. Therefore, one should uncover what is covered. For "it does not rain on what is open," whatever states are of one characteristic, being uncovered by that, all of them are not rained upon. This is the characteristic meaning. What is the four-fold meaning there? In this Sutta, what is the Blessed One's intention? For whosoever's mind unwholesome states are taught to overwhelm, that they will act according to the Dhamma. This is the Blessed One's intention there. This is the four-part exposition. The Turning method: That which is covered, that twofold trembling, it should be uprooted. (This is) of immediate concentrations. There, conceit and pride increase the defilements. Through lack of faith, one falls to heedlessness. Through heedlessness, one declines, one becomes unrestrained. And this was said by the Blessed One: "For the unrestrained, the heedless, their defilements increase." Those four clingings, those four clingings, they become the five aggregates of clinging. These are the truths: suffering and its origin. Therefore, one should uncover what is covered. By which reason, those defilements increase. By their abandonment, defilements are abandoned. There, through diligence, lack of faith is abandoned. Through abandoning restlessness and remorse, grossness (is overcome). (If not), for him, the two qualities, tranquility and development, do not reach fulfillment. That which is the destruction of those defilements, this is cessation. These are the four truths. This is the Turning method. There, what is the Distinguishing method? "It rains over what is covered" is not absolute. What is the reason? For whom there is a turning back, as for the trainees. As was said by the Blessed One: "Even if a trainee commits evil, by body, speech, or mind; He is unable to conceal it, for inability is of one who has seen the path." Even if for them there is a restraining mind. But they should be pointed out due to conditions and in due course. This is the Distinguishing method. There, what is the Reversing method? "It rains over what is covered" means: for whom those qualities, all that is covered, is rained over. What is uncovered, it does not rain over. What is concealed, it does not rain over. This is the Reversing method. There, what is the Synonym method? "Covered" means: enclosed, veiled, shut, hidden, completely covered, obstructed. "What is uncovered, it does not rain over" means: for whom those qualities are gone forth, removed, not rained over, vomited out. This is the Synonym method. There, what is the Designation method? "It rains over what is covered" means: designated as belonging to defilements. "What is uncovered, it does not rain over" means: the duty of the good Dhamma, which is the path designated by designation. Therefore, it is laid down by the instruction-ordinance: "Uncover the hidden." It is laid down by the definition-ordinance: "The uncovered is not excessively rained upon." This is the ordinance-method. Among these, what is the descent-method? "The hidden is excessively rained upon" refers to the three defilements: greed, hatred, delusion. These are in the aggregates, the aggregate of formations... ...and these, as previously stated, are in the aggregates, elements, and sense-bases. This is the descent-method. Among these, what is the purification-method? The beginning with which this discourse is spoken, that beginning is appointed. Adhiṭṭhāna (Foundation) means: "The hidden is excessively rained upon" is laid down as a unity. For what reason? For this "it is excessively rained upon" and "it is thus excessively rained upon," this is explained by common characteristics as a difference, that is a unity-explanation. Among these, what is the equipment-method? And that which is "excessively rained upon," it has two causes, two conditions: indulgence in unwholesome activities, and delight in speaking. These two are unwise attention, and wholesome states are disturbances. These are the two conditions. Among these, what is the superimposition-method? "The hidden is excessively rained upon" means one sees difference. That which is hidden, that which is grasped, that which is not taught, that which is little heard, that which is doubt, that which is by a manifest unwholesome root,