English
"by them he is touched." "In many ways" means: in various kinds of ways he should be touched, overcome, overwhelmed, endowed with – "by them he is touched in many ways." "Without a dwelling" means: he does not make a dwelling for consciousness accompanied by volitional formations – this is also "without a dwelling." Or else: he does not make a dwelling for misconduct of body, misconduct of speech, misconduct of mind – this is also "without a dwelling" – "by them he is touched in many ways, without a dwelling." Exertion and endeavor is called that mental energy, undertaking of energy, going forth, endeavor, effort, exertion, enthusiasm, zeal, unflaggingness, strength, steadfastness, unslackening endeavor, unabandoned desire, unabandoned burden, taking up the burden, energy, faculty of energy, power of energy, right effort. "He should make his exertion and endeavor firm" means: He should make his energy and endeavor firm, make it steady; he should be firm in his undertaking, unwavering in his undertaking – "he should make his exertion and endeavor firm." Therefore the Blessed One said: Touched by the touch of illness, by hunger, He should endure cold or heat; By them touched in many ways, without a dwelling, He should make his exertion and endeavor firm. 202. He should not commit theft, nor speak falsehood, He should touch with loving-kindness all trembling and firm beings; When he knows the mind's defilement, "This is the dark side," he should dispel it. "He should not commit theft, nor speak falsehood" means: "He should not commit theft" means: here, a monk, having abandoned taking what is not given, abstains from taking what is not given; he is a taker of what is given, expecting what is given; he should dwell with a pure self, not a thief – "he should not commit theft." "Nor speak falsehood" means: here, a monk, having abandoned false speech, abstains from false speech; he is a speaker of truth, truthful, reliable, trustworthy, not deceiving the world – "he should not commit theft, nor speak false..." should be brought. "With loving-kindness one should touch the trembling and the firm." Loving-kindness: that which is loving-kindness towards beings, the act of loving-kindness, the state of having loving-kindness, sympathy, the act of sympathizing, the state of having sympathized, wishing well, compassion, non-ill-will, non-malice, non-hatred, a root of wholesome. Trembling: those whose craving, whose thirst, is not abandoned, and those whose fears and terrors are not abandoned. For what reason are they called trembling? They tremble, are agitated, are greatly agitated, are afraid, fall into terror; for that reason they are called trembling. Firm: those whose craving, whose thirst, is abandoned, and those whose fears and terrors are abandoned. For what reason are they called firm? They do not tremble, are not agitated, are not greatly agitated, are not afraid, do not fall into terror; for that reason they are called firm. "With loving-kindness one should touch the trembling and the firm." One should touch, should pervade, the trembling and the firm with loving-kindness; dwelling having pervaded with a mind accompanied by loving-kindness, ample, exalted, immeasurable, without enmity, without ill-will – "with loving-kindness one should touch the trembling and the firm." "When one knows the mind's defilement." When: at what time. Mind: that which is consciousness, mind, mentality, heart, the pure, mind, mind-base, mind-faculty, cognition, the aggregate of cognition, the mind-cognition element born of that. By misconduct of body, the mind becomes defiled, agitated, stirred, disturbed, shaken, confused, unpacified. By misconduct of speech... By misconduct of mind... By lust... By hatred... By delusion... By anger... By resentment... By hypocrisy... By insolence... By envy... By avarice... By deceit... By craftiness... By stubbornness... By arrogance... By conceit... By excessive pride... By intoxication... By heedlessness... By all defilements... By all misconducts... By all torments... By all fevers... By all anxieties... By all unwholesome volitional formations, the mind becomes defiled, agitated, stirred, disturbed, shaken, confused, unpacified. "When one knows the mind's defilement." One should know, should understand, the defiled state of the mind. should understand, should fully understand, should penetrate – when one knows the mind to be disturbed. “Should dispel the dark side.” “Dark” refers to Māra, the dark one, the overlord, the end-maker, Namuci, the kinsman of the heedless. “The dark side” means Māra’s side, Māra’s snare, Māra’s hook, Māra’s bait, Māra’s domain, Māra’s abode, Māra’s pasture, Māra’s bond – one should abandon, dispel, make an end of, bring to naught. Thus, “should dispel the dark side.” Or, “the dark side” means Māra’s side, the unwholesome side, the origin of suffering, the ripening of suffering, leading to hell, leading to the animal realm, leading to the realm of hungry ghosts – one should abandon, dispel, make an end of, bring to naught. Thus, “should dispel the dark side.” Therefore, the Blessed One said: “One should not steal, nor speak falsely, One should touch all trembling and firm with loving-kindness; When one knows the mind to be disturbed, One should dispel the dark side.” 203. One should not come under the sway of anger and conceit, But should stand having dug up their root; Then, whether it be dear or unpleasant, One will surely overcome it. “One should not come under the sway of anger and conceit.” “Anger” refers to that vexation, opposition of mind… (and so on) … fierceness, ill-temper, discontent of mind. “Conceit” refers to someone here who despises another by birth or by lineage… (and so on) … or by any other thing. “One should not come under the sway of anger and conceit.” One should not come under the sway of anger and conceit, but should abandon anger and conceit, dispel them, make an end of them, bring them to naught – thus, “one should not come under the sway of anger and conceit.” “But should stand having dug up their root.” What is the root of anger? Ignorance is the root, unwise attention is the root, the conceit “I am” is the root, shamelessness is the root, fearlessness of wrongdoing is the root, restlessness is the root – this is the root of anger. What is the root of conceit? Ignorance is the root, unwise attention is the root, the conceit “I am” is the root, shamelessness is the root, fearlessness of wrongdoing is the root. ...agitation is the root. This is the root of conceit. One establishes (oneself) by digging up their root. The root of anger and conceit, having dug up, having pulled out, having completely pulled out, having uprooted, having completely uprooted, having abandoned, having removed, having made an end of, having brought to non-existence, one should stand, one should firmly stand. Let him stand having dug up their root. Then, whether dear or not dear, certainly you will overcome. "Atha" means word-junction, word-connection, word-completion, letter-combination, consonant-smoothness, word-sequence – that is "atha". "Dear" means two kinds of dear – beings or formations. Which beings are dear? Here, those who are desirous of his welfare, desirous of his benefit, desirous of his comfort, desirous of his security from bondage – mother or father or brother or sister or sons or daughters or friends or ministers or relatives or blood-relations – these beings are dear. Which formations are dear? Agreeable forms, agreeable sounds... smells... tastes... tangibles – these formations are dear. "Not dear" means two kinds of not dear – beings or formations. Which beings are not dear? Here, those who are desirous of his harm, desirous of his detriment, desirous of his discomfort, desirous of his insecurity from bondage, desirous of depriving him of life – these beings are not dear. Which formations are not dear? Disagreeable forms, disagreeable sounds, smells... tastes... tangibles – these formations are not dear. "Certainly" means a statement of certainty, a statement of no doubt, a statement of no wavering, a statement of no duality, a statement of no ambiguity, a statement leading to liberation, a statement of no mistake, a statement of establishment – that is "certainly". Then, whether dear or not dear, certainly you will overcome. Overcoming dear and not dear, pleasant and unpleasant, happiness and suffering, joy and sorrow, desirable and undesirable, one should overcome, or one should overpower and overcome – then, whether dear or not dear, certainly you will overcome. Therefore the Blessed One said – "One should not go under the power of anger and conceit, even their root..." let him stand. Whether it be dear or not dear, surely, sirs, you will overcome it.” 204. Placing wisdom foremost, with wholesome joy, he should overcome those dangers. He should endure discontent in a remote dwelling, he should endure the four lamentable states. “Placing wisdom foremost, with wholesome joy”— “Wisdom” means that wisdom, understanding, investigation, thorough investigation, investigation of phenomena… …non-delusion, right view. “Placing wisdom foremost” means that here, someone acts with wisdom placed in front, with wisdom as his banner, with wisdom as his emblem, with wisdom as his chief, abounding in investigation, abounding in thorough investigation, abounding in observation, abounding in thorough observation, dwelling in distinction, acting accordingly, abounding in that, revering that, inclined to that, leaning to that, tending to that, devoted to that, with that as his chief. Thus, too, “placing wisdom foremost.” Or, when going, he understands “I am going”; when standing, he understands “I am standing”; when sitting, he understands “I am sitting”; when lying down, he understands “I am lying down”; however his body is disposed, so he understands it. Thus, too, “placing wisdom foremost.”