English
generates inferiority conceit through blame, generates conceit through pleasure, generates inferiority conceit through pain. Conceit of nine kinds – for one who is superior, the conceit "I am superior"; for one who is superior, the conceit "I am equal"; for one who is superior, the conceit "I am inferior"; for one who is equal, the conceit "I am superior"; for one who is equal, the conceit "I am equal". the conceit of "I am inferior" in one who is equal, the conceit of "I am superior" in one who is inferior, the conceit of "I am equal" in one who is inferior, the conceit of "I am inferior" in one who is inferior. Tenfold is conceit: Here, someone generates conceit by birth, or by clan, ...or by some other thing. Whatever such conceit, thinking, state of having thought, uplift, rising up, banner, grasping, desire for a flag of the mind – this is called conceit. And one should fully understand conceit. One should fully understand conceit by three kinds of full understanding: by understanding through knowing, by understanding through scrutinizing, by understanding through abandoning. What is understanding through knowing? One knows conceit: "This is conceit of one kind – that which is the mind's uplift." "This is conceit of two kinds – conceit of self-exaltation, conceit of disparaging others..." "This is conceit of ten kinds – here, someone generates conceit by birth, or by clan, ...or by some other thing" – one knows, one sees – this is understanding through knowing. What is understanding through scrutinizing? Having known this, one scrutinizes conceit as impermanent, as suffering, ...as escape – this is understanding through scrutinizing. What is understanding through abandoning? Having thus scrutinized, one abandons conceit, removes it, makes an end of it, brings it to non-existence – this is understanding through abandoning. "And one should fully understand conceit" means one should fully understand conceit by these three kinds of full understanding – "and one should fully understand conceit." One should fare refrained from impetuosity. What is impetuous conduct? For the lustful, lustful conduct is impetuous conduct. For the hateful, hateful conduct is impetuous conduct. For the deluded, deluded conduct is impetuous conduct. For one who is bound, conceited conduct is impetuous conduct. For one who is grasping, wrong-view conduct is impetuous conduct. For one who is distracted, restless conduct is impetuous conduct. For one who is unsettled, doubtful conduct is impetuous conduct. For one who is firm (in defilements), underlying-tendency conduct is impetuous conduct – this is impetuous conduct. "One should fare refrained from impetuosity" means one should be abstinent from impetuous conduct, refrained, completely refrained, gone forth, detached, liberated, disjoined, one should dwell, fare, move about with a mind free from boundaries. One should live, one should conduct oneself, one should maintain, one should pass time, one should sustain oneself – one should abstain from rashness. Therefore the Blessed One said: “One should not engage in falsehood, one should not make affection for forms; And one should fully understand conceit, one should abstain from rashness.” 179. One should not delight in the old, one should not make desire for the new; One should not grieve over what is diminishing, one should not rely on the void. “One should not delight in the old” means: “The old” refers to past forms, feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. One should not delight in, welcome, or cling to past formations due to craving or wrong view. One should abandon, dispel, make an end of, and bring to naught delighting, welcoming, clinging, grasping, clinging, and adherence – thus, “one should not delight in the old.” “One should not make desire for the new” means: “The new” refers to present forms, feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. One should not make patience, desire, affection, or lust for present formations due to craving or wrong view; one should not generate, produce, bring forth, or give rise to them – thus, “one should not make desire for the new.” “One should not grieve over what is diminishing” means: When diminishing, wasting away, decaying, fading, disappearing, or vanishing, one should not grieve, be weary, lament, wail, beat one’s breast, or fall into confusion. When the eye is diminishing, wasting away, decaying, fading, disappearing, or vanishing; when the ear, the nose, the tongue, the body, forms, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, family, group, dwelling, gain, fame, praise, happiness, robes, almsfood, lodging, medicine and requisites for the sick are diminishing, wasting away, decaying, fading, disappearing, or vanishing, one should not grieve, be weary, lament, wail, beat one’s breast, or fall into confusion. – should not grieve when declining. “Should not rely on the sky.” “Sky” is said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesomeness. For what reason is craving called “sky”? Because with that craving one draws in, pulls in, grasps, clings to, is intent on form; feeling…perception…formations…consciousness…destiny…rebirth…relinking…existence…samsara…the round of existence; for that reason craving is called “sky.” “Should not rely on the sky” means: should not rely on craving. One should abandon craving, dispel it, make an end of it, bring it to naught, be detached from craving, abstinent, withdrawn, released, disjoined, and dwell with a mind free from limitations – that is “should not rely on the sky.” Therefore the Blessed One said: “One should not delight in the old, Nor make peace with the new; Should not grieve when declining, Should not rely on the sky.” 180. Greed, I say, is a great flood; Agitation, I say, is a murmuring; The object is a trembling, The mud of desires is hard to cross. “Greed, I say, is a great flood.” Greed is said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesomeness. A great flood is said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesomeness. “Greed, I say, is a great flood” means: I say, declare, teach, explain, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, proclaim greed as “a great flood” – that is “Greed, I say, is a great flood.” “Agitation, I say, is a murmuring.” Agitation is said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesomeness. Murmuring is also said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesomeness. “Agitation, I say, is a murmuring” means: I say, declare…make clear, proclaim agitation as “a murmuring” – that is “Agitation, I say, is a murmuring.” “The object is a trembling.” The object is also said to be craving. That which is passion, attachment…greed, covetousness, a root of unwholesome root. Craving is also called agitation. That passion, attachment... greed, covetousness, roots of unwholesome things – the object is agitation. The mire of sensual pleasures is hard to cross. The mire of sensual pleasures, the mud of sensual pleasures, the defilement of sensual pleasures, the swamp of sensual pleasures, the hindrance of sensual pleasures (the obstruction of sensual pleasures) is hard to cross, hard to overcome, hard to get through, hard to traverse, hard to surmount, hard to pass beyond – the mire of sensual pleasures is hard to cross. Therefore the Blessed One said: "Greed, I call a great flood, agitation, I call a tremor; the object is agitation, the mire of sensual pleasures is hard to cross." 181. The sage, not deviating from truth, stands on solid ground, a brahmin; having relinquished everything, he indeed is called peaceful. "The sage, not deviating from truth" means: Not deviating from truthful speech, not deviating from right view, not deviating from the Noble Eightfold Path. "Sage" means: Silence is called knowledge... having overcome the net of attachments, he is a sage – "the sage, not deviating from truth." "Stands on solid ground, a brahmin" means: Solid ground is called the deathless, Nibbāna. That which is the calming of all formations, the relinquishing of all attachments, the destruction of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna. "Brahmin" means: A brahmin because he has banished seven things... such a one, unattached, is called a Brahma. "Stands on solid ground, a brahmin" means: He stands on solid ground, stands on an island, stands on a refuge, stands in a cave, stands in a shelter, stands in fearlessness, stands in the unshakeable, stands in the deathless, stands in Nibbāna – "stands on solid ground, a brahmin." "Having relinquished everything" means: Everything is called the twelve sense bases – eye and forms... mind and mental objects. When desire and lust for internal and external sense bases are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm-stump, brought to non-existence, not liable to arise in the future, by this much, everything is given up, vomited forth, released, abandoned, relinquished. When craving, views, and conceit are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm-stump, brought to non-existence, not liable to arise in the future, by this much, everything is given up, vomited forth, released, p discarded. When the meritorious volitional formations, the unmeritorious volitional formations, and the imperturbable volitional formations are abandoned, their roots cut off, made like a palm stump, brought to non-existence, incapable of future arising, to that extent all is given up, vomited, released, abandoned, discarded— having discarded all. He is indeed called a peaceful one. He is called, spoken of, declared, expounded, and designated as peaceful, calmed, tranquilized, extinguished, and thoroughly pacified— he is indeed called a peaceful one. Therefore the Blessed One said: “The sage, not deviating from truth, stands firm on the ground, a brahmin;