English
he does not go by way of views, he does not go by way of restlessness, he does not go by way of doubt, he does not go by way of latent tendencies, he is not drawn, led, carried away, nor swept away by factional states – not gone by desire. Nor a dogmatist: "The world is eternal, this alone is true, anything else is foolish" – he is not a dogmatist... (and so on) ... "The Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death, this alone is true, anything else is foolish" – he is not a dogmatist – not gone by desire, nor a dogmatist. He is released from views, the wise one. For him, the sixty-two views are abandoned, uprooted, calmed, tranquilized, incapable of arising again, burnt by the fire of knowledge. He dwells released from views, disjoined, with a boundless mind. "Wise one" means: wise, sagacious, discerning, intelligent, knowing, understanding, astute – he is released from views, the wise one. He is not soiled in the world, not blaming himself. "Soiling" means two kinds of soiling: the soiling of craving and the soiling of views... (and so on) ... this is the soiling of craving... (and so on) ... this is the soiling of views. For him, the soiling of craving is abandoned, the soiling of views is cast off; because the soiling of craving is abandoned for him, because the soiling of views is cast off, in the world of suffering... is not stained, is not stained in the human world, is not stained in the divine world, is not stained in the world of aggregates, is not stained in the world of elements, is not stained in the world of sense bases, is not stained, is not smeared, is not defiled, un-smeared, un-defiled, un-stained, gone forth, escaped, thoroughly liberated, disjoined, dwells with a mind that has broken all boundaries – is not stained in the world. One who blames oneself, blames oneself for two reasons: for what has been done, and for what has not been done. How does one blame oneself for what has been done and for what has not been done? "I have done bodily misconduct, I have not done bodily good conduct," thus one blames oneself. "I have done verbal misconduct..." "...I have done mental misconduct..." "...I have taken life..." "...I have held wrong view, I have not held right view," thus one blames oneself. Thus one blames oneself for what has been done and for what has not been done. Or else, "I am not a perfect doer in moral conduct," thus one blames oneself. "I am not guarded in my sense faculties," "I am not moderate in food," "I am not devoted to wakefulness," "I am not endowed with mindfulness and clear comprehension," "My four foundations of mindfulness are undeveloped," "My four right exertions are undeveloped," "My four bases of psychic power are undeveloped," "My five faculties are undeveloped," "My five powers are undeveloped," "My seven factors of enlightenment are undeveloped," "My Noble Eightfold Path is undeveloped," "Suffering is not fully understood by me," "The origin of suffering is not abandoned by me," "The path is undeveloped by me," "Cessation is not realized by me," thus one blames oneself. Thus one blames oneself for what has been done and for what has not been done. Thus is one who blames oneself. Not doing this action, not generating it, not producing it, not bringing it forth, not causing it to arise, one does not blame oneself – one who does not blame oneself is not stained in the world. Therefore the Blessed One said: "Having abandoned former influxes, not doing new ones, not led by desire, nor a partisan speaker; That wise one, thoroughly liberated from views, is not stained in the world, one who does not blame oneself." 149. He, in all phenomena, is free from armies, whatever is seen or heard or sensed; He, with burden laid down, the sage, is fully liberated, not subject to becoming, not ceased, not longed for. [Thus spoke the Blessed One] "He, in all phenomena, is free from armies, whatever is seen or heard or sensed." "Army" is called Māra's army. Bodily misconduct is Māra's army. Verbal misconduct is Māra's army. Mental misconduct is Māra's army. Greed... Hatred... Delusion... Anger... Resentment... Disparagement... Dominance... Envy... Avarice... Deceit... Craftiness... Obstinacy... Arrogance... Conceit... Excessive pride... Intoxication... Heedlessness... All defilements... All misconducts... All agitations... All fevers... All torments... All unwholesome volitional formations are Māra's army. This was said by the Blessed One: "Sensual pleasures are your first army, the second is called discontent... (etc.); No demon conquers it; only by conquering does one gain happiness." Because by the four noble paths all of Māra's army and all opposing defilements are conquered and defeated, broken, scattered, turned away – he is called "free from armies." He is free from armies in what is seen, in what is heard... in what is sensed... in what is cognized – he, in all phenomena, is free from armies, whatever is seen or heard or sensed. "He, with burden laid down, the sage, is fully liberated." "Burden" means three burdens – the burden of aggregates, the burden of defilements, the burden of volitional formations. Which is the burden of aggregates? At rebirth, form, feeling, perception, mental formations, consciousness – this is the burden of aggregates. Which is the burden of defilements? Greed, hatred, delusion... (etc.)... all unwholesome volitional formations – this is the burden of defilements. Which is the burden of volitional formations? Wholesome volitional formation, unwholesome volitional formation, imperturbable volitional formation – this is the burden of volitional formations. Because the burden of aggregates and the burden of defilements and the burden of volitional formations are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm stump, brought to non-existence, not liable to arise in the future, he is called "with burden laid down," "burden fallen," "burden put down," "burden completely put down," "burden discarded," "burden calmed." "Sage" is called "wisdom." knowledge. That wisdom, understanding, investigation, thorough investigation, investigation of phenomena, distinguishing, observing, immediate observation, sagacity, skill, proficiency, analysis, reflection, scrutiny, extensive wisdom, intelligence, guiding wisdom, insight, clear comprehension, goad, wisdom, faculty of wisdom, power of wisdom, weapon of wisdom, palace of wisdom, light of wisdom, radiance of wisdom, lamp of wisdom, jewel of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view. The sage endowed with that knowledge attains sagely conduct. Three kinds of sagely conduct: sagely conduct of body, sagely conduct of speech, sagely conduct of mind. What is sagely conduct of body? Abandoning the three kinds of bodily misconduct is sagely conduct of body, the three kinds of bodily good conduct is sagely conduct of body, knowledge regarding bodily objects is sagely conduct of body, full understanding of the body is sagely conduct of body, the path accompanied by full understanding is sagely conduct of body, abandoning desire and lust for the body is sagely conduct of body, cessation of bodily formations, attainment of the fourth jhana is sagely conduct of body – this is sagely conduct of body. What is sagely conduct of speech? Abandoning the four kinds of verbal misconduct is sagely conduct of speech, the four kinds of verbal good conduct is sagely conduct of speech, knowledge regarding verbal objects is sagely conduct of speech, full understanding of speech is sagely conduct of speech, the path accompanied by full understanding is sagely conduct of speech, abandoning desire and lust for speech is sagely conduct of speech, cessation of verbal formations, attainment of the second jhana is sagely conduct of speech – this is sagely conduct of speech. What is sagely conduct of mind? Abandoning the three kinds of mental misconduct is sagely conduct of mind, the three kinds of mental good conduct is sagely conduct of mind, knowledge regarding mental objects is sagely conduct of mind, full understanding of the mind is sagely conduct of mind, the path accompanied by full understanding is sagely conduct of mind, abandoning desire and lust for the mind is sagely conduct of mind, cessation of mental formations, attainment of the cessation of perception and feeling is sagely conduct of mind – this is sagely conduct of mind. “A sage of body, a sage of speech, A sage of mind, without defilements; A sage endowed with sagely conduct, They call one who has abandoned all. “A sage of body, a sage of speech, A sage of mind, without defilements; The sage, endowed with sagely qualities, is called one who has washed away evil. There are six sages endowed with these three sagely qualities: householder sages, homeless sages, learner sages, accomplished sages, solitary sages, and the sage of sages. Who are householder sages? Those householders who have seen the path, who have understood the teaching – these are householder sages. Who are homeless sages? Those renunciants who have seen the path, who have understood the teaching – these are homeless sages. The seven learners are learner sages, Arahants are accomplished sages. Paccekabuddhas are solitary sages. The Tathāgatas, Arahants, Perfectly Self-Enlightened Ones are called the sage of sages. Not by silence is one a sage, if one is deluded and ignorant; But one who, like a balance, takes up and chooses the excellent, is wise. He avoids evils, he is a sage, by that he is a sage; He who understands both worlds, by that he is called a sage. Having known the dhamma of the non-existent and the existent, within and without, in all the world; He who is honored by gods and humans, having overcome the net of attachment, he is a sage. "Completely freed" means: the sage's mind is freed, released, well-released from lust; the mind is freed, released, well-released from hatred; the mind is freed, released, well-released from delusion; ...