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for my mind, O brahmin, is yoked to that. 116. Lying in the mud, trembling all over, I swam from island to island; Then I saw the Perfectly Awakened One, who had crossed the flood, without defilements. "Lying in the mud, trembling all over." "Lying in the mud" means in the mud of sensual pleasures, in the mire of sensual pleasures, in the defilements of sensual pleasures, in the hook of sensual pleasures, in the fever of sensual pleasures, in the impediments of sensual pleasures, lying, sleeping, dwelling, residing, living around — that is "lying in the mud." "Trembling all over" means trembling with the trembling of craving, trembling with the trembling of views, trembling with the trembling of defilements, trembling with the trembling of exertion, trembling with the trembling of results, trembling with the trembling of mental misconduct, attached, trembling with lust, hostile, trembling with hatred, deluded, trembling with delusion, bound, trembling with conceit, grasped, trembling with wrong views, scattered, trembling with restlessness, unsettled, trembling with doubt, firmly rooted, trembling with latent tendencies, trembling with gain, trembling with loss, trembling with fame, trembling with disrepute, trembling with praise, trembling with blame, trembling with pleasure, trembling with pain, trembling with birth, trembling with old age, trembling with sickness, trembling with death, trembling with sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair, trembling with the suffering of hell, trembling with the suffering of the animal realm, trembling with the suffering of the realm of hungry ghosts, trembling with human suffering, and so on, with suffering rooted in conception, with suffering rooted in gestation, with suffering rooted in birth, with suffering associated with being born, with suffering due to dependence after birth, with suffering due to self-infliction, with suffering due to infliction by others, with suffering due to formations, with suffering due to change, with suffering due to eye disease, with suffering due to ear disease, with suffering due to nose disease, with suffering due to tongue disease, with suffering due to body disease, with suffering due to head disease. Suffering from... suffering from ear disease... suffering from mouth disease... suffering from tooth disease... suffering from lip disease... from cough... from asthma... from catarrh... from burning... from fever... from stomach disease... from fainting... from dysentery... from colic... from cholera... from leprosy... from boils... from skin disease... from consumption... from epilepsy... from ringworm... from itching... from scabies... from eczema... from fissures... from blood-bile disease... from diabetes... from hemorrhoids... from carbuncles... from fistula... from diseases arising from bile... from diseases arising from phlegm... from diseases arising from wind... from diseases arising from a combination (of humors)... from diseases arising from seasonal changes... from diseases arising from improper care... from diseases arising from external causes... from diseases arising from kamma-result... from cold... from heat... from hunger... from thirst... from defecation... from urination... suffering from the touch of gnats, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and creeping things... suffering from the death of mother... suffering from the death of father... suffering from the death of son... suffering from the death of daughter... suffering from loss of relatives... suffering from loss of wealth... suffering from loss due to disease... suffering from loss of morality... suffering from loss of right view... trembling, greatly trembling, shaking, greatly shaking – lying in the mud, greatly trembling. From island to island they leap. From teacher to teacher, from teaching to teaching, from group to group, from view to view, from practice to practice, from path to path, they leap, they greatly leap, they fully leap – from island to island they greatly leap. "Then I saw the Fully Awakened One." "Then" means a conjunction of words, a connection of words, a completion of words, a combination of letters, a coherence of consonants, a sequence of words – that is "then". "I saw" means I saw, I beheld, I perceived, I understood. "Buddha" means that Blessed One, self-existent, without a teacher... ...a true designation, namely "Buddha" – "Then I saw the Fully Awakened One." "Crossed the flood, without defilements." "Crossed the flood" means b... The Blessed One has crossed the flood of sensuality, crossed the flood of becoming, crossed the flood of views, crossed the flood of ignorance, crossed, gone beyond, completely gone beyond, overcome, fully overcome, transcended the entire path of transmigration. He has completed the holy life, fulfilled the practice... The cycle of birth and death, there is no rebirth for him – thus, "crossed the flood." "Without defilements" means the four defilements: the defilement of sensuality, the defilement of becoming, the defilement of views, the defilement of ignorance. These defilements in the Buddha, the Blessed One, are abandoned, their roots cut off, made like palm-stumps, made non-existent, not liable to arise in the future. Therefore, the Buddha is "without defilements" – thus, "crossed the flood, without defilements." Therefore, Elder Piṅgiya said: "Lying in the mud, struggling, I swam from island to island; Then I saw the Fully Awakened One, who had crossed the flood, without defilements." 117. Just as Vakkali was, released in faith, Bhadrāvudha and Āḷavi Gotama too; Even so, you too should release faith, you, Piṅgiya, will go to the far shore of death's domain. "Just as Vakkali was, released in faith, Bhadrāvudha and Āḷavi Gotama too" means: just as Elder Vakkali, faithful, devoted to faith, with faith as his forerunner, resolved on faith, with faith as his chief, attained arahantship; just as Elder Bhadrāvudha, faithful, devoted to faith, with faith as his forerunner, resolved on faith, with faith as his chief, attained arahantship; just as Elder Āḷavi Gotama, faithful, devoted to faith, with faith as his forerunner, resolved on faith, with faith as his chief, attained arahantship – thus, "just as Vakkali was, released in faith, Bhadrāvudha and Āḷavi Gotama too." "Even so, you too should release faith" means: even so, you should release, let go, completely let go, resolve upon, firmly establish faith. "All formations are impermanent" – release, let go, completely let go, resolve upon, firmly establish faith. "All formations are suffering"... "All phenomena are not-self" – release, let go, completely let go, resolve upon, firmly establish faith... "Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease" – release faith... Release, completely release, resolve, be convinced – even so you too, establish faith. "You will go, Pingiya, to the far shore of the realm of death." The realm of death is called defilements, and aggregates, and volitional formations. The far shore of the realm of death is called the deathless Nibbāna, which is the calming of all formations, the relinquishing of all attachments, the destruction of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna. "You will go, Pingiya, to the far shore of the realm of death" means: you will go to the far shore, you will attain the far shore, you will touch the far shore, you will realize the far shore. You will go, Pingiya, to the far shore of the realm of death. Therefore the Blessed One said: Just as Vakkali, released in faith, and Bhadrāvudha, and Āḷavi-Gotama; Even so you too, establish faith, You will go, Pingiya, to the far shore of the realm of death. I am even more gladdened, having heard the words of the sage; The Fully Awakened One, with the veil removed, unblemished, eloquent. "I am even more gladdened" means: I am even more gladdened, I believe more and more, I resolve more and more, I am intent more and more; "All formations are impermanent" - I am even more gladdened, I believe more and more, I resolve more and more, I am intent more and more; "All formations are suffering" - I am even more gladdened (etc.) "All phenomena are non-self" - I am even more gladdened (etc.) "Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease" - I am even more gladdened, I believe more and more, I resolve more and more, I am intent more and more. This is "I am even more gladdened." "Having heard the words of the sage" means: "Sage" is called wisdom (etc.) he is a sage who has transcended the net of attachment. "Having heard the words of the sage" means: having heard, grasped, borne in mind, and discerned your word, your discourse, your teaching, your instruction, your admonition. having heard the sa- Profound speech. The Fully Awakened One is uncovered. Coverings are five coverings – the covering of craving, the covering of views, the covering of defilements, the covering of misconduct, the covering of ignorance. These coverings of the Blessed Buddha are removed, destroyed, uprooted, abandoned, cut off, calmed, tranquilized, incapable of arising again, burned by the fire of knowledge. Therefore, the Buddha is uncovered. The Buddha, that Blessed One... (and so on)... a true designation, namely 'Buddha' – is uncovered, the Fully Awakened One. He is without barrenness, with ready wit. Without barrenness means: lust is barrenness, hatred is barrenness, delusion is barrenness, anger is barrenness, resentment... (and so on)... all unwholesome formations are barrenness. These barrennesses of the Blessed Buddha are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm-stump, made non-existent, not liable to arise in the future. Therefore, the Buddha is without barrenness. With ready wit means three kinds of ready wit – ready wit concerning learning, ready wit concerning questioning, ready wit concerning realization. What is ready wit concerning learning? Here, for some, the Buddha's word is learned by heart – discourse,